Initial plan

Git ignore config lock files
Fix gitignore "factorio" rule
2026-11-11 23:04:52 +09:00 · 2026-02-02 21:21:11 +00:00 · 2026-01-30 21:22:36 +00:00 · 2026-01-30 20:54:59 +00:00 · 2026-01-28 15:03:47 +00:00 · 2026-01-27 15:59:35 +01:00
303 changed files with 22132 additions and 5520 deletions
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+{
+	"image":"mcr.microsoft.com/devcontainers/universal:2",
+	"postCreateCommand": "mkdir factorio && cd factorio && wget https://factorio.com/get-download/1.1.107/headless/linux64 && tar -xf linux64 && mv factorio factorio_1.1.107 && rm linux64 && wget https://factorio.com/get-download/2.0.47/headless/linux64 && tar -xf linux64 && mv factorio factorio_2.0.47 && rm linux64 && pnpm install",
+}
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-dist/
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+Describe why and what has been changed by this pullrequest, feel free to also ask for input on decisions you are unsure about etc.
+The changelog lines below will be copied directly from merged pull requests to the changelog on new releases. Changes are expected to preferrentially link to the associated issues. If there are no relevant issues, link to the pull request itself.
+
+## Changelog
+```
+### Features
+- Added doodad to web interface. [#999](https://github.com/clusterio/clusterio/issues/999)
+
+### Changes
+- ...
+
+### Fixes
+- ...
+
+### Breaking changes
+- ...
+```
@@ -12,41 +12,60 @@ jobs:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    strategy:
      matrix:
-        node-version: [18.x, 20.x]
-        # See supported Node.js release schedule at https://nodejs.org/en/about/releases/
+        # Supported versions are active lts and maintenance see https://nodejs.org/en/about/releases/
+        node-version: [20.x, 22.x]
+        # Supported versions are latest stable and one minor version before stable (even if from a previous major) 
+        factorio-version: [1.1.110, 2.0.47]

    steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
-    - uses: pnpm/action-setup@v2.4.0
-      with:
-        version: 8
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+    - uses: pnpm/action-setup@v4
    - name: Use Node.js ${{ matrix.node-version }}
-      uses: actions/setup-node@v3
+      uses: actions/setup-node@v4
      with:
        node-version: ${{ matrix.node-version }}
-    - run: pnpm i --no-optional --no-frozen-lockfile
-    - run: wget -q -O factorio.tar.gz https://www.factorio.com/get-download/latest/headless/linux64 && tar -xf factorio.tar.gz && rm factorio.tar.gz
+    - name: Prepare and install
+      run: pnpm i --no-frozen-lockfile
+    - name: Use Factorio ${{ matrix.factorio-version }}
+      run: wget -q -O factorio.tar.gz https://www.factorio.com/get-download/${{ matrix.factorio-version }}/headless/linux64 && tar -xf factorio.tar.gz && rm factorio.tar.gz
    - name: Run tests
-      if: ${{ matrix.node-version != '18.x' }}
+      if: ${{ matrix.node-version != '20.x' || matrix.factorio-version != '1.1.110' }}
      run: pnpm test
    - name: Run coverage
-      if: ${{ matrix.node-version == '18.x' }}
+      if: ${{ matrix.node-version == '20.x' && matrix.factorio-version == '1.1.110' }}
      run: pnpm run ci-cover
    - name : Upload coverage to Codecov
-      if: ${{ matrix.node-version == '18.x' }}
-      uses: codecov/codecov-action@v2
+      if: ${{ matrix.node-version == '20.x' && matrix.factorio-version == '1.1.110' }}
+      uses: codecov/codecov-action@v4
      with:
        files: ./coverage/lcov.info
+        token: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_TOKEN }}

  lint:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
-    - uses: pnpm/action-setup@v2.4.0
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+    - uses: pnpm/action-setup@v4
+    - uses: actions/setup-node@v4
      with:
-        version: 8
-    - uses: actions/setup-node@v3
-      with:
-        node-version: 18.x
-    - run: pnpm i --no-optional --no-frozen-lockfile
+        node-version: 20.x
+    - run: pnpm i --no-frozen-lockfile
    - run: pnpm run lint
+
+  build:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+    - uses: pnpm/action-setup@v4
+    - uses: actions/setup-node@v4
+      with:
+        node-version: 20.x
+    - run: pnpm i --no-frozen-lockfile
+    - run: pnpm run build-mod
+    # Upload build to artifacts
+    - name: Upload build to artifacts
+      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+      with:
+        name: clusterio_lib
+        path: ./dist
+        if-no-files-found: error
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+
+name: Publish
+
+on:
+  release:
+    types:
+      - released
+
+jobs:
+  npm:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: pnpm/action-setup@v4
+        with:
+          version: 8
+      - uses: actions/setup-node@v4
+        with:
+          node-version: 22.x
+          registry-url: https://registry.npmjs.org
+      - run: pnpm install --no-frozen-lockfile
+      - run: pnpm -r --filter='./{plugins,packages}/*' publish --no-git-checks
+        env:
+          NODE_AUTH_TOKEN: $${{ secrets.NPM_TOKEN }}
+      - uses: softprops/action-gh-release@v2
+        with:
+          files: pnpm-lock.yaml
+
+  factorio:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: pnpm/action-setup@v4
+        with:
+          version: 8
+      - uses: actions/setup-node@v4
+        with:
+          node-version: 22.x
+      - run: pnpm install --no-frozen-lockfile
+      - run: pnpm -r --filter='./{plugins,packages}/*' run build-mod --output-dir ../../dist
+      - run: node ./publish.js factorio ./dist
+        env:
+          FACTORIO_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.FACTORIO_TOKEN }}
+      - uses: softprops/action-gh-release@v2
+        with:
+          files: ./dist/*
@@ -29,15 +29,13 @@ dist/

 node_modules

-Factorio*
-/factorio
+/factorio*
 /instances
 /mods
 /database
 /plugin-list.json
-/config-controller.json
-/config-control.json
-/config-host.json
+/config-*.json
+/config-*.json.lock
 pnpm-lock.yaml
 mod_cache.json
 /static/
@@ -13,16 +13,235 @@

 ### Changes

- Bugfixes and small changes to existing behaviour.
+- Small changes to existing behaviour.
+
+### Fixes
+
+- Bugfixes

 ### Breaking Changes

 - Changes which break backwards compatibility with older hosts or plugins code.

+### Meta
+
+- Changes to the project activities / structure worth highlighting but have no impact on the published package.
+
 Many thanks to the following for contributing to this release:  
 [@username](https://github.com/username)
 -->

+## Version 2.0.0-alpha.22
+
+### Major Features
+
+- Added a download dependencies button which downloads missing dependencies. [#726](https://github.com/clusterio/clusterio/issues/726)
+- Added an update mod button which downloads the latest compatible version of a mod. [#725](https://github.com/clusterio/clusterio/issues/725)
+
+### Features
+
+- Added online player list to instance details page. [#666](https://github.com/clusterio/clusterio/issues/666)
+- Added ability to restart instances as a single action. [#779](https://github.com/clusterio/clusterio/issues/779)
+- Added ability to exclude instances from the 'Start all' web UI button. [#451](https://github.com/clusterio/clusterio/issues/451)
+- Added plugin update detection for restart required [#759](https://github.com/clusterio/clusterio/issues/759)
+- Added detection for mismatched mod and mod pack factorio version. [#727](https://github.com/clusterio/clusterio/issues/727)
+- Added detection for dependency issues such as incompatible or wrong version. [#727](https://github.com/clusterio/clusterio/issues/727)
+- Added a quick fix button for resolving detected dependency issues. [#801](https://github.com/clusterio/clusterio/issues/801)
+
+### Changes
+
+- Restart host / controller is now the default action with stop moved to a dropdown. [#780](https://github.com/clusterio/clusterio/issues/780)
+- Restart host / controller no longer shows unless it is enabled for that machine. [#780](https://github.com/clusterio/clusterio/issues/780)
+- Plugin templates no longer depend on a dev install of Clusterio. [#786](https://github.com/clusterio/clusterio/issues/786)
+- Better error message for when a plugin is missing an index file. [#799](https://github.com/clusterio/clusterio/pull/799)
+- `ModStore.downloadMods` no longer checks if the mod is already downloaded. [#801](https://github.com/clusterio/clusterio/issues/801
+- Mod version for buildins will always be fully qualified, matching the requirement enforced on other mods. [#801](https://github.com/clusterio/clusterio/issues/801))
+- Subscriptions can now be filtered. [#788](https://github.com/clusterio/clusterio/pull/788)
+
+### Fixes
+
+- Fixed the missing space between action buttons on the users and hosts list. [#780](https://github.com/clusterio/clusterio/issues/780)
+- Fixed "rendered more hooks" error when refreshing hosts page. [#769](https://github.com/clusterio/clusterio/issues/769)
+- Fixed inventory combinator time signal not always updating [#610](https://github.com/clusterio/clusterio/issues/610)
+- Renamed templates for `.gitignore` and `.npmignore` that caused `create --plugin-template` to fail. [#800](https://github.com/clusterio/clusterio/pull/800)
+- Fixed npm update button failing to apply update and restart.
+
+### Breaking changes
+
+- `ModPortalDownloadRequest` now requires an array of mod version pairs rather than a single mod name and version. [#801](https://github.com/clusterio/clusterio/issues/801)
+- Version strings (e.g. `1.0`, `1.0.0`) now have stricter typing and validation, passing unchecked strings to functions will error. [#801](https://github.com/clusterio/clusterio/issues/801)
+
+Many thanks to the following for contributing to this release:  
+[@Cooldude2606](https://github.com/Cooldude2606)
+[@Danielv123](https://github.com/Danielv123)
+[@Hornwitser](https://github.com/Hornwitser)
+
+## Version 2.0.0-alpha.21
+
+### Major Features
+
+- Added import, export, and restore of user lists (bans / admins / whitelist / combined). [#717](https://github.com/clusterio/clusterio/issues/717)
+- Added remote update for core packages and third party plugins. [#761](https://github.com/clusterio/clusterio/issues/761)
+- Added config cloning on instance creation. [#720](https://github.com/clusterio/clusterio/issues/720)
+
+### Features
+
+- Added social links and instructions to error page. [#742](https://github.com/clusterio/clusterio/issues/742)
+- Added button to download control config. [#740](https://github.com/clusterio/clusterio/issues/740)
+- Added server action filter (aka "chat filter") to instance log in web ui. [#744](https://github.com/clusterio/clusterio/issues/744)
+- Added `factorio.console_logging` to enable dedicated console log file for servers. [#748](https://github.com/clusterio/clusterio/issues/748)
+- Added a recovery mode to host and controller accessible as an option on the run command. [#752](https://github.com/clusterio/clusterio/issues/752)
+- Added username search to the users list. [#751](https://github.com/clusterio/clusterio/issues/751)
+- Added log level filtering to the web ui. [#745](https://github.com/clusterio/clusterio/issues/745)
+- Added pending update detection for host and controller. [#758](https://github.com/clusterio/clusterio/issues/758)
+- Added restart required indicator for host and controller. [#758](https://github.com/clusterio/clusterio/issues/758)
+- Added version mismatch indicator in host list. [#758](https://github.com/clusterio/clusterio/issues/758)
+- Added host plugin list command to crl where previously only controller plugin list existed. [#760](https://github.com/clusterio/clusterio/issues/760)
+- Added optional feature which allows new plugins to be installed remotely.
+- Added bidirectional whitelist syncing. [#716](https://github.com/clusterio/clusterio/issues/716)
+- Added support for v2 map exchange strings. [#700](https://github.com/clusterio/clusterio/issues/700)
+
+### Fixes
+
+- Fixed handling of zip files with multiple top-level folders. [#739](https://github.com/clusterio/clusterio/issues/739)
+- Fixed looping between instances of ban and admin sync events. [#736](https://github.com/clusterio/clusterio/issues/736)
+- Fixed quality being stripped from power armour equipment when moving between servers [#753](https://github.com/clusterio/clusterio/pull/753)
+- Resolved webpack type export warnings [#750](https://github.com/clusterio/clusterio/pull/750)
+- Reduce page load time on users list by enabling pagination. [#718](https://github.com/clusterio/clusterio/issues/718)
+- Corrected stack trace and enabled source mapping during bootstrap. [#764](https://github.com/clusterio/clusterio/pull/764)
+- Fixed map gen settings using the incorrect name for cliff settings following exchange string decode.
+
+### Meta
+
+- Silent testing is now truly silent. [#764](https://github.com/clusterio/clusterio/pull/764)
+- Node 18 has reached end of life and is no longer maintained, we no longer guarantee support for it.
+- CI testing now runs on node 20 & 22 as well as factorio 1.1.110 & 2.0.47.
+
+Many thanks to the following for contributing to this release:  
+[@Cooldude2606](https://github.com/Cooldude2606)
+[@Danielv123](https://github.com/Danielv123)
+[@Hornwitser](https://github.com/Hornwitser)
+
+## Version 2.0.0-alpha.20
+
+### Features
+
+- Update subspace storage to 2.0 and space age. [#733](https://github.com/clusterio/clusterio/pull/733)
+- A fresh install of Clusterio will include default mod packs. [#719](https://github.com/clusterio/clusterio/issues/719)
+
+### Fixes
+
+- Fix crash when leaving a server without a logistic requester point [#731](https://github.com/clusterio/clusterio/pull/731)
+- Use floor instead of round to prevent "1 minute and 60 seconds" being shown [#723](https://github.com/clusterio/clusterio/issues/723)
+- Fixed production statistics overwriting consumption statistics and vise versa [#734](https://github.com/clusterio/clusterio/pulls/734)
+- Hot patch to add the updated 2.0.29 control.lua freeplay hash to know scenarios. [commit](https://github.com/clusterio/clusterio/commit/26269df7d4d8f39042c59653008bc8f034a4f3b4)
+
+### Meta
+
+- We have now introduced a new [decisions log](https://github.com/clusterio/clusterio/blob/master/docs/decisions.md) to aid tracking all the technical and design decisions we make and their reasons. [#714](https://github.com/clusterio/clusterio/pull/714)
+
+Many thanks to the following for contributing to this release:  
+[@Cooldude2606](https://github.com/Cooldude2606)
+[@Danielv123](https://github.com/Danielv123)
+[@psihius](https://github.com/psihius)
+
+## Version 2.0.0-alpha.19
+
+### Major Features
+
+- Added support for 2.0 builtin mods during mod pack creation. [#684](https://github.com/clusterio/clusterio/pull/684)
+- Added basic 2.0 support to clusterio lua api and 1st party plugins. [#685](https://github.com/clusterio/clusterio/pull/685)
+
+### Features
+
+- Added Datastore and Datastore Provider classes to the library to support savable Maps. [#629](https://github.com/clusterio/clusterio/pull/629)
+- Added clean script to speed up publishing and debugging of build steps. [#640](https://github.com/clusterio/clusterio/pull/640)
+- Added sub-tile option on plugin page headers. [#642](https://github.com/clusterio/clusterio/pull/642)
+- Greatly improved plugin and module template generation. [#641](https://github.com/clusterio/clusterio/pull/641)
+- Duplicate host connections from the same address will kill the older host process. [#647](https://github.com/clusterio/clusterio/pull/647)
+- Controller will refuse duplicate host connections from different addresses. [#647](https://github.com/clusterio/clusterio/pull/647)
+- Monorepos are now supported for external plugins. [#654](https://github.com/clusterio/clusterio/pull/654)
+- Changed default role selection to be a dropdown menu rather than id. [#664](https://github.com/clusterio/clusterio/pull/664)
+- Added credential option to config entries to allow writing sensitive data that can't be read back remotely.
+- Allow hidden and readonly graphical representations of config values. [#665](https://github.com/clusterio/clusterio/pull/665)
+- Added locale exporting for all builtin mods, not just for the base mod. [#684](https://github.com/clusterio/clusterio/pull/684)
+- Added option for silent testing which only shows the results, can be ran using `pnpm silent-test` [#680](https://github.com/clusterio/clusterio/pull/680)
+- Added prompt for http port on installation of Clusterio. [#564](https://github.com/clusterio/clusterio/issues/564)
+- Added drag and drop overlay to upload button on mods page and save table on instance page. [#591](https://github.com/clusterio/clusterio/issues/591)
+- Automatically add plugins from ./plugins, ./external_plugins and installed npm modules. [#692](https://github.com/clusterio/clusterio/pull/692)
+- `compat.table_to_json` and `compat.json_to_table` supported in all stages in pre 2.0 [#687](https://github.com/clusterio/clusterio/issues/687)
+- Add "connect to server" button to web interface, launches with steam api. [#608](https://github.com/clusterio/clusterio/issues/608)
+- Add space platform name mapping to space platform statistics. [#706](https://github.com/clusterio/clusterio/pull/706)
+- Track space platform speed metric clusterio_statistics_exporter_platform_speed. [#706](https://github.com/clusterio/clusterio/pull/706)
+- Track space platform weight metric clusterio_statistics_exporter_platform_weight. [#706](https://github.com/clusterio/clusterio/pull/706)
+- Added bidirectional sync to admin and ban list. [#709](https://github.com/clusterio/clusterio/pull/709)
+
+### Fixes
+
+- Fixed IPC errors reporting undefined when no stack trace was present. [#624](https://github.com/clusterio/clusterio/pull/624)
+- Fixed loopback routing for instances reporting the wrong error message. [#625](https://github.com/clusterio/clusterio/pull/625)
+- Fixed docs linking to non-existing js files after ts migration. [#633](https://github.com/clusterio/clusterio/pull/633)
+- Fixed CI workflows using deprecated version of nodejs. [#637](https://github.com/clusterio/clusterio/pull/637)
+- Fixed linux only tests to run on windows. [#661](https://github.com/clusterio/clusterio/pull/661)
+- Fixed log events being sent from a host over an invalid websocket. [#639](https://github.com/clusterio/clusterio/pull/639)
+- Fixed spaces passed in arguments to the installer causing it to break. [#620](https://github.com/clusterio/clusterio/issues/620)
+- Fixed numeric admin name breaking login. [#536](https://github.com/clusterio/clusterio/issues/536)
+- Fixed issues with subscriptions which prevented them from working on instances or generic events. [#655](https://github.com/clusterio/clusterio/pull/655).
+- Fixed unreliable datastore tests. [#662](https://github.com/clusterio/clusterio/pull/662).
+- Fixed 2.0 version extraction from linux headless. downloaded during installation of clusterio. [#671](https://github.com/clusterio/clusterio/pull/671)
+- Fixed invalid transient state during server start. [#676](https://github.com/clusterio/clusterio/issues/676)
+- Fixed host user sync to instances after reconnecting to the. controller. [#678](https://github.com/clusterio/clusterio/pull/678)
+- Fixed WebUI adding and displaying the wrong base mod version. [#684](https://github.com/clusterio/clusterio/pull/684)
+- Fixed WebUI inconsistent pattern matching for factorio version. [#684](https://github.com/clusterio/clusterio/pull/684)
+- Fixed `safeOutputFile` not being atomic because of a missing path separator. [#659](https://github.com/clusterio/clusterio/pull/659)
+- Fixed built-in mods showing as missing in the WebUI. [#581](https://github.com/clusterio/clusterio/issues/581)
+- Fixed dirty flag not being set when only the config of an instance is updated. [#675](https://github.com/clusterio/clusterio/pull/675)
+- Fixed incorrect command being used to remove players from the whitelist. [#679](https://github.com/clusterio/clusterio/pull/679)
+- Fixed CI following undocumented breaking change from downstream dependency. [#683](https://github.com/clusterio/clusterio/pull/683)
+- Fixed instance crash when missing saves folder. [#698](https://github.com/clusterio/clusterio/issues/698)
+- Fixed statistics exporter not working on newer versions of windows 11 due to wmic deprecation. [#707](https://github.com/clusterio/clusterio/issues/707)
+
+### Changes
+
+- Added prompt for the HTTP port to host the controller to the installer. [#619](https://github.com/clusterio/clusterio/pull/619)
+- Added tests for sendEvent and sendRequest throwing the correct error messages. [#638](https://github.com/clusterio/clusterio/pull/638)
+- Updated all web ui pages to use correct page header component. [#643](https://github.com/clusterio/clusterio/pull/643)
+- Bumped Typescript version to 5.5 and implemented `${configDir}` in base configs for "outDir". [#648](https://github.com/clusterio/clusterio/pull/648).
+- Added factorio.executable_path option which allows overriding the default path to the Factorio executable run.
+- Added instance version display. [#573](https://github.com/clusterio/clusterio/pull/573)
+- Added `factorio.shutdown_timeout` config to set the time the host will wait for a Factorio server to shut down befor killing it.
+- Changed shutdown logic to prefer sending a /quit command via RCON instead of using diverging logic on Windows and Linux.
+- Added `controller.factorio_username` and `controller.factorio_token` config to set Factorio credentials used for the whole cluster.
+- Added `controller.share_factorio_credential_with_hosts` config to optionally require hosts to provide their own credentials.
+- Added `host.factorio_username` and `host.factorio_token` config to set Factorio credentials used on a given host.
+- Changed `instance.rcon_password` config to be a credential field that can not be read by the control interface.
+- Changed `host.id` `instance.id` and `instance.assign_host` config to be hidden fields that can not be seen on the web ui.
+- Updated display name and description of `controller.external_address` to avoid confusion. [#674](https://github.com/clusterio/clusterio/pull/674)
+- Renamed config value `controller.external_address` to `controller.public_url`, migrations are applied automatically.
+- String config values with whitelisted values (enum) now display as a selection dropdown. [#701](https://github.com/clusterio/clusterio/pull/701)
+- Existing selection dropdowns now support search filtering. [#701](https://github.com/clusterio/clusterio/pull/701)
+- Added surface label to clusterio_statistics_exporter_instance_force_flow_statistics. [#691](https://github.com/clusterio/clusterio/issues/691)
+- Compat lib now supports versions from 0.17 to 2.0 [#711](https://github.com/clusterio/clusterio/pull/711)
+- Add bidirectional sync to admin and ban list. [#709](https://github.com/clusterio/clusterio/pull/709)
+
+### Breaking Changes
+
+- Previously silent errors for controller.sendEvent now throw exceptions [#625](https://github.com/clusterio/clusterio/pull/625).
+- @clusterio/controller export InstanceInfo has added factorioVersion parameter.
+- Argument order for `Config.canAccess` changed to require an access mode passed as the second argument.
+- Instances can now have `factorio.enable_script_commands` disabled which will throw an error when any script command is used over rcon. [#681](https://github.com/clusterio/clusterio/pull/681).
+- User IDs are now case insensitive, duplicate users will be automatically merged with a backup created. [#682](https://github.com/clusterio/clusterio/pull/682)
+- Plugins now require the keyword "clusterio-plugin" in package.json to be automatically loaded [#692](https://github.com/clusterio/clusterio/pull/692)
+
+Many thanks to the following for contributing to this release:  
+[@CCpersonguy](https://github.com/CCpersonguy)
+[@Cooldude2606](https://github.com/Cooldude2606)
+[@Danielv123](https://github.com/Danielv123)
+[@Hornwitser](https://github.com/Hornwitser)
+[@Laar](https://github.com/Laar)
+[@psihius](https://github.com/psihius)
+
+
 ## Version 2.0.0-alpha.18

 ### Features
@@ -90,13 +90,13 @@ Check out the documentation on [Writing Plugins](/docs/writing-plugins.md) for w

 ## Installation

-Clusterio runs on Node.js v18 and up, it's distributed via npm and comes with a guided install script.
+Clusterio runs on all LTS version of NodeJS, it is distributed via npm and comes with a guided install script.
 If you already have a recent Node.js installed, you can set it up in a new directory with:

    npm init "@clusterio"

-Otherwise see below for OS specific instructions.
-
+Otherwise see below for OS specific instructions.  
+Check out all our of decisions for [node, factorio, and operation support](/docs/decisions.md#supportability).

 ### Ubuntu setup

@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ For the standalone installation mode you can use
 If you plan to make your cluster available externally set the address
 that it will be accessible under with, for example

-    npx clusteriocontroller config set controller.external_address http://203.0.113.4:1234/
+    npx clusteriocontroller config set controller.public_url http://203.0.113.4:1234/

 Change the url to reflect the IP, protocol, and port the controller is accessible under, dns names are also supported.
 If you're planning on making the controller accessible on the internet it's recommended to set up TLS, see the [Setting Up TLS](/docs/setting-up-tls.md) document for more details.
@@ -209,12 +209,17 @@ See the [readme for @clusterio/controller](/packages/controller/README.md) for m

 ## Managing Factorio mods

-Clusterio currently only provides a manual method for running mods on servers by copying them either to each instance's individual `mods` folder, or by copying them into a host installation's `sharedMods` folder which will link/copy them to the `mods` folder of each instance on that host if the file doesn't already exist in the `mods` folder for that instance.
-Mods are copied from `sharedMods` on Windows and symlinked on Linux, this means that when mods are removed from `sharedMods` the mods will also be removed from the instance's `mods` folder on Linux if it got there by being linked by Clusterio, but not on Windows.
+Mods in clusterio are managed as parts of modpacks. There is currently no mod portal integration, so you first need to navigate to the mods section of the web UI and upload your mods. You can then create a modpack from the uploaded mods by navigating to the mods page, hitting `create`. Once you have a modpack, you can assign it to an instance under Instance config -> Factorio -> Mod pack. You can also set a default modpack for new instances in the controller settings.

-For managing the mod settings, the `mod-settings.dat` and `mod-list.json` files will also be linked/copied over if present in `sharedMods`, but since Factorio creates these files automatically it might be necessary to delete them from each instance's `mods` folder for changes to them in `sharedMods` to take effect.
+![Select mod pack for instance](docs/assets/config_select_mod_pack.png)

-Better remote management of mods is a planned feature.
+Mod settings can be managed under the modpack configuration page in the web UI. For mod settings to show, you first need to run an export. This is done by creating an instance with the modpack assigned, opening the instance page and pressing More -> Export data.
+
+![Export mod configuration data](docs/assets/export_mod_config_data.png)
+
+Once this is done, the mod settings will show up under the modpack configuration page.
+
+![Mod settings configuration in web interface](docs/assets/mod_settings_configuration.png)


 ## Setting up shared storage
@@ -227,11 +232,11 @@ Do not install the [Clusterio mod](https://mods.factorio.com/mod/clusterio), thi

 ## Running Clusterio

-After completing the installation start up the controller and at least one host separately.
+After completing the installation and creating your admin user, start up the controller and at least one host separately.
 The installer provides the `run-controller` and `run-host` scripts to make this simple.
 Once the controller process is running you can log into the web interface which is hosted by default on http://localhost:8080/ (adjust the port number if you changed it), use the admin authentication token provided from the installation to log in.

-The basics of setting up a Factorio server from the web interface is to create an instance, assign it to a host and then click start.
+The basics of setting up a Factorio server from the web interface is to create an instance, assign it to a host and then click start. You can also use the "Connect via Steam" button to launch Factorio directly and connect to the server using Steam's protocol handler.

 ### Running via Systemd

@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+/**
+ * Clean the repository of build and execution artifacts.
+ *
+ * clean: A quick clean that removes all build artifacts making the output safe to publish
+ * clean-tests: Removes all build and test artifacts should not be required if tests are setup correctly.
+ * clean-all: Removes all build, test, and execution artifacts. Including cluster config and logs!
+ */
+
+"use strict";
+const path = require("path");
+const fs = require("fs-extra");
+const yargs = require("yargs");
+
+const npmPackage = require("./package.json");
+const workspaces = npmPackage.workspaces
+	.map(p => p.slice(0, -2))
+	.filter(p => !p.includes("external_plugins"));
+
+let DRY = false;
+
+/**
+ * Attempt to remove a file / directory if it exists.
+ *
+ * @param {string} filePath The path to remove.
+ */
+async function tryRemove(filePath) {
+	if (await fs.exists(filePath)) {
+		// eslint-disable-next-line no-console
+		console.log(filePath);
+	}
+
+	if (!DRY) {
+		await fs.remove(filePath);
+	}
+}
+
+/**
+ * Removes all build artifacts
+ */
+async function removeBuildArtifacts() {
+	const tasks = [];
+
+	for (const workspace of workspaces) {
+		const basePath = path.resolve(workspace);
+		const packages = await fs.readdir(basePath);
+		for (const packageName of packages) {
+			tasks.push(
+				tryRemove(path.join(basePath, packageName, "dist"))
+			);
+			tasks.push(
+				tryRemove(path.join(basePath, packageName, "node_modules", ".cache"))
+			);
+		}
+	}
+
+	await Promise.all(tasks);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Removes all test artifacts
+ */
+async function removeTestArtifacts() {
+	const artifacts = [
+		".nyc_output", "coverage", "temp", "static",
+	];
+
+	await Promise.all(artifacts.map(artifact => tryRemove(path.resolve(artifact))));
+}
+
+/**
+ * Removes all execution artifacts
+ */
+async function removeExecutionArtifacts() {
+	const artifacts = [
+		"database", "instances", "logs", "mods",
+		"config-control.json", "config-controller.json", "config-host.json",
+		"FactorioAdminToken.txt", "plugin-list.json",
+	];
+
+	await Promise.all(artifacts.map(artifact => tryRemove(path.resolve(artifact))));
+}
+
+/**
+ * Main function for this script
+ */
+async function main() {
+	await yargs(process.argv.slice(2))
+		.scriptName("clean")
+		.option("dry-run", {
+			alias: "dry",
+			nargs: 0,
+			describe: "Will not delete any files",
+			default: false,
+			type: "boolean",
+		})
+		.command("all", "Remove all artifacts", () => {}, argv => {
+			DRY = argv.dry;
+			removeBuildArtifacts();
+			removeTestArtifacts();
+			removeExecutionArtifacts();
+		})
+		.command("tests", "Remove all build and test artifacts", () => {}, argv => {
+			DRY = argv.dry;
+			removeBuildArtifacts();
+			removeTestArtifacts();
+		})
+		.command("fast", "Remove all build artifacts", () => {}, argv => {
+			DRY = argv.dry;
+			removeBuildArtifacts();
+		})
+		.demandCommand(1, "A command must be specified")
+		.strict()
+		.parse();
+}
+
+// Run main if started from command line
+if (module === require.main) {
+	main();
+}
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ There's also the virtual connector which lets two links in the same program be c
 ## Message

 There's two types of messages currently implemented apart from the Link builtin close message and that's Request and Event.
-The builtin messages are defined in [packages/lib/link/messages.js](/packages/lib/link/messages.js) and are attached to links via the attachAllMessages function, which is usally called in the Link subclass constructor.
+The builtin messages are defined in [packages/lib/src/link/messages.ts](/packages/lib/src/link/messages.ts) and are attached to links via the attachAllMessages function, which is usally called in the Link subclass constructor.

 The messages define which links they are valid on and only attaches handlers for those links.
 There's also a forwarding mechanism for when a request or event is to be forwarded another hop.
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ Clusterio uses a field based configuration system to manage settings for the con
 Plugins can add their own config fields for the controller and instances configs.
 The fields are defined early in the startup, and fields for disabled plugins will still be created.

-The built-in config fields are defined in [packages/lib/config/definitions.js](/packages/lib/config/definitions.js) while plugins can add their own config field definitions to the `controllerConfigFields` and `instanceConfigFields` properties of the `plugin` export.
+The built-in config fields are defined in [packages/lib/src/config/definitions.ts](/packages/lib/src/config/definitions.ts) while plugins can add their own config field definitions to the `controllerConfigFields` and `instanceConfigFields` properties of the `plugin` export.
 A `<plugin_name>.load_plugin` field is automatically created for each plugin and it's used to enable/disable the loading plugins on startup.


@@ -51,9 +51,9 @@ interfaces.
 Defaults to null.


-### controller.external_address
+### controller.public_url

-External address the controller is accessible on.
+Public address the controller is accessible on.
 Currently only used for `clusteriocontroller bootstrap create-ctl-config` in order to give the right url to connect to.
 This should be a full URL ending with a /.

@@ -239,6 +239,14 @@ Does not affect start or stop of the instance while the host is running.
 Defaults to false.


+### instance.exclude_from_start_all
+
+If enabled this instance will be excluded from the "Start all" button operation in the web interface.
+This allows you to prevent certain instances from being started when using the bulk start operation.
+
+Defaults to false.
+
+
 ### factorio.version

 Version of Factorio to use for this instance.
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@
 You are probably reading this because you want to contribute code to Clusterio.
 Great!  We need people like you.
 Though we have some conventions and workflows that we kindly ask you to follow.
+We have included all the pratical considerations in this document.
+Although, we recomend checking out out our [past decisions](/docs/decisions.md) if you have the time.


 ## Contents
@@ -15,6 +17,7 @@ Though we have some conventions and workflows that we kindly ask you to follow.
    - [Editing your Feature Branch](#editing-your-feature-branch)
    - [Resolving Merge Conflicts](#resolving-merge-conflicts)
    - [Updating Your GitHub Fork](#updating-your-github-fork)
+    - [Publishing releases to npm](#publishing-releases-to-npm)
 - [Changelog](#changelog)
 - [Supported Node.js and Factorio Version](#supported-node.js-and-factorio-version)
 - [Code Style](#code-style)
@@ -23,7 +26,6 @@ Though we have some conventions and workflows that we kindly ask you to follow.
    - [Indenting](#indenting)
    - [Line Length](#line-length)
    - [Markdown](#markdown)
- [Pushing releases to npm](#pushing-releases-to-npm)


 ## Workflow
@@ -178,11 +180,15 @@ Fetch the main repository directly as described above and base your feature bran
 GitHub has no interface or functionality for keeping the branches in your fork up to date with the branches in the main repository and there is no point in doing this for our feature branch based workflow.


+### Publishing releases to npm
+
+For publishing new releases see [package release workflow](./release-workflow.md#packages).
+
 ## Changelog

 There's a [Changelog](../CHANGELOG.md) in the root of the project.
 If you make changes that are visible to users of this project you should add an entry to the changelog describing what has changed.
-The format of this log should be self explanatory, please follow it carefully.
+The format of this log should be self explanatory, please follow it carefully. Please make sure to document any [breaking changes](/docs/decisions.md#breaking-changes).


 ## Supported Node.js and Factorio Versions
@@ -194,12 +200,14 @@ For Factorio Clusterio 2.0 aims to support version 0.17.69 and up, including the
 It's recommended that you use the lua API reference for 0.17.69, as there's no information on what version Factorio API's were introduced in.
 The GitHub Actions tests are run against the latest experimental release.

+Check out all our of decisions for [node, factorio, and operation support](/docs/decisions.md#supportability).
+

 ## Code Style

 The style of the code is a bit of a mixed bag at the moment.
 But there are at least a few things that have been agreed upon.
-
+See our [decisions document](/docs/decisions.md) for justifcations.

 ### Naming style

@@ -284,41 +292,3 @@ And there's two spaces before the next heading.

 Headings use the `# heading` format.
 ```
-
-
-## Pushing releases to npm
-
-The releases are done by updating packages versions and then publishing them with pnpm.
-You will need commit access to the repository as well publish access to the @clusterio org on npm to do this.
-
-1.  To do a release switch to the master branch and make sure it's up to date with the repository before proceeding.
-
-    ```sh
-    git switch master
-    git pull --ff-only upstream master
-    ```
-
-    Check and make sure there are no untracked files with `git status`.
-
-2.  Update the version in package files.
-    Make sure to update the command for the right version jump.
-
-    ```sh
-    sed -i 's/2\.0\.0-alpha\.12/2\.0\.0-alpha\.13/' {packages,plugins}/*/package.json
-    ```
-
-3.  Inspect, commit and tag the changes.
-    Again, make sure to be tagging the right version.
-
-    ```sh
-    git add -p
-    git commit -m v2.0.0-alpha.13
-    git tag v2.0.0-alpha.13
-    ```
-
-4.  Publish the packages.
-
-    ```sh
-    rm -r ./{plugins,packages}/*/dist
-    pnpm -r --filter='./{plugins,packages}/*' publish
-    ```
@@ -0,0 +1,479 @@
+# Decisions
+
+This document outlines key decisions taken by the project team that should be followed by all maintainers and contributors.
+If there is a particular issue or concern you would like the team to comment on then please create a github issue for it.
+
+<!-- Try to use categories that already exist if possible -->
+<!-- Sublists should be alphabetical, avoiding starting with "the" -->
+<!-- For code style, add (Lang) to section names if present in both -->
+
+1. Documentation
+    - [Decision Log](#decision-log)
+    - [TSDoc](#tsdoc)
+2. Code Style (General)
+    - [Indenting](#indenting)
+    - [Line Length](#line-length)
+    - [Naming Booleans](#naming-booleans)
+    - [Naming Files](#naming-files)
+    - [Naming Times and Durations](#naming-times-and-durations)
+    - [Strings](#strings)
+3. Code Style (TS / JS / Web)
+    - [ESLint](#eslint)
+    - [Imports Within `lib` Package](#imports-within-lib-package)
+    - [Name Style](#name-style-ts)
+4. Code Style (Lua)
+    - [FMTK](#fmtk)
+    - [Name Style](#name-style-lua)
+5. Code Style (Other)
+    - [Markdown](#markdown)
+6. Repository Structure
+    - [External Plugins](#external-plugins)
+    - [First Party Plugins](#first-party-plugins)
+    - [Core Packages](#core-packages)
+    - [TypeScript Configs](#typescript-configs)
+    - [Workspace](#workspace)
+7. Project Architecture
+    - [Deprecation of Phin in favour of `fetch`](#deprecation-of-phin-in-favour-of-fetch)
+    - [Minimal Dependencies](#minimal-dependencies)
+    - [React](#react)
+    - [Separation of Host and Controller](#separation-of-host-and-controller)
+    - [Typescript](#typescript)
+    - [Webpack](#webpack)
+8. Supportability
+    - [Breaking Changes](#breaking-changes)
+    - [Distribution](#distribution)
+    - [Factorio](#factorio)
+    - [General Support](#general-support)
+    - [NodeJS](#nodejs)
+    - [Operating System](#operating-systems)
+9. Testing
+    - [Continuous Integration](#continuous-integration)
+    - [Continuous Deployment](#continuous-deployment)
+    - [Mocha](#mocha)
+    - [Version Matrix](#version-matrix)
+
+> [!note]
+> The use of `Time Immemorial` indicates an obsverion of a previously undocumented decision with no known start date, which has remained unchallenged.
+
+<!--
+### Template
+
+🧾 0th Month 2000 | Source
+
+> A short sentence describing the action to take in the context of our project.
+
+Write a breif description which includes: the reason a decision was needed, the outcome of the discussion, and the justification of the outcome.
+Write using the active voice in third person "we".
+Remember to have one sentence per line.
+-->
+
+
+## Documentation
+
+### Decision Log
+
+🧾 22nd December 2024 | Discord Voice Call
+
+> Maintain a document that includes a brief description of the outcomes and the reasoning behind our decisions, along with links to the relevant sources for further reading.
+
+We discovered that we were beginning to ask similar questions to other maintainers that we had previously raised, which led to a waste of time for all involved.
+Consequently, we decided that a log of important decisions should be kept for the benefit of ourselves and future maintainers.
+
+
+### TSDoc
+
+🧾 12th August 2023 | [Discord Discussion](https://discord.com/channels/450361298220351489/450361298220351491/1320573126731370506) | [Github PR #493](https://github.com/clusterio/clusterio/pull/493)
+
+> When a function or it's arguments do not have a clear purpose, a TSDoc comment should be used to describe it.
+
+While TypeScript provides useful type infomation in function hover text, it does not allow for comments about the purpose of functions and their arguments.
+Therefore, we decided to use TSDoc comments for this purpose as it is well intergrated in many text editors and IDEs (such as VSCode).
+Our specific implementation is TypeDoc because it is lightweight it and can output TSDoc comments as html.
+API Extractor was also considered but not selected.
+
+
+## Code Style (General)
+
+### Indenting
+
+🧾 Time Immemorial  
+
+> Use tabs for indention. Except for Markdown where spaces carry meaning.
+
+We needed to maintain a consistent whitespace style across all our files.
+Therefore, we selected tabs as our standard.
+
+
+### Line Length
+
+🧾 Time Immemorial  
+
+> Lines are limited to 120 characters where tabs count as 4 characters.
+
+We needed to maintain a consistent max line legnth across all our files.
+Therefore, we selected 120 characters as our standard.
+
+
+### Naming Booleans
+
+🧾 25th November 2024 | [Discord Discussion](https://discord.com/channels/450361298220351489/450361298220351491/1310611960508977223)
+
+> Variable and member properties which contain booleans should be named starting with a verb unless it ends with "ed", e.g. `canRestart` `expectEmpty` `hasFallback` `connected` `enabled` `loaded` `banned`
+
+We had inconsistencies in our naming of booleans and aimed to standardise them.
+There was little preference for any particular approach, so we chose the one that would require the fewest changes to existing code.
+As a result, all boolean values should begin with a verb, unless they end with "ed." For clarity, both "is" and "has" are considered verbs.
+
+
+### Naming Files
+
+🧾 Time Immemorial  
+
+> Files use lowercase_underscore if multiple values are exported. If a single class is exported then it uses the class name in PascalCase.
+
+We needed to maintain a consistent name style across all our files.
+Therefore, we selected lowercase undercore for most files, with class files using PascalCase.
+
+
+### Naming Times and Durations
+
+🧾 18th January 2024 | [Discord Discussion](https://discord.com/channels/450361298220351489/450361298220351491/1197566542548828170)
+
+> Variable and member properties which contain times or durations should end with their SI unit of messure, e.g. `updatedAtMs`
+
+We found verifying the units of measurement used in different locations to be a simple yet repetitive task that could lead to errors.
+Our main concern was the mixing of variables containing seconds and milliseconds.
+Therefore, we decided that times and durations should explicitly include their units, whereas other value types do not require any units.
+
+
+### Strings
+
+🧾 Time Immemorial  
+
+> Strings should use double quotes `"` unless the string contains them, in which case single quotes `'` can be used. For JS string templates use backticks ``` ` ``` as normal.
+
+We needed to maintain a consistent string style across all our files.
+Therefore, we selected double quotes as our standard.
+
+## Code Style (TS / JS / Web)
+
+### ESLint
+
+🧾 Time Immemorial  
+
+> Use ESLint for style checking.
+
+We needed to maintain a consistent style across all our files.
+Therefore, we utilise the industry-standard ESLint, as it is familiar and highly configurable.
+
+
+### Imports Within `lib` Package
+
+🧾 Time Immemorial  
+
+> When importing files within the lib package, all names should be prefixed with "lib".
+
+The exports of the various library files are often very generic and may conflict with variable names.
+Therefore, when importing these files the "lib" prefix should be used to avoid confussing.
+This only applies to files within `lib` importing other files in `lib` because all other packages import the whole of `lib` as a single package.
+
+
+### Name Style (TS)
+
+🧾 Time Immemorial  
+
+> Variables and members of classes use camelCase. Classes use PascalCase. Config values use lowercase_underscore. Exceptions allowed for over the write objects.
+
+We needed to maintain a consistent name style across all our files.
+Therefore, we follow common practive for JavaScript of using camelCase and PascalCase.
+Although, we have also allowed the use of lowercase_underscore for config values to distinguish them from other variables.
+
+
+## Code Style (Lua)
+
+### FMTK
+
+🧾 14th June 2024 | [External PR](https://github.com/justarandomgeek/vscode-factoriomod-debug/pull/126)
+
+> Use of FMTK is not required but is advised.
+> To enable Clusterio support, use the CLI flag `--clusterio-modules` under `Lua.runtime.pluginArgs`.
+
+We needed to maintain a consistent style across all our files.
+There are multiple competing standards for Lua code, and given the limited amount of Lua code in this project, we chose not to adopt any automatic linting or shared luarc file.
+Nevertheless, we recomend the use of [FMTK](https://github.com/justarandomgeek/vscode-factoriomod-debug) and have taken steps towords supporting it in Clusterio.
+
+
+### Name Style (Lua)
+
+🧾 Time Immemorial  
+
+> Everything uses lowercase_underscore
+
+We needed to maintain a consistent name style across all our files.
+Therefore, we follow common practive for Lua of using lowercase_underscore.
+
+
+## Code Style (Other)
+
+### Markdown
+
+🧾 Time Immemorial  
+
+> Use one sentence per line.
+> Place two lines before each heading, except for the first one or when two headings are adjacent.
+
+We needed to maintain a consistent code style across all our markdown files.
+Therefore, we selected an approach which makes diff reports more useful and which makes headings use additional space to make them stand out.
+
+
+## Repository Structure
+
+### External Plugins
+
+🧾 Time Immemorial
+
+> No external plugins should be included in the main repository.
+> A folder will exist which external plugin repositories can be cloned into and will be given the same treatment as first party plugins.
+
+We require a designated space for developers to create their plugins without the concern of conflicts with first-party plugins.
+To address this, we have introduced a dedicated folder for external plugins.
+This solution is straightforward and has since proven to be highly effective.
+
+
+### First Party Plugins
+
+🧾 Time Immemorial
+
+> First party plugins are included in the main repository.
+> Those selected to be first party are held to the same stanards which apply to the core packages.
+> Each will recieve a new release in step with the core packages.
+
+We require a designated space for first-party plugins, separate from the core packages, to clearly represent the dependency between them.
+Creating a folder provided a simple solution to this.
+
+
+### Core Packages
+
+🧾 Time Immemorial
+
+> All core packages will be contained in the packages folder of the repository.
+> They are allowed to be interdependent on each other.
+
+We require a set of core packages to represent the different applications used in a cluster.
+See [Separation of Host and Controller](#separation-of-host-and-controller).
+To avoid putting more files into the repository root we created a folder for the core packages.
+
+
+### TypeScript Configs
+
+🧾 26th August 2023 | [Github PR #504](https://github.com/clusterio/clusterio/pull/504)
+
+> Each package / plugin may contain any of: `tsconfig.json` `tsconfig.node.json` and `tsconfig.web.json`.
+> The main respository root will contain all three files in addition to `tsconfig.base.json` which node and web extend from.
+> The configs inside packages / plugins should extend from those in the respository root.
+
+We found that maintaining independent tsconfig files became burdensome and required a way to consolidate them.
+Initially, we introduced a base configuration file; however, this proved insufficient, so we extended it to include separate configurations for Node.js and the Web.
+This approach led to each package having up to three tsconfig files.
+Nevertheless, we believe this to be justified, given the need to differentiate between Node.js and Web builds while maintaining a single, shared configuration.
+
+
+### Workspace
+
+🧾 Time Immemorial
+
+> The workspace root should contain only: configuration files, scripts used to build / clean the workspace, the readme, and the changelog.
+
+We need to maintain a clean workspace root by only including files which effect all pacakges and plugins such as configuration files.
+We have allowed for build and clean scripts to exist here as long as they are not published as part of any package or plugin.
+
+
+## Project Architecture
+
+### Deprecation of Phin in favour of `fetch`
+
+🧾 12th December 2024 | [Discord Discussion Dec 24](https://discord.com/channels/450361298220351489/450361298220351491/1316781609206419567) | [Discord Discussion May 25](https://discord.com/channels/450361298220351489/450361298220351491/1240246997496102942)
+
+> The builtin `fetch` method should be used as a replacement of the deprecated Phin module.
+
+We required a replacement for the deprecated Phin HTTP client, which was used for making server-side requests and as part of testing.
+With `fetch` being marked as stable in Node.js v21.0.0 and having first been made available in v16.15.0, it serves as a suitable replacement without the need to add new dependencies.
+It had previously not been used because it was not marked as stable in any LTS version of NodeJS.
+
+
+### Minimal Dependencies
+
+🧾 Time Immemorial
+
+> Any new dependencies need to be well justified.
+
+We aim to minimise our exposure to upstream changes by using a minimal number of dependencies.
+This also serves to reduce the bloat of a cluster installation and improve installation times.
+Consequently, the addition of any new dependencies must be thoroughly justified, with evidence of research into alternative options and comparisons between them.
+
+
+### React
+
+🧾 Time Immemorial
+
+> Our web stack uses ReactJS
+
+We require a reactive website for our control panel, and ReactJS was selected due to its widespread use and familiarity.
+Switching away from React for any reason would represent a significant undertaking.
+
+
+### Separation of Host and Controller
+
+🧾 Time Immemorial
+
+> The primary application locations are Control (web and cli), Controller, and Host.
+> Therefore the core packages are: `ctl` `controller` `host`. There are two libaray packages `lib` and `web_ui`.
+> Additionally `create` exists to provide easy creation of a cluster.
+
+A single application to perform all the duties of a cluster would complicate the reasoning and maintenance of the project, so we decided to split it into several packages.
+The primary components of a cluster include servers connected to an instance, which runs on a host that connects to the controller, whose configuration is managed via a control connection from a CLI or web portal.
+Based on this structure, we found it logical to divide the packages according to their installation location, resulting in `ctl`, `controller`, and `host`, with shared code separated into `lib` and `web_ui` depending on where it is utilised.
+The additional `create` package is used by `npm create` to provide a user-friendly installation process.
+
+
+### TypeScript
+
+🧾 6th August 2023 | [Github PR #491](https://github.com/clusterio/clusterio/issues/491)
+
+> We use TypeScript as our language of choice.
+
+We previously used JavaScript and switched to TypeScript to provide a robust type system.
+Transitioning to any other langauge would be too significant an undertaking.
+Initially, we supported multiple languages for plugins, including Rust and Go; however, this approach was quickly abandoned due to its complexity.
+
+
+### Webpack
+
+🧾 Time Immemorial
+
+> Our web stack uses Webpack and associated plugins.
+
+We required a bundler for our web build, and at the time, Webpack was the standard.
+While we have considered alternatives since, transitioning to another solution would be a significant undertaking.
+
+
+## Supportability
+
+### Breaking Changes
+
+🧾 Time Immemorial
+
+> We follow symver versioning for breaking changes.
+> In our alpha stage, we allow every alpha to contain breaking changes as long as their are documented and provide migration actions.
+> Once we enter beta, breaking changes will be more restricted.
+
+We aim to be highly transparent with breaking changes and maintain compatibility with as many existing installations as possible.
+However, as we are currently in the alpha stage, things are unstable, and breaking changes occur frequently.
+As such, we have decided to document all breaking changes and provide migration steps where the changes are non-trivial.
+Once we enter the beta stage, we will implement stricter restrictions on breaking changes.
+
+
+### Distribution
+
+🧾 Time Immemorial
+
+> We use `git` and `pnpm` for development distribution.
+> We use `npm` and the factorio mod portal for production distribution.
+
+We need to distribute both production builds and development source code for the project.
+By necessity, we use `npm` and the Factorio Mod Portal to distribute our production builds.
+For development, we rely on `git` and GitHub, which are industry standards, while using `pnpm` as a more efficient variant of `npm` for development installations.
+Although bun was considered upon its release, we were not convinced it was the right choice.
+
+
+### Factorio
+
+🧾 26th October 2024 | [Discord Discussion](https://discord.com/channels/450361298220351489/450361298220351491/1299637042350653461)
+
+> We actively provide full support for the last two major versions of Factorio.
+> This approach does not follow semantic versioning; instead, it follows the "middle" versions: 2.1 > 2.0 > 1.1 > 1.0 > 0.18 > 0.17.
+> We offer passive support for all versions from 0.17 onwards, where implementation is trivial and does not impose restrictions on our actively supported versions.
+
+Following the 2.0 update of Factorio, which introduced a large number of breaking changes, we needed to reconsider which versions would be actively supported, as it was no longer trivial to support all versions.
+Anticipating that future breaking changes would also be significant, and assuming the majority of players would update to the latest stable version upon release, we decided to support the latest stable version and the previous major version that introduced breaking changes.
+Support for other versions will not be removed if they have already been implemented and do not impose restrictions on our ability to support newer versions.
+
+
+### General Support
+
+🧾 Time Immemorial
+
+> We provide full support via GitHub and our Discord server for the latest published version of Clusterio, as well as assistance with migrating from the previous published version.
+> However, we do not offer any guarantees with our support; we assist when time permits and may not be able to resolve every issue.
+> Additionally, while we offer support in setting up development workspaces and guidance for plugin development, we do not provide support for those running development builds as production instances.
+
+We aim to support as many users of Clusterio as possible in setting up and using the platform for a variety of purposes, including setting up production instances, development workspaces, and providing guidance on plugin development.
+However, our time to work on Clusterio is limited, and even more so our ability to offer support.
+As such, we cannot assist with every issue and must set reasonable restrictions to ensure expectations are aligned.
+Consequently, we do not offer any guarantees for our support, but we strive to provide as much assistance as possible for those setting up or running the latest published version.
+Additionally, we support users in setting up development workspaces, as the more people willing to contribute, the better.
+
+
+### NodeJS
+
+🧾 Time Immemorial
+
+> We support all LTS versions of NodeJS in their active and maintenance phases.
+
+Our options were: supporting all versions, supporting all active versions, supporting all LTS versions, or supporting only the latest version.
+As we aim to provide a stable, production-ready tool while still limiting the number of versions we need to manage, we chose to support all LTS versions because NodeJS can be installed by the majority of linux distro package managers which will always offer at least one LTS version.
+
+
+### Operating Systems
+
+🧾 Time Immemorial
+
+> We support all major versions of Windows, Linux, and MacOS.
+This is largely inpart to our use of NodeJS and is not a guarantee from us.
+
+Our choice of Node.js has enabled us to support all major operating systems with minimal effort on our part.
+Nevertheless, there have been instances where code paths have diverged between systems, and we have attempted to maintain support for as many systems as possible.
+However, this is not a priority, and such support has often been reactive or provided by external contributors.
+
+
+## Testing
+
+### Continuous Integration
+
+🧾 Time Immemorial
+
+> We run unit and integration tests through GitHub CI actions as well as test coverage through CodeCov.
+
+Continuous integration actions in GitHub are a valuable tool that we use to assist with the review of pull requests from both maintainers and contributors.
+While we aim to increase the number of useful checks performed by CI in the future, this is not a priority over the development of new features.
+
+
+### Continuous Deployment
+
+🧾 Time Immemorial
+
+> We do not use any CD actions, and have no plans of implementing them.
+
+Unlike CI, we do not find continuous deployment useful at our current stage of the project.
+This is due to the frequent breaking changes merged into the main branch, which we prefer to bundle together as a single version.
+In the future, we may automate the deployment process, but it will always require manual activation.
+
+
+### Mocha
+
+🧾 Time Immemorial
+
+> We use Mocha for testing and CodeCov for coverage.
+
+We chose Mocha because it was a good fit when we selected it.
+However, we are always looking for a better framework which is worth the effort of switching.
+
+
+### Version Matrix
+
+🧾 Time Immemorial
+
+> We perform all tests through GitHub actions using Ubuntu latest, using all supported versions of node and all supported versions of factorio.
+
+We perform tests on all versions of NodeJS and Factorio that we support.
+However, we do not conduct tests on all supported operating systems, as the added demand on our testing resources would be significant, and the value it would provide for a cross-platform engine like NodeJS would be limited.
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ There's also the `add_libraries` function exported by event_handler, which accep
 ## Communicating with Clusterio

 Clusterio uses a homebrew protocol based on sending JSON payloads over a WebSocket connection.
-See [socket.md](socket.md) for the implementation details of it.
+See [protocol.md](devs/protocol.md) for the implementation details of it.

 It's also possible to write a plugin for Clusterio that exposes a custom interface over HTTP, WebSocket or any other technology supported by Node.js.

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # Protocol

 Clusterio communicates using a simple homebrew message passing protocol based on JSON over WebSocket with limited support for reliable transport of messages.
-The protocol is implemented in [packages/lib/link](/packages/lib/link) and uses the `ws` library to handle the WebSocket connections on the Node.js side and the native WebSocket API on the browser side.
+The protocol is implemented in [packages/lib/src/link](/packages/lib/src/link) and uses the `ws` library to handle the WebSocket connections on the Node.js side and the native WebSocket API on the browser side.

 Two general kinds of messages are supported: events and requests.
 Events are messages sent by one party and received by the other and offer no notification for the sender on whether it was actually received.
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ Events are messages send in one direction over the link, that the receiver is ex
 By convention message types ending in `*_event` are events.
 The data payload of an event consists solely of event specific properties.

-See [packages/lib/link/messages.js](/packages/lib/link/messages.js) for the recognized core events and their contents.
+See [packages/lib/src/link/messages.ts](/packages/lib/src/link/messages.ts) for the recognized core events and their contents.
 Plugins may defined their own events as well.

 #### `*_event`
@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ They function a lot like HTTP requests except that both parties of a connection
 By convention message types ending in `*_request` are requests, and is expected to be replied to with a corresponding `*_response` message.
 If an error occured while processing the request an error response containing an error property in the data payload is sent instead.

-See [packages/lib/link/messages.js](/packages/lib/link/messages.js) for the recognized core requests and their contents.
+See [packages/lib/src/link/messages.ts](/packages/lib/src/link/messages.ts) for the recognized core requests and their contents.
 Plugins may define their own requests as well.

 #### `*_request`
@@ -28,6 +28,21 @@ Generate a token for a host. `--id` is the host id.

 Create a host config. `--id` id the host id. `--name` is the host name. `--generate-token` decides whether to also generate a token, defaulting to `0`. `--output` is the filename for the output of the config; Default is "config-host.json", "-" for stdout.

+### Update Clusterio
+
+    ctl> host update [--id <host id>] [--name <host name>] [--restart]
+
+If remote updates are enabled on the host, this will attempt to update `@clusterio/host` on the machine. Changes will not be applied until the host is restarted. If the `--restart` flag is provided, the host will automatically restart once the update is complete.
+
+Remote updates are enabled by default but can be disabled on a per-machine basis at the owner's discretion. For security reasons, this configuration setting cannot be changed remotely. To modify it, run the following command locally while the host is offline:
+
+    host> config set host.allow_remote_updates true/false
+
+The controller also supports remote updates, following the same logic. The corresponding commands are:
+
+    ctl> controller update [--restart]
+    controller> config set controller.allow_remote_updates true/false
+
 ## Instances

 ### List Instances
@@ -199,3 +214,50 @@ Note: If the player joins the cluster again a new account will be made for them
 ## Roles

 To be written.
+
+
+## Plugins (Local)
+
+To be written.
+
+
+## Plugins (Remote)
+
+By default, remote updates are enabled unless you selected "no" during installation.
+Remote updates allow ctl and the web UI to update plugins on machines within the cluster.
+However, remote installations are disabled by default to prevent the risk of arbitrary code execution through the installation of malicious npm packages onto the machine. See below if you wish to enable this feature.
+
+### List
+
+    ctl> controller plugin list
+    ctl> host plugin list <host>
+
+This command lists all plugins currently known to the remote. Newly installed plugins will not be displayed until the remote is restarted. Plugins that are distributed as an npm package can be updated remotely.
+
+### Update
+
+    ctl> controller plugin update <name> [--restart]
+    ctl> host plugin update <host> <name> [--restart]
+
+If remote plugin updates are enabled on the remote, this will execute `npm update --save <name>`. Changes will not be applied until the remote is restarted. If the `--restart` flag is provided, the remote will automatically restart once the update is complete.
+
+### Install
+
+    ctl> controller plugin install <name> [--restart]
+    ctl> host plugin install <host> <name> [--restart]
+
+If remote plugin installs are enabled on the remote, this will execute `npm install --save <name>`. Changes will not be applied until the remote is restarted. If the `--restart` flag is provided, the remote will automatically restart once the update is complete.
+
+### Enable/Disable Updates
+
+    host> config set host.allow_plugin_updates true/false
+    controller> config set controller.allow_plugin_updates true/false
+
+Remote updates are enabled by default but can be disabled on a per-machine basis at the owner's discretion. For security reasons, this configuration setting cannot be changed remotely. To modify it, run the above commands locally while the remote is offline.
+
+### Enable/Disable Installs
+
+    host> config set host.allow_plugin_install true/false
+    controller> config set controller.allow_plugin_install true/false
+
+Remote installs are disabled by default but can be enabled on a per-machine basis at the owner's discretion. For security reasons, this configuration setting cannot be changed remotely. To modify it, run the above commands locally while the remote is offline.
@@ -10,6 +10,10 @@ You can do this by running the follow RCON command on an instance that is curren

    /sc local m={name="pack",description="",factorio_version=game.active_mods.base,mods={},settings={startup={},["runtime-global"]={},["runtime-per-user"]={}}} for n,v in pairs(game.active_mods) do table.insert(m.mods,{name=n,enabled=true,version=v}) end local function set(s,c) for n,v in pairs(s) do m.settings[c][n]=v end end set(settings.startup,"startup") set(settings.global,"runtime-global") if game.player then set(game.player.mod_settings,"runtime-per-user") else set(settings.player,"runtime-per-user") end local e=game.encode_string(game.table_to_json(m)) log(e) rcon.print(e)

+If you for some reason want to run this function in 2.0+, use the following command:
+
+    /sc local a={name="pack",description="",factorio_version=script.active_mods.base,mods={},settings={startup={},["runtime-global"]={},["runtime-per-user"]={}}}for b,c in pairs(script.active_mods)do table.insert(a.mods,{name=b,enabled=true,version=c})end;local function d(e,f)for b,c in pairs(e)do a.settings[f][b]=c end end;d(settings.startup,"startup")d(settings.global,"runtime-global")if game.player then d(game.player.mod_settings,"runtime-per-user")else d(settings.player,"runtime-per-user")end;local g=helpers.encode_string(helpers.table_to_json(a))log(g)rcon.print(g)
+
 This should produce a [Mod Pack String](https://forums.factorio.com/viewtopic.php?f=96&t=103578) which you need to copy and paste somewhere to keep it for later.
 Mod Pack strings looks something like this:

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+# Release workflow
+
+## Update changelog
+
+- CHANGELOG.md in the repository root
+- The changelog.txt file in mod directories
+
+Pull requests will usually have suggestions for changelog entries.
+
+## Packages
+
+> [!NOTE]
+> You will need commit access to the repository as well publish access to the @clusterio org on npm to do this.
+
+1. Ensure you are on the latest version of master branch with no untracked files
+
+    ```sh
+    git switch master
+    git pull --ff-only upstream master
+    git status
+    ```
+
+2. Bump the version in the `package.json` files
+
+    ```sh
+    sed -i 's/2\.0\.0-alpha\.XX/2\.0\.0-alpha\.YY/' {packages,plugins}/*/package.json
+    ````
+
+3. Tag and push the release to github
+
+    ```sh
+    git add -p
+    git commit -m v2.0.0-alpha.XX
+    git tag v2.0.0-alpha.XX
+    ```
+
+4. Perform a clean install and publish the packages.
+
+    ```sh
+    pnpm clean
+    pnpm -r --filter='./{plugins,packages}/*' publish
+    ```
+
+## Plugins
+
+1. Bump the version in the `package.json` file
+2. Run `pnpm install` in the repository root
+3. Run `pnpm adduser` to authenticate
+4. Run `pnpm publish` in the plugin/package directory
+
+Before confirming the publish, ensure the packed size is approximately the same size as the last version (or within the expected size)
+
+After publishing, test creating and installing the plugin on a fresh install.
+
+## Lua mods
+
+To publish lua mods like clusterio_lib, start by building from source:
+
+```sh
+pnpm run build-mod
+```
+
+or download the latest artifacts from the CI. When uploading the mods to the mod portal, make sure the latest version is the last version uploaded, as the game/mod portal/ingame updater isn't consistent in how it figures out the "latest version"
+
+## Release notes
+
+Release notes are expected to be published alongside new releases. We use the github releases system as well as posting in the #announcements channel on the discord. Major releases may warrant a ping.
@@ -1,116 +1,47 @@
-"use strict";
-module.exports = {
-	"plugins": [
-		"@typescript-eslint",
-		"node",
-	],
-	"root": true,
-	"env": {
-		"node": true,
-		"commonjs": true,
-		"es2022": true,
+import {
+	defineConfig,
+	globalIgnores,
+} from "eslint/config";
+
+import typescriptEslint from "@typescript-eslint/eslint-plugin";
+import node from "eslint-plugin-node";
+import globals from "globals";
+import tsParser from "@typescript-eslint/parser";
+import js from "@eslint/js";
+import stylistic from "@stylistic/eslint-plugin";
+
+import {
+	FlatCompat,
+} from "@eslint/eslintrc";
+
+const compat = new FlatCompat({
+	baseDirectory: import.meta.dirname,
+	recommendedConfig: js.configs.recommended,
+	allConfig: js.configs.all,
+});
+
+export default defineConfig([{
+	plugins: {
+		"@typescript-eslint": typescriptEslint,
+		"@stylistic": stylistic,
+		node,
 	},

-	"overrides": [
-		{
-			"files": ["{packages,plugins}/**/*.ts?(x)"],
-			"parser": "@typescript-eslint/parser",
-			"extends": [
-				"plugin:@typescript-eslint/recommended",
-			],
-			"rules": {
-				"@typescript-eslint/no-explicit-any": "off",
-				"@typescript-eslint/no-useless-constructor": "error",
-				"@typescript-eslint/no-unused-vars": "off",
-				"@typescript-eslint/triple-slash-reference": "off",
-				"prefer-const": "off",
-			},
+	languageOptions: {
+		globals: {
+			...globals.node,
+			...globals.commonjs,
 		},
-		{
-			"files": ["test/**/*.js", "plugins/*/test/**/*.js"],
-			"env": {
-				"mocha": "true",
-			},
-			"parserOptions": { sourceType: "commonjs" },
-			"rules": {
-				"prefer-arrow-callback": "off",
-				"no-invalid-this": "off",
-				"valid-jsdoc": "off",
-				"node/no-unpublished-import": "off",
-				"node/no-unpublished-require": "off",
-			},
-		},
-		{
-			"files": [
-				"packages/web_ui/src/**/*.ts?(x)",
-				"packages/lib/browser.ts",
-				"packages/create/templates/*/web/**/*.{t,j}s?(x)",
-				"{packages,plugins}/*/web/**/*.ts?(x)",
-			],
-			"env": {
-				"browser": true,
-			},
-			"parserOptions": {
-				"sourceType": "module",
-				"ecmaFeatures": {
-					"jsx": true,
-				},
-			},
-			"rules": {
-				"node/callback-return": "off",
-				"node/exports-style": "off",
-				"node/file-extension-in-import": "off",
-				"node/global-require": "off",
-				"node/handle-callback-err": "off",
-				"node/no-callback-literal": "off",
-				"node/no-deprecated-api": "off",
-				"node/no-exports-assign": "off",
-				"node/no-extraneous-import": "off",
-				"node/no-extraneous-require": "off",
-				"node/no-missing-import": "off",
-				"node/no-missing-require": "off",
-				"node/no-mixed-requires": "off",
-				"node/no-new-require": "off",
-				"node/no-path-concat": "off",
-				"node/no-process-env": "off",
-				"node/no-process-exit": "off",
-				"node/no-restricted-require": "off",
-				"node/no-sync": "off",
-				"node/no-unpublished-bin": "off",
-				"node/no-unpublished-import": "off",
-				"node/no-unpublished-require": "off",
-				"node/no-unsupported-features/es-builtins": "off",
-				"node/no-unsupported-features/es-syntax": "off",
-				"node/no-unsupported-features/node-builtins": "off",
-				"node/prefer-global/buffer": "off",
-				"node/prefer-global/console": "off",
-				"node/prefer-global/process": "off",
-				"node/prefer-global/text-decoder": "off",
-				"node/prefer-global/text-encoder": "off",
-				"node/prefer-global/url-search-params": "off",
-				"node/prefer-global/url": "off",
-				"node/prefer-promises/dns": "off",
-				"node/prefer-promises/fs": "off",
-				"node/process-exit-as-throw": "off",
-				"node/shebang": "off",
-			},
-		},
-		{
-			"files": [
-				"packages/create/templates/**/*.{t,j}s?(x)",
-			],
-			"rules": {
-				"node/no-missing-require": "off",
-				"node/no-missing-import": "off",
-				"spaced-comment": "off",
-				"comma-spacing": "off",
-				"max-len": "off",
-				"indent": "off",
-			},
-		},
-	],
+	},

 	"rules": {
+		"@stylistic/indent": ["error", "tab", {
+			"ignoredNodes": [
+				"JSXFragment", // TODO: Linter crashes if this is removed
+			],
+			"ignoreComments": true,
+			"SwitchCase": 1, // Indent case statements one level from switch
+		}],
 		"accessor-pairs": "error",
 		"array-bracket-newline": "off",
 		"array-bracket-spacing": ["error", "never"],
@@ -118,26 +49,34 @@ module.exports = {
 		"array-element-newline": "off",
 		"arrow-body-style": "error",
 		"arrow-parens": "off",
-		"arrow-spacing": ["error", { "after": true, "before": true }],
+
+		"arrow-spacing": ["error", {
+			"after": true,
+			"before": true,
+		}],
+
 		"block-scoped-var": "error",
 		"block-spacing": "error",
-		"brace-style": ["error", "1tbs", { "allowSingleLine": true }],
+
+		"brace-style": ["error", "1tbs", {
+			"allowSingleLine": true,
+		}],
+
 		"camelcase": "off",
 		"capitalized-comments": "off",
 		"class-methods-use-this": "off",
-		"comma-dangle": [
-			"error",
-			{
-				"arrays": "always-multiline",
-				"objects": "always-multiline",
-				"imports": "always-multiline",
-				"exports": "always-multiline",
-				"functions": "only-multiline",
-			},
-		],
+
+		"comma-dangle": ["error", {
+			"arrays": "always-multiline",
+			"objects": "always-multiline",
+			"imports": "always-multiline",
+			"exports": "always-multiline",
+			"functions": "only-multiline",
+		}],
+
 		"comma-spacing": "error",
 		"comma-style": ["error", "last"],
-		"complexity": "error",
+		"complexity": ["error", { "max": 25 }],
 		"computed-property-spacing": ["error", "never"],
 		"consistent-return": "error",
 		"consistent-this": "error",
@@ -146,27 +85,36 @@ module.exports = {
 		"default-case-last": "error",
 		"default-param-last": "off",
 		"dot-location": ["error", "property"],
-		"dot-notation": ["error", { "allowPattern": "^[a-z]+(_[a-z]+)*$" }],
+
+		"dot-notation": ["error", {
+			"allowPattern": "^[a-z]+(_[a-z]+)*$",
+		}],
+
 		"eol-last": "error",
 		"eqeqeq": "error",
 		"func-call-spacing": "error",
 		"func-name-matching": "error",
 		"func-names": "off",
+
 		"func-style": ["error", "declaration", {
-			// Allow arrow functions as it better expresses referencing this
-			// of the containing scope, which is unweilding in plain functions.
 			"allowArrowFunctions": true,
 		}],
+
 		"function-call-argument-newline": "off",
 		"function-paren-newline": "off",
-		"generator-star-spacing": ["error", { "before": false, "after": true }],
+
+		"generator-star-spacing": ["error", {
+			"before": false,
+			"after": true,
+		}],
+
 		"grouped-accessor-pairs": "error",
 		"guard-for-in": "error",
 		"id-blacklist": "error",
 		"id-length": "off",
 		"id-match": "error",
 		"implicit-arrow-linebreak": "error",
-		"indent": ["error", "tab", { "SwitchCase": 1 }],
+
 		"indent-legacy": "off",
 		"init-declarations": "off",
 		"jsx-quotes": "error",
@@ -176,10 +124,18 @@ module.exports = {
 		"linebreak-style": ["error", "unix"],
 		"lines-around-comment": "off",
 		"lines-around-directive": "off",
-		"lines-between-class-members": ["error", "always", { "exceptAfterSingleLine": true }],
+
+		"lines-between-class-members": ["error", "always", {
+			"exceptAfterSingleLine": true,
+		}],
+
 		"max-classes-per-file": "off",
 		"max-depth": "error",
-		"max-len": ["error", { "code": 120 }],
+
+		"max-len": ["error", {
+			"code": 120,
+		}],
+
 		"max-lines": "off",
 		"max-lines-per-function": "off",
 		"max-nested-callbacks": "error",
@@ -188,10 +144,12 @@ module.exports = {
 		"max-statements-per-line": "off",
 		"multiline-comment-style": ["error", "separate-lines"],
 		"multiline-ternary": "off",
+
 		"new-cap": ["error", {
-			"capIsNewExceptions": ["StringEnum"],
+			"capIsNewExceptions": ["StringEnum", "StringKey"],
 			"capIsNewExceptionPattern": "^Type\\.",
 		}],
+
 		"new-parens": "error",
 		"newline-after-var": "off",
 		"newline-before-return": "off",
@@ -205,7 +163,11 @@ module.exports = {
 		"no-catch-shadow": "off",
 		"no-confusing-arrow": "error",
 		"no-console": "error",
-		"no-constant-condition": ["error", { "checkLoops": false }],
+
+		"no-constant-condition": ["error", {
+			"checkLoops": false,
+		}],
+
 		"no-constructor-return": "error",
 		"no-continue": "off",
 		"no-div-regex": "error",
@@ -230,16 +192,15 @@ module.exports = {
 		"no-lonely-if": "error",
 		"no-loop-func": "error",
 		"no-magic-numbers": "off",
-		"no-mixed-operators": [
-			"error",
-			{
-				"groups": [
-					["&", "|", "^", "~", "<<", ">>", ">>>"],
-					["==", "!=", "===", "!==", ">", ">=", "<", "<="],
-					["in", "instanceof"],
-				],
-			},
-		],
+
+		"no-mixed-operators": ["error", {
+			"groups": [
+				["&", "|", "^", "~", "<<", ">>", ">>>"],
+				["==", "!=", "===", "!==", ">", ">=", "<", "<="],
+				["in", "instanceof"],
+			],
+		}],
+
 		"no-multi-assign": "error",
 		"no-multi-spaces": "error",
 		"no-multi-str": "error",
@@ -254,7 +215,11 @@ module.exports = {
 		"no-new-wrappers": "error",
 		"no-octal-escape": "error",
 		"no-param-reassign": "off",
-		"no-plusplus": ["error", { "allowForLoopAfterthoughts": true }],
+
+		"no-plusplus": ["error", {
+			"allowForLoopAfterthoughts": true,
+		}],
+
 		"no-proto": "error",
 		"no-restricted-exports": "error",
 		"no-restricted-globals": "error",
@@ -266,9 +231,15 @@ module.exports = {
 		"no-script-url": "error",
 		"no-self-compare": "error",
 		"no-sequences": "error",
-		"no-shadow": ["error", { "allow": ["Event", "Request", "yargs"] }],
+
+		"no-shadow": ["error", {
+			"allow": ["Event", "Request", "yargs"],
+		}],
+
 		"no-spaced-func": "error",
-		"no-tabs": ["error", { "allowIndentationTabs": true }],
+
+		"no-tabs": "off",
+
 		"no-template-curly-in-string": "error",
 		"no-ternary": "off",
 		"no-throw-literal": "error",
@@ -287,7 +258,11 @@ module.exports = {
 		"no-useless-rename": "error",
 		"no-useless-return": "error",
 		"no-var": "error",
-		"no-void": ["error", { "allowAsStatement": true }],
+
+		"no-void": ["error", {
+			"allowAsStatement": true,
+		}],
+
 		"no-warning-comments": "off",
 		"no-whitespace-before-property": "error",
 		"nonblock-statement-body-position": "error",
@@ -297,6 +272,7 @@ module.exports = {
 		"one-var": "off",
 		"one-var-declaration-per-line": "error",
 		"operator-assignment": "off",
+
 		"operator-linebreak": ["error", "after", {
 			"overrides": {
 				"?": "before",
@@ -306,6 +282,7 @@ module.exports = {
 				"??": "before",
 			},
 		}],
+
 		"padded-blocks": "off",
 		"padding-line-between-statements": "error",
 		"prefer-arrow-callback": "error",
@@ -322,9 +299,13 @@ module.exports = {
 		"prefer-spread": "error",
 		"prefer-template": "error",
 		"quote-props": "off",
-		"quotes": ["error", "double", { "avoidEscape": true }],
+
+		"quotes": ["error", "double", {
+			"avoidEscape": true,
+		}],
+
 		"radix": ["error", "always"],
-		"require-atomic-updates": "off", // XXX Not sure why this triggers on process.title = ...
+		"require-atomic-updates": "off",
 		"require-await": "off",
 		"require-jsdoc": "off",
 		"require-unicode-regexp": "off",
@@ -340,73 +321,183 @@ module.exports = {
 		"space-in-parens": ["error", "never"],
 		"space-infix-ops": "off",
 		"space-unary-ops": "error",
+
 		"spaced-comment": ["error", "always", {
 			"line": {
 				"markers": ["/"],
 			},
 		}],
-		"strict": "error",
+
 		"switch-colon-spacing": "error",
 		"symbol-description": "error",
 		"template-curly-spacing": ["error", "never"],
 		"template-tag-spacing": "error",
 		"unicode-bom": ["error", "never"],
-		"valid-jsdoc": ["error", {
-			"requireReturn": false,
-			"requireReturnType": false,
-			"requireParamType": false,
-		}],
+
 		"vars-on-top": "error",
 		"wrap-iife": "error",
 		"wrap-regex": "off",
 		"yield-star-spacing": "error",
-		"yoda": ["error", "never", { "exceptRange": true }],
+
+		"yoda": ["error", "never", {
+			"exceptRange": true,
+		}],

 		"node/callback-return": "off",
 		"node/exports-style": "off",
 		"node/file-extension-in-import": "off",
 		"node/global-require": "off",
-		// Node.js callback passing style of (err, value) is not used in this project
 		"node/handle-callback-err": "off",
 		"node/no-callback-literal": "off",
-		"node/no-deprecated-api": "error",
-		"node/no-exports-assign": "error",
+		"node/no-deprecated-api": "off",
+		"node/no-exports-assign": "off",
 		"node/no-extraneous-import": "off",
 		"node/no-extraneous-require": "off",
-		"node/no-missing-import": ["error", {
-			"tryExtensions": [".js", ".ts"],
-		}],
-		"node/no-missing-require": "error",
-		"node/no-mixed-requires": "error",
-		"node/no-new-require": "error",
-		"node/no-path-concat": "error",
-		"node/no-process-env": "error",
-		"node/no-process-exit": "error",
+
+		"node/no-missing-import": "off",
+
+		"node/no-missing-require": "off",
+		"node/no-mixed-requires": "off",
+		"node/no-new-require": "off",
+		"node/no-path-concat": "off",
+		"node/no-process-env": "off",
+		"node/no-process-exit": "off",
 		"node/no-restricted-require": "off",
 		"node/no-sync": "error",
-		"node/no-unpublished-bin": "error",
-		"node/no-unpublished-import": "error",
-		"node/no-unpublished-require": [
-			"error",
-			{ "allowModules": ["webpack", "webpack-merge", "webpack-dev-middleware"] },
-		],
+		"node/no-unpublished-bin": "off",
+		"node/no-unpublished-import": "off",
+
+		"node/no-unpublished-require": "off",
+
 		"node/no-unsupported-features/es-builtins": "off",
 		"node/no-unsupported-features/es-syntax": "off",
 		"node/no-unsupported-features/node-builtins": "off",
-		"node/prefer-global/buffer": "error",
-		"node/prefer-global/console": "error",
-		"node/prefer-global/process": "error",
-		"node/prefer-global/text-decoder": "error",
-		"node/prefer-global/text-encoder": "error",
-		"node/prefer-global/url-search-params": "error",
-		"node/prefer-global/url": "error",
+		"node/prefer-global/buffer": "off",
+		"node/prefer-global/console": "off",
+		"node/prefer-global/process": "off",
+		"node/prefer-global/text-decoder": "off",
+		"node/prefer-global/text-encoder": "off",
+		"node/prefer-global/url-search-params": "off",
+		"node/prefer-global/url": "off",
 		"node/prefer-promises/dns": "off",
 		"node/prefer-promises/fs": "off",
-		"node/process-exit-as-throw": "error",
-		"node/shebang": ["error", {
-			"convertPath": {
-				"*.ts": ["^(.+)\\.ts$", "dist/node/$1.js"],
-			},
-		}],
+		"node/process-exit-as-throw": "off",
+
+		"node/shebang": "off",
 	},
-};
+}, {
+	files: ["{packages,plugins}/**/*.ts?(x)"],
+
+	languageOptions: {
+		parser: tsParser,
+	},
+
+	extends: compat.extends("plugin:@typescript-eslint/recommended"),
+
+	"rules": {
+		"@typescript-eslint/no-explicit-any": "off",
+		"@typescript-eslint/no-useless-constructor": "error",
+		"@typescript-eslint/no-unused-vars": "off",
+		"@typescript-eslint/triple-slash-reference": "off",
+
+		"@typescript-eslint/no-shadow": ["error", {
+			"allow": ["Event", "Request", "yargs"],
+		}],
+
+		// Allow require imports where necessary (dynamic loading, webpack configs, etc.)
+		"@typescript-eslint/no-require-imports": "off",
+
+		"prefer-const": "off",
+		"no-shadow": "off",
+	},
+}, {
+	files: ["test/**/*.js", "plugins/*/test/**/*.js"],
+
+	languageOptions: {
+		globals: {
+			...globals.mocha,
+		},
+
+		sourceType: "commonjs",
+		parserOptions: {},
+	},
+
+	"rules": {
+		"prefer-arrow-callback": "off",
+		"no-invalid-this": "off",
+		"node/no-unpublished-import": "off",
+		"node/no-unpublished-require": "off",
+	},
+}, {
+	files: [
+		"packages/web_ui/src/**/*.ts?(x)",
+		"packages/lib/browser.ts",
+		"packages/create/templates/*/web/**/*.{t,j}s?(x)",
+		"{packages,plugins}/*/web/**/*.ts?(x)",
+	],
+
+	languageOptions: {
+		globals: {
+			...globals.browser,
+		},
+
+		"sourceType": "module",
+
+		parserOptions: {
+			"ecmaFeatures": {
+				"jsx": true,
+			},
+		},
+	},
+
+	"rules": {
+		"node/callback-return": "off",
+		"node/exports-style": "off",
+		"node/file-extension-in-import": "off",
+		"node/global-require": "off",
+		"node/handle-callback-err": "off",
+		"node/no-callback-literal": "off",
+		"node/no-deprecated-api": "off",
+		"node/no-exports-assign": "off",
+		"node/no-extraneous-import": "off",
+		"node/no-extraneous-require": "off",
+		"node/no-missing-import": "off",
+		"node/no-missing-require": "off",
+		"node/no-mixed-requires": "off",
+		"node/no-new-require": "off",
+		"node/no-path-concat": "off",
+		"node/no-process-env": "off",
+		"node/no-process-exit": "off",
+		"node/no-restricted-require": "off",
+		"node/no-sync": "error",
+		"node/no-unpublished-bin": "off",
+		"node/no-unpublished-import": "off",
+		"node/no-unpublished-require": "off",
+		"node/no-unsupported-features/es-builtins": "off",
+		"node/no-unsupported-features/es-syntax": "off",
+		"node/no-unsupported-features/node-builtins": "off",
+		"node/prefer-global/buffer": "off",
+		"node/prefer-global/console": "off",
+		"node/prefer-global/process": "off",
+		"node/prefer-global/text-decoder": "off",
+		"node/prefer-global/text-encoder": "off",
+		"node/prefer-global/url-search-params": "off",
+		"node/prefer-global/url": "off",
+		"node/prefer-promises/dns": "off",
+		"node/prefer-promises/fs": "off",
+		"node/process-exit-as-throw": "off",
+		"node/shebang": "off",
+	},
+}, {
+	files: ["packages/create/templates/**/*.{t,j}s?(x)"],
+
+	"rules": {
+		"node/no-missing-require": "off",
+		"node/no-missing-import": "off",
+		"@stylistic/indent": "off",
+		"spaced-comment": "off",
+		"comma-spacing": "off",
+		"max-len": "off",
+		"indent": "off",
+	},
+}, globalIgnores(["**/dist/", "dist/"])]);
@@ -1,16 +1,23 @@
 {
 	"name": "root",
 	"private": true,
+	"files": [],
+	"packageManager": "pnpm@10.28.1+sha512.7d7dbbca9e99447b7c3bf7a73286afaaf6be99251eb9498baefa7d406892f67b879adb3a1d7e687fc4ccc1a388c7175fbaae567a26ab44d1067b54fcb0d6a316",
 	"scripts": {
 		"build": "tsc --build",
 		"watch": "tsc --build --watch",
-		"test": "pnpm run build && mocha --check-leaks -R spec --recursive test \"plugins/*/test/**\" --exclude \"test/manual/**\"",
+		"build-mod": "pnpm run -r build-mod --output-dir ../../dist",
+		"test": "pnpm run build && mocha --enable-source-maps --check-leaks -R spec --recursive test \"plugins/*/test/**\" --exclude \"test/manual/**\"",
+		"silent-test": "SILENT_TEST=y pnpm test",
 		"fast-test": "FAST_TEST=y pnpm test",
 		"cover": "nyc pnpm test",
 		"fast-cover": "FAST_TEST=y nyc pnpm test",
 		"ci-cover": "nyc --reporter=lcovonly pnpm run-script test",
 		"lint": "eslint packages plugins test",
 		"lint-fix": "eslint --fix packages plugins test",
+		"clean": "node ./clean.js fast",
+		"clean-tests": "node ./clean.js tests",
+		"clean-all": "node ./clean.js all",
 		"docs": "typedoc",
 		"bundle-dependencies": "bundle-dependencies"
 	},
@@ -21,27 +28,39 @@
 		]
 	},
 	"engines": {
-		"node": ">=18"
+		"node": ">=20"
 	},
+	"workspaces": [
+		"packages/*",
+		"plugins/*",
+		"external_plugins/*",
+		"external_plugins/*/*"
+	],
 	"devDependencies": {
 		"@clusterio/controller": "workspace:*",
 		"@clusterio/ctl": "workspace:*",
 		"@clusterio/host": "workspace:*",
 		"@clusterio/lib": "workspace:*",
-		"@swc/core": "^1.4.0",
-		"@typescript-eslint/eslint-plugin": "^6.4.1",
-		"@typescript-eslint/parser": "^6.4.1",
-		"eslint": "^8.45.0",
+		"@clusterio/web_ui": "workspace:*",
+		"@eslint/eslintrc": "^3.3.1",
+		"@eslint/js": "^9.32.0",
+		"@stylistic/eslint-plugin": "^5.2.2",
+		"@swc/core": "^1.13.3",
+		"@typescript-eslint/eslint-plugin": "^8.38.0",
+		"@typescript-eslint/parser": "^8.38.0",
+		"eslint": "^9.32.0",
 		"eslint-plugin-node": "^11.1.0",
-		"express": "^4.18.2",
-		"form-data": "^4.0.0",
-		"fs-extra": "^11.1.1",
-		"jsonwebtoken": "^9.0.1",
-		"jszip": "^3.10.0",
-		"mocha": "^10.2.0",
-		"nyc": "^15.1.0",
-		"phin": "^3.7.0",
-		"typedoc": "^0.24.8",
-		"typescript": "^5.1.6"
+		"express": "^5.1.0",
+		"form-data": "^4.0.4",
+		"fs-extra": "^11.3.0",
+		"globals": "^16.3.0",
+		"jsonwebtoken": "^9.0.2",
+		"jszip": "^3.10.1",
+		"mocha": "^11.7.1",
+		"nyc": "^17.1.0",
+		"phin": "^3.7.1",
+		"typedoc": "^0.28.9",
+		"typescript": "^5.9.2",
+		"yargs": "^18.0.0"
 	}
 }
@@ -66,9 +66,9 @@ void new lib.Gauge(
 			if (!controller || !controller.hosts) {
 				return;
 			}
-			for (let [id, host] of controller.hosts) {
+			for (const host of controller.hosts.values()) {
 				gauge.labels({
-					host_id: String(id),
+					host_id: String(host.id),
 					host_name: host.name,
 				}).set(1);
 			};
@@ -86,9 +86,9 @@ void new lib.Gauge(
 			if (!controller || !controller.instances) {
 				return;
 			}
-			for (let [id, instance] of controller.instances) {
+			for (const instance of controller.instances.values()) {
 				gauge.labels({
-					instance_id: String(id),
+					instance_id: String(instance.id),
 					instance_name: String(instance.config.get("instance.name")),
 					host_id: String(instance.config.get("instance.assigned_host")),
 				}).set(1);
@@ -127,37 +127,49 @@ void new lib.Gauge(

 async function handleBootstrapCommand(
 	args: any,
-	controllerConfig: lib.ControllerConfig
+	controllerConfig: lib.ControllerConfig,
+	controllerConfigLock: lib.LockFile,
 ): Promise<void> {
 	let subCommand = args._[1];
-	let userManager = new UserManager(controllerConfig);
-	await userManager.load(path.join(controllerConfig.get("controller.database_directory"), "users.json"));
+
+	const databaseDirectory = controllerConfig.get("controller.database_directory");
+	const roles = new lib.SubscribableDatastore(...await new lib.JsonIdDatastoreProvider(
+		path.join(databaseDirectory, "roles.json"),
+		lib.Role.fromJSON.bind(lib.Role),
+	).bootstrap());
+
+	const userManager = new UserManager(controllerConfig, roles);
+	await userManager.load(path.join(databaseDirectory, "users.json"));
+
 	if (subCommand === "create-admin") {
+		await controllerConfigLock.acquire(); // Also needed to write to the database files
+
 		if (!args.name) {
 			logger.error("name cannot be blank");
 			process.exitCode = 1;
 			return;
 		}

-		let admin = userManager.users.get(args.name);
+		let admin = userManager.getByName(args.name);
 		if (!admin) {
 			admin = userManager.createUser(args.name);
 		}

-		let adminRole = lib.ensureDefaultAdminRole(userManager.roles);
+		let adminRole = lib.ensureDefaultAdminRole(roles);
 		admin.roleIds.add(adminRole.id);
 		admin.isAdmin = true;
 		await userManager.save(path.join(controllerConfig.get("controller.database_directory"), "users.json"));
+		await controllerConfigLock.release();

 	} else if (subCommand === "generate-user-token") {
-		let user = userManager.users.get(args.name);
+		let user = userManager.getByName(args.name);
 		if (!user) {
 			logger.error(`No user named '${args.name}'`);
 			process.exitCode = 1;
 			return;
 		}
 		// eslint-disable-next-line no-console
-		console.log(userManager.signUserToken(user.name));
+		console.log(userManager.signUserToken(user));

 	} else if (subCommand === "generate-host-token") {
 		// eslint-disable-next-line no-console
@@ -167,7 +179,7 @@ async function handleBootstrapCommand(
 		));

 	} else if (subCommand === "create-ctl-config") {
-		let admin = userManager.users.get(args.name);
+		let admin = userManager.getByName(args.name);
 		if (!admin) {
 			logger.error(`No user named '${args.name}'`);
 			process.exitCode = 1;
@@ -178,7 +190,7 @@ async function handleBootstrapCommand(
 		controlConfig.set("control.controller_url", Controller.calculateControllerUrl(controllerConfig));
 		controlConfig.set(
 			"control.controller_token",
-			userManager.signUserToken(admin.name),
+			userManager.signUserToken(admin),
 		);

 		let content = JSON.stringify(controlConfig, null, "\t");
@@ -210,7 +222,6 @@ interface InitializeParameters {
 	shouldRun: boolean;
 	clusterLogger: winston.Logger;
 	pluginInfos: lib.PluginNodeEnvInfo[] | null;
-	controllerConfigPath: string | null;
 	controllerConfig: lib.ControllerConfig | null;
 }

@@ -244,12 +255,17 @@ async function initialize(): Promise<InitializeParameters> {
 			default: "plugin-list.json",
 			type: "string",
 		})
+		.option("bypass-lock-file", { hidden: true, type: "boolean", nargs: 0, default: false })
 		.command("plugin", "Manage available plugins", lib.pluginCommand)
 		.command("config", "Manage Controller config", lib.configCommand)
 		.command("bootstrap", "Bootstrap access to cluster", yargs => {
 			yargs
-				.command("create-admin <name>", "Create a cluster admin")
-				.command("generate-user-token <name>", "Generate authentication token for the given user")
+				.command("create-admin <name>", "Create a cluster admin", yargs => {
+					yargs.positional("name", { describe: "Name of the admin user", type: "string" });
+				})
+				.command("generate-user-token <name>", "Generate authentication token for the given user", yargs => {
+					yargs.positional("name", { describe: "Name of the user", type: "string" });
+				})
 				.command("generate-host-token <id>", "Generate authentication token for the given host", yargs => {
 					yargs.positional("id", { describe: "ID of the host", type: "number" });
 				})
@@ -266,6 +282,11 @@ async function initialize(): Promise<InitializeParameters> {
 				type: "boolean", nargs: 0, default: false,
 				describe: "Indicate that a process monitor will restart the controller on failure",
 			});
+			yargs.option("recovery", {
+				type: "boolean", nargs: 0, default: false,
+				describe: "Start the controller in recovery mode with all plugins disabled and hosts disconnected",
+			});
+			yargs.option("check-user-count", { hidden: true, type: "boolean", nargs: 0, default: true });
 			yargs.option("dev", { hidden: true, type: "boolean", nargs: 0 });
 			yargs.option("dev-plugin", { hidden: true, type: "array" });
 		})
@@ -309,18 +330,14 @@ async function initialize(): Promise<InitializeParameters> {
 	let shouldRun = false;
 	if (command === "run") {
 		logger.info(`Starting Clusterio controller ${version}`);
+		if (args.recovery) {
+			logger.warn("Controller recovery mode enabled. Some features will be disabled.");
+		}
 		shouldRun = true;
 	}

 	logger.info(`Loading available plugins from ${args.pluginList}`);
-	let pluginList = new Map();
-	try {
-		pluginList = new Map(JSON.parse(await fs.readFile(args.pluginList, { encoding: "utf8" })));
-	} catch (err: any) {
-		if (err.code !== "ENOENT") {
-			throw err;
-		}
-	}
+	let pluginList = await lib.loadPluginList(args.pluginList);

 	// If the command is plugin management we don't try to load plugins
 	if (command === "plugin") {
@@ -330,7 +347,6 @@ async function initialize(): Promise<InitializeParameters> {
 			shouldRun,
 			clusterLogger,
 			pluginInfos: null,
-			controllerConfigPath: null,
 			controllerConfig: null,
 		};
 	}
@@ -341,46 +357,49 @@ async function initialize(): Promise<InitializeParameters> {
 	lib.addPluginConfigFields(pluginInfos);

 	const controllerConfigPath = args.config;
+	const controllerConfigLockPath = `${controllerConfigPath}.lock`;
+	if (args.bypassLockFile) {
+		await fs.unlink(controllerConfigLockPath).catch(() => {}); // ignore error, file might not exist
+	}
+
+	let controllerConfig;
+	const controllerConfigLock = new lib.LockFile(controllerConfigLockPath);
 	logger.info(`Loading config from ${controllerConfigPath}`);
-	let controllerConfig = new lib.ControllerConfig("controller");
 	try {
-		let jsonConfig = JSON.parse(await fs.readFile(controllerConfigPath, { encoding: "utf8" }));
-		controllerConfig = lib.ControllerConfig.fromJSON(jsonConfig, "controller");
+		controllerConfig = await lib.ControllerConfig.fromFile("controller", controllerConfigPath);

 	} catch (err: any) {
 		if (err.code === "ENOENT") {
 			logger.info("Config not found, initializing new config");
-			controllerConfig = new lib.ControllerConfig("controller");
+			controllerConfig = new lib.ControllerConfig("controller", undefined, controllerConfigPath);

 		} else {
-			throw new lib.StartupError(`Failed to load ${controllerConfigPath}: ${err.message}`);
+			throw new lib.StartupError(`Failed to load ${controllerConfigPath}: ${err.stack ?? err.message ?? err}`);
 		}
 	}

+	controllerConfig.set("controller.version", version); // Allows tracking last loaded version
+
 	if (!controllerConfig.get("controller.auth_secret")) {
 		logger.info("Generating new controller authentication secret");
 		let asyncRandomBytes = util.promisify(crypto.randomBytes);
 		let bytes = await asyncRandomBytes(256);
 		controllerConfig.set("controller.auth_secret", bytes.toString("base64"));
-		await lib.safeOutputFile(
-			controllerConfigPath, JSON.stringify(controllerConfig, null, "\t")
-		);
+		await controllerConfig.save();
 	}

 	if (command === "config") {
-		await lib.handleConfigCommand(
-			args, controllerConfig, controllerConfigPath
-		);
-
+		await lib.handleConfigCommand(args, controllerConfig, controllerConfigLock);
 	} else if (command === "bootstrap") {
-		await handleBootstrapCommand(args, controllerConfig);
+		await handleBootstrapCommand(args, controllerConfig, controllerConfigLock);
+	} else if (shouldRun) {
+		await controllerConfigLock.acquire(); // Hold the lock until process exit
 	}

 	return {
 		args,
 		clusterLogger,
 		pluginInfos,
-		controllerConfigPath,
 		controllerConfig,
 		shouldRun,
 	};
@@ -396,28 +415,35 @@ async function startup() {
 		shouldRun,
 		clusterLogger,
 		pluginInfos,
-		controllerConfigPath,
 		controllerConfig,
 	} = await initialize();
-	if (!shouldRun || !pluginInfos || !controllerConfigPath || !controllerConfig) {
+	if (!shouldRun || !pluginInfos || !controllerConfig) {
 		return;
 	}

 	controller = new Controller(
 		clusterLogger,
 		pluginInfos,
-		controllerConfigPath,
 		controllerConfig,
 		Boolean(args.canRestart),
+		Boolean(args.recovery),
 		...await Controller.bootstrap(controllerConfig)
 	);

+	// Refuse to start if there are no users loaded
+	if (args.checkUserCount && controller.userManager.users.size === 0) {
+		logger.fatal(
+			"Cannot start controller, no users loaded.\n" +
+			"Try `npx clusteriocontroller bootstrap create-admin <username>`");
+		process.exit(1);
+	}
+
 	let secondSigint = false;
 	process.on("SIGINT", () => {
 		if (secondSigint) {
 			setBlocking(true);
 			logger.fatal("Caught second interrupt, terminating immediately");
-			// eslint-disable-next-line node/no-process-exit
+
 			process.exit(1);
 		}

@@ -430,7 +456,7 @@ async function startup() {
 		if (secondSigterm) {
 			setBlocking(true);
 			logger.fatal("Caught second termination, terminating immediately");
-			// eslint-disable-next-line node/no-process-exit
+
 			process.exit(1);
 		}

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ export { default as ControllerRouter } from "./src/ControllerRouter";
 export { default as ControlConnection } from "./src/ControlConnection";
 export { default as HostConnection } from "./src/HostConnection";
 export { default as InstanceInfo } from "./src/InstanceInfo";
+export { default as HostInfo } from "./src/HostInfo";
 export { default as BaseControllerPlugin } from "./src/BaseControllerPlugin";
 export { default as UserManager } from "./src/UserManager";
 export { default as WsServer } from "./src/WsServer";
@@ -3,58 +3,59 @@
 	"description": "Implementation of Clusterio controller",
 	"author": "Hornwitser",
 	"license": "MIT",
-	"version": "2.0.0-alpha.18",
+	"version": "2.0.0-alpha.22b",
 	"main": "dist/node/index.js",
 	"scripts": {
-		"prepare": "tsc --build && webpack-cli --env production",
+		"prepare": "tsc --build && webpack-cli --mode production",
 		"test": "echo \"Error: no test specified\" && exit 1"
 	},
 	"bin": {
 		"clusteriocontroller": "./dist/node/controller.js"
 	},
 	"keywords": [
+		"clusterio",
 		"factorio"
 	],
 	"engines": {
-		"node": ">=18"
+		"node": ">=20"
 	},
 	"dependencies": {
-		"@clusterio/lib": "^2.0.0-alpha.18",
-		"@sinclair/typebox": "^0.30.4",
+		"@clusterio/lib": "workspace:*",
+		"@sinclair/typebox": "catalog:",
+		"set-blocking": "catalog:",
+		"jsonwebtoken": "catalog:",
+		"express": "catalog:",
+		"fs-extra": "catalog:",
+		"ws": "catalog:",
+		"jszip": "catalog:",
+		"winston": "catalog:",
+		"winston-daily-rotate-file": "catalog:",
 		"busboy": "^1.6.0",
-		"compression": "^1.7.4",
-		"express": "^4.18.2",
-		"finalhandler": "^1.2.0",
-		"fs-extra": "^11.1.1",
-		"jsonwebtoken": "^9.0.1",
-		"jszip": "^3.10.1",
-		"set-blocking": "^2.0.0",
-		"webpack-cli": "^5.1.4",
-		"winston": "^3.10.0",
-		"winston-daily-rotate-file": "^4.7.1",
-		"ws": "^8.13.0",
+		"compression": "^1.8.0",
+		"finalhandler": "^1.3.1",
 		"yargs": "^17.7.2"
 	},
 	"devDependencies": {
-		"@clusterio/web_ui": "^2.0.0-alpha.18",
-		"@swc/core": "^1.4.0",
-		"@types/busboy": "^1.5.0",
+		"@clusterio/web_ui": "workspace:*",
+		"@types/jsonwebtoken": "catalog:",
+		"@types/set-blocking": "catalog:",
+		"@types/finalhandler": "catalog:",
+		"@types/express": "catalog:",
+		"@types/fs-extra": "catalog:",
+		"@types/node": "catalog:",
+		"@types/ws": "catalog:",
+		"@types/yargs": "^17.0.33",
 		"@types/compression": "^1.7.2",
-		"@types/express": "^4.17.17",
-		"@types/finalhandler": "^1.2.0",
-		"@types/fs-extra": "^11.0.1",
-		"@types/jsonwebtoken": "^9.0.2",
-		"@types/node": "^20.4.5",
-		"@types/set-blocking": "^2.0.0",
-		"@types/ws": "^8.5.5",
-		"@types/yargs": "^17.0.24",
-		"react": "^18.2.0",
-		"react-dom": "^18.2.0",
-		"react-router-dom": "^6.4.14",
-		"typescript": "^5.1.6",
-		"webpack": "^5.88.2",
-		"webpack-dev-middleware": "^6.1.1",
-		"webpack-merge": "^5.9.0"
+		"@types/busboy": "^1.5.0",
+		"@swc/core": "catalog:",
+		"react": "catalog:",
+		"react-dom": "catalog:",
+		"react-router-dom": "catalog:",
+		"typescript": "catalog:",
+		"webpack": "catalog:",
+		"webpack-cli": "catalog:",
+		"webpack-merge": "catalog:",
+		"webpack-dev-middleware": "^6.1.1"
 	},
 	"publishConfig": {
 		"access": "public"
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ import * as routes from "./routes";
 * @alias module:controller/src/BaseConnection
 */
 export default class BaseConnection extends lib.Link {
-	declare ["connector"]: WsServerConnector;
+	declare "connector": WsServerConnector;

 	constructor(
 		connector: lib.WebSocketBaseConnector,
@@ -35,13 +35,13 @@ export default class BaseConnection extends lib.Link {

 		this.handle(lib.SubscriptionRequest, this.handleSubscriptionRequest.bind(this));
 		this.connector.on("close", () => {
-			this._controller.subscriptions.unsubscribe(this);
+			this._controller.subscriptions.unsubscribeLink(this);
 		});
 	}

 	async disconnect(code: number, reason: string) {
 		try {
-			await this.connector.disconnect();
+			await this.connector.disconnect(code, reason);
 		} catch (err: any) {
 			if (!(err instanceof lib.SessionLost)) {
 				logger.error(`"Unexpected error preparing disconnect:\n${err.stack}`);
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ export default class BaseConnection extends lib.Link {
 		return modPack;
 	}

-	getMod(mod: { name: string, version: string, sha1?: string }) {
+	getMod(mod: { name: string, version: lib.FullVersion, sha1?: string }) {
 		let filename = lib.ModInfo.filename(mod.name, mod.version);
 		let modInfo = this._controller.modStore.files.get(filename);
 		if (!modInfo) {
@@ -70,6 +70,7 @@ export default class ControlConnection extends BaseConnection {

 		this.handle(lib.ControllerStopRequest, this.handleControllerStopRequest.bind(this));
 		this.handle(lib.ControllerRestartRequest, this.handleControllerRestartRequest.bind(this));
+		this.handle(lib.ControllerUpdateRequest, this.handleControllerUpdateRequest.bind(this));
 		this.handle(lib.ControllerConfigGetRequest, this.handleControllerConfigGetRequest.bind(this));
 		this.handle(lib.ControllerConfigSetFieldRequest, this.handleControllerConfigSetFieldRequest.bind(this));
 		this.handle(lib.ControllerConfigSetPropRequest, this.handleControllerConfigSetPropRequest.bind(this));
@@ -98,6 +99,9 @@ export default class ControlConnection extends BaseConnection {
 		this.handle(lib.ModGetRequest, this.handleModGetRequest.bind(this));
 		this.handle(lib.ModListRequest, this.handleModListRequest.bind(this));
 		this.handle(lib.ModSearchRequest, this.handleModSearchRequest.bind(this));
+		this.handle(lib.ModPortalGetAllRequest, this.handleModPortalGetAllRequest.bind(this));
+		this.handle(lib.ModPortalDownloadRequest, this.handleModPortalDownloadRequest.bind(this));
+		this.handle(lib.ModDependencyResolveRequest, this.handleModDependencyResolveRequest.bind(this));
 		this.handle(lib.ModDeleteRequest, this.handleModDeleteRequest.bind(this));
 		this.handle(lib.LogSetSubscriptionsRequest, this.handleLogSetSubscriptionsRequest.bind(this));
 		this.handle(lib.LogQueryRequest, this.handleLogQueryRequest.bind(this));
@@ -116,7 +120,13 @@ export default class ControlConnection extends BaseConnection {
 		this.handle(lib.UserSetBannedRequest, this.handleUserSetBannedRequest.bind(this));
 		this.handle(lib.UserSetWhitelistedRequest, this.handleUserSetWhitelistedRequest.bind(this));
 		this.handle(lib.UserDeleteRequest, this.handleUserDeleteRequest.bind(this));
+		this.handle(lib.UserBulkImportRequest, this.handleUserBulkImportRequest.bind(this));
+		this.handle(lib.UserBulkExportRequest, this.handleUserBulkExportRequest.bind(this));
+		this.handle(lib.PluginListRequest, this.handlePluginListRequest.bind(this));
+		this.handle(lib.PluginUpdateRequest, this.handlePluginUpdateRequest.bind(this));
+		this.handle(lib.PluginInstallRequest, this.handlePluginInstallRequest.bind(this));
 		this.handle(lib.DebugDumpWsRequest, this.handleDebugDumpWsRequest.bind(this));
+		this.handle(lib.FactorioVersionsRequest, this.handleFactorioVersionsRequest.bind(this));
 	}

 	validateIngress(message: lib.MessageRequest | lib.MessageEvent) {
@@ -134,7 +144,7 @@ export default class ControlConnection extends BaseConnection {
 			this.checkPermission(message, entry);
 		} catch (err: any) {
 			this.connector.sendResponseError(new lib.ResponseError(err.message, err.code), message.src);
-			logger.audit(`Permission denied for ${message.name} by ${this.user.name} from ${this.connector.dst}`);
+			logger.audit(`Permission denied for ${message.name} by ${this.user.id} from ${this.connector.dst}`);
 			throw err;
 		}
 	}
@@ -195,7 +205,7 @@ export default class ControlConnection extends BaseConnection {
 	}

 	async handleHostRevokeTokensRequest(request: lib.HostRevokeTokensRequest) {
-		const host = this._controller.hosts.get(request.hostId);
+		const host = this._controller.hosts.getMutable(request.hostId);
 		if (!host) {
 			throw new Error(`Unknown host id (${request.hostId})`);
 		}
@@ -207,7 +217,7 @@ export default class ControlConnection extends BaseConnection {
 			hostConnection.connector.terminate();
 		}

-		this._controller.hostsUpdated([host]);
+		this._controller.hosts.set(host);
 	}

 	async handleHostListRequest(): Promise<lib.HostDetails[]> {
@@ -249,6 +259,14 @@ export default class ControlConnection extends BaseConnection {

 	async handleInstanceCreateRequest(request: lib.InstanceCreateRequest) {
 		const instanceConfig = new lib.InstanceConfig("controller");
+		if (request.cloneFromId) {
+			const baseInstance = this._controller.instances.get(request.cloneFromId);
+			if (!baseInstance) {
+				throw new lib.RequestError(`Instance with ID ${request.cloneFromId} does not exist`);
+			}
+			instanceConfig.update(baseInstance.config.toJSON(), false);
+			instanceConfig.set("instance.assigned_host", null); // New instances are unassigned
+		}
 		instanceConfig.update(request.config, false, "control");
 		await this._controller.instanceCreate(instanceConfig);
 	}
@@ -297,7 +315,7 @@ export default class ControlConnection extends BaseConnection {
 		let stream = await routes.createProxyStream(this._controller.app);
 		stream.filename = name;

-		let ready = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
+		let ready = new Promise<void>((resolve, reject) => {
 			stream.events.on("source", resolve);
 			stream.events.on("timeout", () => reject(
 				new lib.RequestError("Timed out establishing stream from host")
@@ -397,8 +415,7 @@ export default class ControlConnection extends BaseConnection {
 		if (this._controller.modPacks.has(modPack.id)) {
 			throw new lib.RequestError(`Mod pack with ID ${modPack.id} already exist`);
 		}
-		this._controller.modPacks.set(modPack.id, modPack);
-		this._controller.modPacksUpdated([modPack]);
+		this._controller.modPacks.set(modPack);
 	}

 	async handleModPackUpdateRequest(request: lib.ModPackUpdateRequest) {
@@ -406,19 +423,16 @@ export default class ControlConnection extends BaseConnection {
 		if (modPack.id === undefined || !this._controller.modPacks.has(modPack.id)) {
 			throw new lib.RequestError(`Mod pack with ID ${modPack.id} does not exist`);
 		}
-		this._controller.modPacks.set(modPack.id, modPack);
-		this._controller.modPacksUpdated([modPack]);
+		this._controller.modPacks.set(modPack);
 	}

 	async handleModPackDeleteRequest(request: lib.ModPackDeleteRequest) {
 		let { id } = request;
-		let modPack = this._controller.modPacks.get(id);
+		let modPack = this._controller.modPacks.getMutable(id);
 		if (!modPack) {
 			throw new lib.RequestError(`Mod pack with ID ${id} does not exist`);
 		}
-		modPack.isDeleted = true;
-		this._controller.modPacks.delete(id);
-		this._controller.modPacksUpdated([modPack]);
+		this._controller.modPacks.delete(modPack);
 	}

 	async handleModGetRequest(request: lib.ModGetRequest) {
@@ -518,6 +532,217 @@ export default class ControlConnection extends BaseConnection {
 		};
 	}

+	/**
+	 * Handle request to fetch all mods from the Factorio Mod Portal for a given version.
+	 * @param request - The request object containing factorioVersion.
+	 */
+	async handleModPortalGetAllRequest(request: lib.ModPortalGetAllRequest) {
+		const cacheKey = `${request.factorioVersion}-${request.hide_deprecated}`;
+		const cachedData = this._controller.modPortalCache.get(cacheKey);
+
+		const cacheDuration = this._controller.config.get("controller.mod_portal_cache_duration_minutes") * 60 * 1000;
+		if (cachedData && Date.now() - cachedData.timestamp < cacheDuration) {
+			return new lib.ModPortalGetAllRequest.Response(cachedData.data);
+		}
+
+		try {
+			logger.info(`Fetching mod portal data for ${cacheKey}`);
+			const mods = await lib.ModStore.fetchAllModsFromPortal(
+				request.factorioVersion,
+				this._controller.config.get("controller.mod_portal_page_size"),
+				request.hide_deprecated
+			);
+			this._controller.modPortalCache.set(cacheKey, { timestamp: Date.now(), data: mods });
+			// The Response class is defined inline within the Request class
+			return new lib.ModPortalGetAllRequest.Response(mods);
+		} catch (error: any) {
+			logger.error(`Error fetching all mods from portal (${request.factorioVersion}): ${error}`);
+			// Propagate a user-friendly error back to the client
+			throw new lib.RequestError(`Portal mod fetch failed: ${error}`);
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Handle request to download a mod from the Factorio Mod Portal to the controller.
+	 * @param request - Request object with mod name, version, and factorioVersion.
+	 */
+	async handleModPortalDownloadRequest(request: lib.ModPortalDownloadRequest) {
+		const factorioVersion = request.factorioVersion;
+		const toDownload = this._controller.modStore.filterInstalled(request.mods, false);
+
+		if (toDownload.length > 0) {
+			// Get Factorio credentials from config
+			const username = this._controller.config.get("controller.factorio_username");
+			const token = this._controller.config.get("controller.factorio_token");
+
+			if (!username || username === "" || !token || token === "") {
+				throw new lib.RequestError("Factorio credentials (username, token) not configured on the controller.");
+			}
+
+			try {
+				logger.info(`Downloading ${toDownload.length} mods for Factorio ${factorioVersion} from portal.`);
+				await this._controller.modStore.downloadMods(toDownload, username, token, factorioVersion);
+
+			} catch (error: any) {
+				logger.error(`Error downloading mods from portal: ${error.message}`);
+				// Improve error message clarity
+				let errorMessage = "Mod portal download failed";
+				if (error instanceof lib.RequestError) {
+					errorMessage += `: ${error.message}`;
+				} else if (error.message.includes("401") || error.message.includes("Unauthorized")) {
+					errorMessage += ": Authentication failed. Check Factorio username/token in controller config.";
+				} else if (error.message.includes("404") || error.message.includes("Not Found")) {
+					errorMessage += ": Mod version not found on the portal.";
+				} else {
+					errorMessage += `: ${error.message}`;
+				}
+				throw new lib.RequestError(errorMessage);
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Verify all mods are present
+		const modInfos = [];
+		const installedMods = [...this._controller.modStore.mods()];
+		for (const mod of request.mods) {
+			const modInfo = installedMods.find(m => m.name === mod.name && mod.version.testVersion(m.version));
+			if (!modInfo) {
+				throw new lib.RequestError(`Failed to find mod ${mod.name} in store after download attempt.`);
+			}
+			modInfos.push(modInfo);
+		}
+
+		return modInfos;
+	}
+
+	async handleModDependencyResolveRequest(request: lib.ModDependencyResolveRequest) {
+		const {factorioVersion, checkForUpdates} = request;
+		const searchQueue = [...request.mods];
+		const localInfos = [...this._controller.modStore.mods()];
+
+		const _builtInModNames = lib.ModPack.getBuiltinModNames(factorioVersion);
+		const builtInModNames = new Set(_builtInModNames);
+		const skipSearch = new Set(_builtInModNames);
+
+		type ModPortalModType = InstanceType<typeof lib.ModPortalGetAllRequest.Response>["mods"][number];
+		type ModPortalReleaseType = NonNullable<ModPortalModType["releases"]>[number];
+		const dependencyRequirements = new Map<string, lib.ModVersionRange>();
+		const optionalRequirements = new Map<string, lib.ModVersionRange>();
+		const candidateReleases = new Map<string, lib.ModInfo>();
+		const incompatible = new Set<string>();
+		const invalid = new Set<string>();
+
+		const _modPortalReleases = new Map<string, ModPortalModType | null>();
+		async function fetchModReleases(modName: string) {
+			let releases = _modPortalReleases.get(modName);
+			if (releases === undefined) {
+				try {
+					releases = await lib.ModStore.fetchModReleases(modName);
+				} catch (error: any) {
+					if (!error.message.includes("404") && !error.message.includes("Not Found")) {
+						logger.error(`Error fetching mod from portal: ${error.message}`);
+						throw new lib.RequestError(`Dependency resolution failed: ${error.message}`);
+					} else {
+						releases = null;
+					}
+				}
+			}
+			_modPortalReleases.set(modName, releases);
+			return releases;
+		}
+
+		while (searchQueue.length > 0) {
+			const mod = searchQueue.shift()!;
+			if (mod.incompatible) {
+				incompatible.add(mod.name);
+				continue;
+			}
+
+			// Get the current version range (optionals are tracked in case they become required)
+			let versionRange = dependencyRequirements.get(mod.name);
+			if (!versionRange) {
+				versionRange = optionalRequirements.get(mod.name) ?? new lib.ModVersionRange();
+				if (mod.required) {
+					dependencyRequirements.set(mod.name, versionRange);
+					optionalRequirements.delete(mod.name);
+				} else {
+					optionalRequirements.set(mod.name, versionRange);
+				}
+			}
+
+			// Update the version range if needed
+			if (mod.version) {
+				versionRange.combineVersion(mod.version);
+				if (!versionRange.valid) {
+					candidateReleases.delete(mod.name);
+					invalid.add(mod.name);
+				}
+			}
+
+			// Do not add dependencies for invalids, optionals, skips, or valid candidates
+			const existingCandidate = candidateReleases.get(mod.name);
+			if (invalid.has(mod.name) || optionalRequirements.has(mod.name) || skipSearch.has(mod.name) || (
+				existingCandidate && versionRange.testVersion(existingCandidate.version)
+			)) {
+				continue;
+			}
+
+			// Check if a local version fits the requirements
+			let candidate = localInfos
+				.filter(info => (info.name === mod.name && versionRange.testVersion(info.version)))
+				.reduce<lib.ModInfo | undefined>((max, cur) => (
+					max && max.integerVersion > cur.integerVersion ? max : cur
+				), undefined);
+
+			// Check if a mod poral version fits the requirements
+			if (!candidate || checkForUpdates) {
+				const modReleases = await fetchModReleases(mod.name);
+				if (modReleases && modReleases.releases) {
+					const release = modReleases.releases
+						.filter(info => (
+							info.info_json.factorio_version === factorioVersion
+							&& versionRange.testVersion(info.version)
+						))
+						.reduce<ModPortalReleaseType | undefined>((max, cur) => (
+							max && lib.integerFullVersion(max.version) > lib.integerFullVersion(cur.version) ? max : cur
+						), undefined);
+
+					// We only select the mod portal release if it is more recent than the local candidate
+					if (release && (!candidate || lib.integerFullVersion(release.version) > candidate.integerVersion)) {
+						candidate = lib.ModInfo.fromJSON({
+							...release.info_json, // Also includes dependences
+							sha1: release.sha1,
+							version: release.version,
+							name: modReleases.name,
+							author: modReleases.owner,
+							title: modReleases.title,
+						});
+					}
+				}
+			}
+
+			// Queue the dependencies of the new candidate
+			if (candidate) {
+				candidateReleases.set(mod.name, candidate);
+				for (const dep of candidate.dependencies) {
+					searchQueue.push(dep);
+				}
+			} else {
+				candidateReleases.delete(mod.name);
+				skipSearch.add(mod.name);
+			}
+		}
+
+		return new lib.ModDependencyResolveRequest.Response(
+			[...candidateReleases.values()],
+			[...invalid.values(), ...[...incompatible.values()].filter(mod => (
+				candidateReleases.has(mod) || builtInModNames.has(mod)
+			))],
+			[...dependencyRequirements.keys()].filter(mod => (
+				!candidateReleases.has(mod) && !incompatible.has(mod) && !invalid.has(mod)
+			)),
+		);
+	}
+
 	async handleModDeleteRequest(request: lib.ModDeleteRequest) {
 		await this._controller.modStore.deleteMod(request.name, request.version);
 	}
@@ -577,22 +802,21 @@ export default class ControlConnection extends BaseConnection {
 	}

 	async handleRoleListRequest() {
-		return [...this._controller.userManager.roles.values()];
+		return [...this._controller.roles.values()];
 	}

 	async handleRoleCreateRequest(request: lib.RoleCreateRequest) {
-		let lastId = Math.max.apply(null, [...this._controller.userManager.roles.keys()]);
+		let lastId = Math.max.apply(null, [...this._controller.roles.keys()]);

 		// Start at 5 to leave space for future default roles
 		let id = Math.max(5, lastId+1);
-		this._controller.userManager.roles.set(id, lib.Role.fromJSON({ id, ...request }));
-		this._controller.userManager.dirty = true;
+		this._controller.roles.set(lib.Role.fromJSON({ id, ...request }));
 		return id;
 	}

 	async handleRoleUpdateRequest(request: lib.RoleUpdateRequest) {
 		let { id, name, description, permissions } = request;
-		let role = this._controller.userManager.roles.get(id);
+		let role = this._controller.roles.getMutable(id);
 		if (!role) {
 			throw new lib.RequestError(`Role with ID ${id} does not exist`);
 		}
@@ -600,27 +824,29 @@ export default class ControlConnection extends BaseConnection {
 		role.name = name;
 		role.description = description;
 		role.permissions = new Set(permissions);
-		this._controller.rolePermissionsUpdated(role);
+		this._controller.roles.set(role);
 	}

 	async handleRoleGrantDefaultPermissionsRequest(request: lib.RoleGrantDefaultPermissionsRequest) {
-		let role = this._controller.userManager.roles.get(request.id);
+		let role = this._controller.roles.get(request.id);
 		if (!role) {
 			throw new lib.RequestError(`Role with ID ${request.id} does not exist`);
 		}

 		role.grantDefaultPermissions();
-		this._controller.rolePermissionsUpdated(role);
+		this._controller.roles.set(role);
 	}

 	async handleRoleDeleteRequest(request: lib.RoleDeleteRequest) {
 		let id = request.id;

-		if (!this._controller.userManager.roles.delete(id)) {
+		const role = this._controller.roles.get(id);
+		if (!role) {
 			throw new lib.RequestError(`Role with ID ${id} does not exist`);
 		}
-		this._controller.userManager.dirty = true;
+		this._controller.roles.delete(role);

+		this._controller.userManager.dirty = true;
 		for (let user of this._controller.userManager.users.values()) {
 			if (user.roleIds.delete(id)) {
 				this._controller.userPermissionsUpdated(user);
@@ -630,7 +856,7 @@ export default class ControlConnection extends BaseConnection {

 	async handleUserGetRequest(request: lib.UserGetRequest): Promise<lib.User> {
 		let name = request.name;
-		let user = this._controller.userManager.users.get(name);
+		let user = this._controller.userManager.getByName(name);
 		if (!user) {
 			throw new lib.RequestError(`User ${name} does not exist`);
 		}
@@ -648,17 +874,17 @@ export default class ControlConnection extends BaseConnection {
 	}

 	async handleUserRevokeTokenRequest(request: lib.UserRevokeTokenRequest) {
-		let user = this._controller.userManager.users.get(request.name);
+		let user = this._controller.userManager.getByName(request.name);
 		if (!user) {
 			throw new lib.RequestError(`User '${request.name}' does not exist`);
 		}
-		if (user.name !== this.user.name) {
+		if (user.id !== this.user.id) {
 			this.user.checkPermission("core.user.revoke_other_token");
 		}

 		user.invalidateToken();
 		for (let controlConnection of this._controller.wsServer.controlConnections.values()) {
-			if (controlConnection.user.name === user.name) {
+			if (controlConnection.user.id === user.id) {
 				controlConnection.connector.terminate();
 			}
 		}
@@ -666,13 +892,13 @@ export default class ControlConnection extends BaseConnection {
 	}

 	async handleUserUpdateRolesRequest(request: lib.UserUpdateRolesRequest) {
-		let user = this._controller.userManager.users.get(request.name);
+		let user = this._controller.userManager.getByName(request.name);
 		if (!user) {
 			throw new lib.RequestError(`User '${request.name}' does not exist`);
 		}

 		for (let roleId of request.roles) {
-			if (!this._controller.userManager.roles.has(roleId)) {
+			if (!this._controller.roles.has(roleId)) {
 				throw new lib.RequestError(`Role with ID ${roleId} does not exist`);
 			}
 		}
@@ -684,7 +910,7 @@ export default class ControlConnection extends BaseConnection {

 	async handleUserSetAdminRequest(request: lib.UserSetAdminRequest) {
 		let { name, create, admin } = request;
-		let user = this._controller.userManager.users.get(name);
+		let user = this._controller.userManager.getByName(name);
 		if (!user) {
 			if (create) {
 				this.user.checkPermission("core.user.create");
@@ -701,7 +927,7 @@ export default class ControlConnection extends BaseConnection {

 	async handleUserSetBannedRequest(request: lib.UserSetBannedRequest) {
 		let { name, create, banned, reason } = request;
-		let user = this._controller.userManager.users.get(name);
+		let user = this._controller.userManager.getByName(name);
 		if (!user) {
 			if (create) {
 				this.user.checkPermission("core.user.create");
@@ -719,7 +945,7 @@ export default class ControlConnection extends BaseConnection {

 	async handleUserSetWhitelistedRequest(request: lib.UserSetWhitelistedRequest) {
 		let { name, create, whitelisted } = request;
-		let user = this._controller.userManager.users.get(name);
+		let user = this._controller.userManager.getByName(name);
 		if (!user) {
 			if (create) {
 				this.user.checkPermission("core.user.create");
@@ -736,7 +962,7 @@ export default class ControlConnection extends BaseConnection {

 	async handleUserDeleteRequest(request: lib.UserDeleteRequest) {
 		let name = request.name;
-		let user = this._controller.userManager.users.get(name);
+		let user = this._controller.userManager.getByName(name);
 		if (!user) {
 			throw new lib.RequestError(`User '${name}' does not exist`);
 		}
@@ -756,6 +982,238 @@ export default class ControlConnection extends BaseConnection {
 		}
 	}

+	async handleUserBulkRestoreRequest(request: lib.UserBulkImportRequest, updated: Map<string, ControllerUser>) {
+		if (request.importType === "users") {
+			// Update all fields for all users
+			const users = request.users as Extract<typeof request.users, { username: string }[]>;
+			const admin = new Set(users.filter(u => u.is_admin).map(u => u.username.toLowerCase()));
+			const banned = new Set(users.filter(u => u.is_banned).map(u => u.username.toLowerCase()));
+			const whitelist = new Set(users.filter(u => u.is_whitelisted).map(u => u.username.toLowerCase()));
+			for (const user of this._controller.userManager.users.values()) {
+				if (user.isAdmin && !admin.has(user.name)) {
+					user.isAdmin = false;
+					updated.set(user.id, user);
+				}
+				if (user.isBanned && !banned.has(user.name)) {
+					user.isBanned = false;
+					user.banReason = "";
+					updated.set(user.id, user);
+				}
+				if (user.isWhitelisted && !whitelist.has(user.name)) {
+					user.isWhitelisted = false;
+					updated.set(user.id, user);
+				}
+			}
+		} else if (request.importType === "bans") {
+			// Bans have extra logic to handle ban reason
+			const users = request.users as (string | { username: string, reason: string })[];
+			const expected = new Set(
+				users.map(u => (typeof u === "string" ? u.toLowerCase() : u.username.toLowerCase()))
+			);
+			for (const user of this._controller.userManager.users.values()) {
+				if (user.isBanned && !expected.has(user.name)) {
+					user.isBanned = false;
+					user.banReason = "";
+					updated.set(user.id, user);
+				}
+			}
+		} else {
+			// Whitelist and admin have the same logic
+			const users = request.users as string[];
+			const expected = new Set(users.map(u => u.toLowerCase()));
+			const prop = request.importType === "admins" ? "isAdmin" : "isWhitelisted";
+			for (const user of this._controller.userManager.users.values()) {
+				if (user[prop] && !expected.has(user.name)) {
+					user[prop] = false;
+					updated.set(user.id, user);
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	// A large number of small if statements are unavoidable when reducing the number of updates sent
+
+	async handleUserBulkImportRequest(request: lib.UserBulkImportRequest) {
+		let backup: undefined | Awaited<ReturnType<ControlConnection["handleUserBulkExportRequest"]>>;
+		const updated = new Map<ControllerUser["id"], ControllerUser>();
+		if (request.restore) {
+			// Unban / Demote / Unwhitelist players not on the list
+			backup = await this.handleUserBulkExportRequest(new lib.UserBulkExportRequest(request.importType));
+			await this.handleUserBulkRestoreRequest(request, updated);
+		}
+
+		// Will get a user or attempt to create one
+		const getUserOrCreate = (username: string) => {
+			const user = this._controller.userManager.getByName(username);
+			if (user) { return user; }
+			this.user.checkPermission("core.user.create");
+			return this._controller.userManager.createUser(username);
+		};
+
+		// Merge the imported data with existing data, this is strictly additive
+		if (request.importType === "users") {
+			// Update all fields
+			const users = request.users as Extract<typeof request.users, { username: string }[]>;
+			for (const user of users) {
+				const cUser = getUserOrCreate(user.username);
+				if (user.is_admin && !cUser.isAdmin) {
+					cUser.isAdmin = true;
+					updated.set(cUser.id, cUser);
+				}
+				if (user.is_banned && !cUser.isBanned) {
+					cUser.isBanned = true;
+					cUser.banReason = user.ban_reason ?? "";
+					updated.set(cUser.id, cUser);
+				}
+				if (user.is_whitelisted && !cUser.isWhitelisted) {
+					cUser.isWhitelisted = true;
+					updated.set(cUser.id, cUser);
+				}
+			}
+		} else if (request.importType === "bans") {
+			// Bans have extra logic to handle ban reason
+			const users = request.users as (string | { username: string, reason: string })[];
+			for (const user of users) {
+				if (typeof user === "string") {
+					const cUser = getUserOrCreate(user);
+					if (!cUser.isBanned) {
+						cUser.isBanned = true;
+						cUser.banReason = "";
+						updated.set(cUser.id, cUser);
+					}
+				} else {
+					const cUser = getUserOrCreate(user.username);
+					if (!cUser.isBanned) {
+						cUser.isBanned = true;
+						cUser.banReason = user.reason;
+						updated.set(cUser.id, cUser);
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		} else {
+			// Whitelist and admin have the same logic
+			const users = request.users as string[];
+			const prop = request.importType === "admins" ? "isAdmin" : "isWhitelisted";
+			for (const user of users) {
+				const cUser = getUserOrCreate(user);
+				if (!cUser[prop]) {
+					cUser[prop] = true;
+					updated.set(cUser.id, cUser);
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Send the necessary update events
+		const updatedUsers = [...updated.values()];
+		this._controller.usersUpdated(updatedUsers);
+
+		// Resync the host user lists
+		const adminlist: Set<string> = new Set();
+		const banlist: Map<string, string> = new Map();
+		const whitelist: Set<string> = new Set();
+
+		for (let user of this._controller.userManager.users.values()) {
+			if (user.isAdmin) {
+				adminlist.add(user.id);
+			}
+			if (user.isBanned) {
+				banlist.set(user.id, user.banReason);
+			}
+			if (user.isWhitelisted) {
+				whitelist.add(user.id);
+			}
+		}
+
+		this._controller.sendEvent(
+			new lib.SyncUserListsEvent(adminlist, banlist, whitelist),
+			lib.Address.fromShorthand("allHosts")
+		);
+
+		return backup ?? [];
+	}
+
+	async handleUserBulkExportRequest(request: lib.UserBulkExportRequest) {
+		if (request.exportType === "users") {
+			// Send a full user export
+			const usersToSend = [] as lib.ClusterioUserExport["users"];
+			for (const user of this._controller.userManager.users.values()) {
+				let send = false;
+				const userToSend = { username: user.name } as typeof usersToSend[0];
+				if (user.isBanned) {
+					send = true;
+					userToSend.is_banned = true;
+					if (user.banReason !== "") {
+						userToSend.ban_reason = user.banReason;
+					}
+				}
+				if (user.isAdmin) {
+					send = true;
+					userToSend.is_admin = true;
+				}
+				if (user.isWhitelisted) {
+					send = true;
+					userToSend.is_whitelisted = true;
+				}
+				if (send) {
+					usersToSend.push(userToSend);
+				}
+			}
+			return new lib.ClusterioUserExport(usersToSend);
+		} else if (request.exportType === "bans") {
+			// Bans have extra logic to handle ban reason
+			const usersToSend = [] as Array<string | { username: string, reason: string }>;
+			for (const user of this._controller.userManager.users.values()) {
+				if (user.isBanned) {
+					if (user.banReason && user.banReason !== "") {
+						usersToSend.push({ username: user.name, reason: user.banReason });
+					} else {
+						usersToSend.push(user.name);
+					}
+				}
+			}
+			return usersToSend;
+		}
+
+		// This is a whitelist or admins export
+		const usersToSend = [] as string[];
+		const prop = request.exportType === "admins" ? "isAdmin" : "isWhitelisted";
+		for (const user of this._controller.userManager.users.values()) {
+			if (user[prop]) {
+				usersToSend.push(user.name);
+			}
+		}
+		return usersToSend;
+	}
+
+	async handleControllerUpdateRequest(request: lib.ControllerUpdateRequest) {
+		if (!this._controller.config.get("controller.allow_remote_updates")) {
+			throw new lib.RequestError("Remote updates are disabled on this machine");
+		}
+		return await lib.updatePackage("@clusterio/controller");
+	}
+
+	async handlePluginUpdateRequest(request: lib.PluginUpdateRequest) {
+		if (!this._controller.config.get("controller.allow_plugin_updates")) {
+			throw new lib.RequestError("Plugin updates are disabled on this machine");
+		}
+		return await lib.handlePluginUpdate(request.pluginPackage, this._controller.pluginInfos);
+	}
+
+	async handlePluginInstallRequest(request: lib.PluginInstallRequest) {
+		if (!this._controller.config.get("controller.allow_plugin_install")) {
+			throw new lib.RequestError("Plugin installs are disabled on this machine");
+		}
+		return await lib.handlePluginInstall(request.pluginPackage);
+	}
+
+	async handlePluginListRequest(request: lib.PluginListRequest) {
+		return this._controller.pluginInfos.map(pluginInfo => lib.PluginDetails.fromNodeEnvInfo(
+			pluginInfo,
+			this._controller.plugins.has(pluginInfo.name),
+			this._controller.config.get(`${pluginInfo.name}.load_plugin`),
+		));
+	}
+
 	async handleDebugDumpWsRequest(request: lib.DebugDumpWsRequest) {
 		this.ws_dumper = data => {
 			if (this.connector.connected) {
@@ -765,6 +1223,10 @@ export default class ControlConnection extends BaseConnection {
 		this.connector._socket!.clusterio_ignore_dump = true;
 		this._controller.debugEvents.on("message", this.ws_dumper);
 	}
+
+	async handleFactorioVersionsRequest(request: lib.FactorioVersionsRequest) {
+		return await this._controller.factorioVersions.get(request.maxAgeMs);
+	}
 }

 module.exports = ControlConnection;
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import type { Static } from "@sinclair/typebox";
 import finalhandler from "finalhandler";

 import compression from "compression";
-import events, { EventEmitter } from "events";
+import events from "events";
 import fs from "fs-extra";
 import http from "http";
 import https from "https";
@@ -42,6 +42,14 @@ const logSizeGauge = new Gauge(

 type InstanceId = { instanceId: number };

+type ControllerDebugEvents = {
+	"message": [ { direction: "in" | "out", content: string } ],
+};
+
+type ControllerEvents = {
+	"stop": [],
+}
+
 /**
 * Manages all controller related operations
 * @alias module:controller/src/Controller
@@ -50,22 +58,10 @@ export default class Controller {
 	clusterLogger: winston.Logger;
 	/** Array of plugin info objects for known plugins */
 	pluginInfos: lib.PluginNodeEnvInfo[];
-	configPath: string;
 	/** Controller config. */
 	config: lib.ControllerConfig;
 	app: Application;

-	/** True if (@link Controller.systems} has changed since last time it was saved */
-	systemsDirty = false;
-	/** True if {@link Controller.hosts} has changed since last time it was saved */
-	hostsDirty = false;
-	/** True if {@link Controller.instances} has changed since last time it was saved */
-	instancesDirty = false;
-	/** True if {@link Controller.saves} has changed since last time it was saved */
-	savesDirty = false;
-	/** True if {@link Controller.modPacks} has changed since last time it was saved */
-	modPacksDirty = false;
-
 	httpServer: http.Server | null = null;
 	httpServerCloser: HttpCloser | null = null;
 	httpsServer: https.Server | null = null;
@@ -78,8 +74,8 @@ export default class Controller {
 	wsServer: WsServer;
 	router = new ControllerRouter(this);
 	trustedProxies: BlockList;
-	debugEvents: events.EventEmitter = new events.EventEmitter();
-	private _events: events.EventEmitter = new events.EventEmitter();
+	debugEvents = new events.EventEmitter<ControllerDebugEvents>();
+	private _events = new events.EventEmitter<ControllerEvents>();

 	/** Event subscription controller */
 	subscriptions = new lib.SubscriptionController();
@@ -95,7 +91,7 @@ export default class Controller {
 	public shouldRestart: boolean = false;
 	_fallbackedRequests: Map<lib.RequestClass<unknown, unknown>, lib.RequestHandler<unknown, unknown>> = new Map();
 	_registeredRequests: Map<lib.RequestClass<unknown, unknown>, lib.RequestHandler<unknown, unknown>> = new Map();
-	_registeredEvents = new Map();
+	_registeredEvents = new Map<lib.EventClass<unknown>, lib.EventHandler<unknown>>();
 	_snoopedEvents = new Map();

 	devMiddleware: any | null = null;
@@ -107,22 +103,66 @@ export default class Controller {
 	clusterLogIndex: lib.LogIndex | null = null;
 	clusterLogBuildInterval: ReturnType<typeof setInterval> | null = null;

+	// Cache for mod portal requests
+	modPortalCache = new Map<string, { timestamp: number, data: any[] }>();
+	// Cache for factorio versions
+	factorioVersions = new lib.ValueCache(lib.fetchFactorioVersions);
+
 	static async bootstrap(config: lib.ControllerConfig) {
 		let databaseDirectory = config.get("controller.database_directory");
 		await fs.ensureDir(databaseDirectory);

-		const systems = await Controller.loadSystems(path.join(databaseDirectory, "systems.json"));
-		const hosts = await Controller.loadHosts(path.join(databaseDirectory, "hosts.json"));
-		const instances = await Controller.loadInstances(path.join(databaseDirectory, "instances.json"));
-		const saves = await Controller.loadSaves(path.join(databaseDirectory, "saves.json"));
-		const modPacks = await Controller.loadModPacks(path.join(databaseDirectory, "mod-packs.json"));
-		const userManager = new UserManager(config);
+		const systems = new lib.SubscribableDatastore(...await new lib.JsonIdDatastoreProvider(
+			path.join(databaseDirectory, "systems.json"),
+			lib.SystemInfo.fromJSON.bind(lib.SystemInfo),
+			this.migrateSystems,
+		).bootstrap());
+
+		const hosts = new lib.SubscribableDatastore(...await new lib.JsonIdDatastoreProvider(
+			path.join(databaseDirectory, "hosts.json"),
+			HostInfo.fromJSON.bind(HostInfo),
+			this.migrateHosts, this.finaliseHosts,
+		).bootstrap());
+
+		const instances = new lib.SubscribableDatastore(...await new lib.JsonIdDatastoreProvider(
+			path.join(databaseDirectory, "instances.json"),
+			json => InstanceInfo.fromJSON(json, "controller"),
+			this.migrateInstances, this.finaliseInstances,
+		).bootstrap());
+
+		const saves = new lib.SubscribableDatastore(...await new lib.JsonIdDatastoreProvider(
+			path.join(databaseDirectory, "saves.json"),
+			lib.SaveDetails.fromJSON.bind(lib.SaveDetails)
+		).bootstrap());
+
+		const modPacks = new lib.SubscribableDatastore(...await new lib.JsonIdDatastoreProvider(
+			path.join(databaseDirectory, "mod-packs.json"),
+			lib.ModPack.fromJSON.bind(lib.ModPack),
+			this.migrateModPacks,
+		).bootstrap());
+
+		const roles = new lib.SubscribableDatastore(...await new lib.JsonIdDatastoreProvider(
+			path.join(databaseDirectory, "roles.json"),
+			lib.Role.fromJSON.bind(lib.Role),
+			this.migrateRoles,
+		).bootstrap());
+
+		const userManager = new UserManager(config, roles);
 		await userManager.load(path.join(databaseDirectory, "users.json"));

 		let modsDirectory = config.get("controller.mods_directory");
 		await fs.ensureDir(modsDirectory);
 		const modStore = await lib.ModStore.fromDirectory(modsDirectory);

+		// Add default mod packs
+		if (modPacks.size === 0) {
+			modPacks.setMany(lib.ModPack.defaultModPacks);
+		}
+
+		// Add default roles
+		lib.ensureDefaultAdminRole(roles);
+		lib.ensureDefaultPlayerRole(roles);
+
 		return [
 			systems,
 			hosts,
@@ -130,6 +170,7 @@ export default class Controller {
 			saves,
 			modPacks,
 			modStore,
+			roles,
 			userManager,
 		] as const;
 	}
@@ -137,7 +178,6 @@ export default class Controller {
 	constructor(
 		clusterLogger: winston.Logger,
 		pluginInfos: lib.PluginNodeEnvInfo[],
-		configPath: string,
 		config: lib.ControllerConfig,

 		/**
@@ -145,23 +185,29 @@ export default class Controller {
 		 * will restart the controller on non-zero exit codes.
 		 */
 		public canRestart: boolean = false,
-		public systems = new Map<lib.SystemInfo["id"], lib.SystemInfo>(),
+		/**
+		 * If true indicates the controller is in recovery mode and should
+		 * disable certain actions such as loading plugins or connecting to hosts
+		 */
+		public recoveryMode: boolean = false,
+		public systems = new lib.SubscribableDatastore<lib.SystemInfo>(),
 		/** Mapping of host id to host info */
-		public hosts = new Map<number, HostInfo>(),
+		public hosts = new lib.SubscribableDatastore<HostInfo>(),
 		/** Mapping of instance id to instance info */
-		public instances = new Map<number, InstanceInfo>(),
+		public instances = new lib.SubscribableDatastore<InstanceInfo>(),
 		/** Mapping of save id to save details */
-		public saves = new Map<string, lib.SaveDetails>(),
+		public saves = new lib.SubscribableDatastore<lib.SaveDetails>(),
 		/** Mapping of mod pack id to mod pack */
-		public modPacks = new Map<number, lib.ModPack>(),
+		public modPacks = new lib.SubscribableDatastore<lib.ModPack>(),
 		/** Mods stored on the controller */
 		public modStore = new lib.ModStore(config.get("controller.mods_directory"), new Map()),
+		/** Mapping of mod pack id to mod pack */
+		public roles = new lib.SubscribableDatastore<lib.Role>(),
 		/** User and roles manager for the cluster */
-		public userManager = new UserManager(config),
+		public userManager = new UserManager(config, roles),
 	) {
 		this.clusterLogger = clusterLogger;
 		this.pluginInfos = pluginInfos;
-		this.configPath = configPath;
 		this.config = config;

 		this.app = express();
@@ -185,6 +231,15 @@ export default class Controller {
 		this.subscriptions.handle(lib.ModPackUpdatesEvent, this.handleModPackSubscription.bind(this));
 		this.subscriptions.handle(lib.ModUpdatesEvent, this.handleModSubscription.bind(this));
 		this.subscriptions.handle(lib.UserUpdatesEvent, this.handleUserSubscription.bind(this));
+		this.subscriptions.handle(lib.RoleUpdatesEvent, this.handleRoleSubscription.bind(this));
+
+		// Handle updates for datastores
+		this.systems.on("update", this.systemsUpdated.bind(this));
+		this.hosts.on("update", this.hostsUpdated.bind(this));
+		this.instances.on("update", this.instanceDetailsUpdated.bind(this));
+		this.saves.on("update", this.savesUpdated.bind(this));
+		this.modPacks.on("update", this.modPacksUpdated.bind(this));
+		this.roles.on("update", this.rolesUpdated.bind(this));
 	}

 	async start(args: ControllerArgs) {
@@ -266,7 +321,7 @@ export default class Controller {
 		let tls_cert = this.config.get("controller.tls_certificate");
 		let tls_key = this.config.get("controller.tls_private_key");

-		if (httpsPort && (!tls_cert || !tls_key)) {
+		if (httpsPort && (!tls_cert || !tls_key)) {
 			throw new lib.StartupError(
 				"tls_certificate and tls_private_key must be configure in order to use https_port"
 			);
@@ -347,13 +402,12 @@ export default class Controller {

 	async _startDevServer(args: ControllerArgs) {
 		logger.warn("Webpack development mode enabled");
-		/* eslint-disable @typescript-eslint/no-var-requires, node/no-unpublished-require */
+
 		const webpack = require("webpack");
 		const webpackDevMiddleware = require("webpack-dev-middleware");
 		const webpackConfigs = [];

 		if (args.dev) {
-			// eslint-disable-next-line node/no-missing-require
 			webpackConfigs.push(require("../../../webpack.config")({})); // Path outside of build
 		}
 		if (args.devPlugin) {
@@ -369,7 +423,7 @@ export default class Controller {
 			}
 			this.app.locals.devPlugins = devPlugins;
 		}
-		/* eslint-enable @typescript-eslint/no-var-requires, node/no-unpublished-require */
+

 		const compiler = webpack(webpackConfigs);
 		this.devMiddleware = webpackDevMiddleware(compiler, { serverSideRender: true });
@@ -498,23 +552,66 @@ export default class Controller {
 				}
 				requests.push(hostConnection.send(new lib.SystemInfoRequest()));
 			}
-			requests.push(lib.gatherSystemInfo("controller", this.canRestart));
+			const restartRequired = await this.checkRestartRequired();
+			requests.push(lib.gatherSystemInfo("controller", this.canRestart, restartRequired));
 			const newMetrics = await Promise.all(requests);
 			for (const metric of newMetrics) {
-				this.systems.set(metric.id, metric);
+				this.systems.set(metric);
 			}
-			this.systemsDirty = true;
-			this.subscriptions.broadcast(new lib.SystemInfoUpdateEvent(newMetrics));
 		} catch (err: any) {
 			logger.error(`Unexpected error updating system infos:\n${err.stack ?? err.message}`);
 		}
 	}

+	async checkRestartRequired() {
+		if (this.config.restartRequired) {
+			return true;
+		}
+
+		let packageName = "@clusterio/controller";
+		try {
+			// First check the clusterio version
+			const runningVersion = this.config.get("controller.version");
+			const packageJsonPath = require.resolve("@clusterio/controller/package.json");
+			const packageJson = await fs.readJSON(packageJsonPath);
+			if (runningVersion !== packageJson.version) {
+				this.config.restartRequired = true;
+				return true;
+			}
+
+			// Second check plugin versions
+			for (const pluginInfo of this.pluginInfos) {
+				if (
+					!pluginInfo.controllerEntrypoint && !pluginInfo.webEntrypoint
+					|| !this.config.get(`${pluginInfo.name}.load_plugin`)
+				) {
+					continue;
+				}
+
+				packageName = pluginInfo.npmPackage ?? pluginInfo.name;
+				const pluginPackageJsonPath = require.resolve(path.posix.join(pluginInfo.requirePath, "package.json"));
+				const pluginPackageJson = await fs.readJSON(pluginPackageJsonPath);
+				if (pluginInfo.version !== pluginPackageJson.version) {
+					this.config.restartRequired = true;
+					return true;
+				}
+			}
+		} catch (err: any) {
+			logger.warn(`Failed to read package json for ${packageName}:\n${err.stack ?? err.message}`);
+		}
+
+		return false;
+	}
+
 	onAutosaveIntervalChanged() {
 		if (this.autosaveInterval) {
 			clearInterval(this.autosaveInterval);
 			this.autosaveInterval = undefined;
 		}
+		if (this.recoveryMode) {
+			logger.warn("Recovery | autosaving disabled");
+			return;
+		}
 		const autosaveIntervalSeconds = this.config.get("controller.autosave_interval");
 		if (autosaveIntervalSeconds > 0) {
 			this.autosaveInterval = setInterval(this.saveData.bind(this), autosaveIntervalSeconds * 1000);
@@ -540,165 +637,97 @@ export default class Controller {
 	});

 	private async _saveDataInternal() {
-		if (this.config.dirty) {
-			this.config.dirty = false;
-			await lib.safeOutputFile(this.configPath, JSON.stringify(this.config, null, "\t"));
-		}
-
-		let databaseDirectory = this.config.get("controller.database_directory");
-		if (this.systemsDirty) {
-			this.systemsDirty = false;
-			await Controller.saveSystems(path.join(databaseDirectory, "systems.json"), this.systems);
-		}
-
-		if (this.hostsDirty) {
-			this.hostsDirty = false;
-			await Controller.saveHosts(path.join(databaseDirectory, "hosts.json"), this.hosts);
-		}
-
-		if (this.instancesDirty) {
-			this.instancesDirty = false;
-			await Controller.saveInstances(path.join(databaseDirectory, "instances.json"), this.instances);
-		}
-
-		if (this.savesDirty) {
-			this.savesDirty = false;
-			await Controller.saveSaves(path.join(databaseDirectory, "saves.json"), this.saves);
-		}
-
-		if (this.modPacksDirty) {
-			this.modPacksDirty = false;
-			await Controller.saveModPacks(path.join(databaseDirectory, "mod-packs.json"), this.modPacks);
-		}
+		await Promise.all([
+			this.config.save(),
+			this.systems.save(),
+			this.hosts.save(),
+			this.instances.save(),
+			this.saves.save(),
+			this.modPacks.save(),
+			this.roles.save(),
+		]);

 		if (this.userManager.dirty) {
-			await this.userManager.save(path.join(databaseDirectory, "users.json"));
+			await this.userManager.save(path.join(this.config.get("controller.database_directory"), "users.json"));
 		}

 		await lib.invokeHook(this.plugins, "onSaveData");
 	}

-	static async loadSystems(filePath: string): Promise<Map<lib.SystemInfo["id"], lib.SystemInfo>> {
-		let json: Static<typeof lib.SystemInfo.jsonSchema>[];
-		try {
-			json = JSON.parse(await fs.readFile(filePath, { encoding: "utf8" }));
-
-		} catch (err: any) {
-			if (err.code !== "ENOENT") {
-				throw err;
+	static migrateSystems(rawJson: unknown[]): Static<typeof lib.SystemInfo.jsonSchema>[] {
+		const serialized = rawJson as Static<typeof lib.SystemInfo.jsonSchema>[];
+		return serialized.map(json => {
+			if (!json.canRestart) { // Added in 2.0.0.alpha.17
+				json.canRestart = false;
 			}
-			return new Map();
-		}
-
-		return new Map(json.map(m => lib.SystemInfo.fromJSON(m)).map(m => [m.id, m]));
-	}
-
-	static async saveSystems(filePath: string, systems: Map<lib.SystemInfo["id"], lib.SystemInfo>) {
-		await lib.safeOutputFile(filePath, JSON.stringify([...systems.values()], null, "\t"));
-	}
-
-	static async loadHosts(filePath: string): Promise<Map<number, HostInfo>> {
-		let serialized: [number, Static<typeof HostInfo.jsonSchema>][];
-		try {
-			serialized = JSON.parse(await fs.readFile(filePath, { encoding: "utf8" }));
-
-		} catch (err: any) {
-			if (err.code !== "ENOENT") {
-				throw err;
+			if (!json.restartRequired) { // Added in 2.0.0.alpha.21
+				json.restartRequired = false;
 			}
-			return new Map();
+			return json;
+		});
+	}
+
+	static migrateHosts(rawJson: unknown[]): Static<typeof HostInfo.jsonSchema>[] {
+		let serialized = rawJson as any;
+
+		// New format 2.0.0.alpha.19
+		if (serialized.length && serialized[0] instanceof Array) {
+			serialized = serialized.map((e: any) => e[1]);
 		}

-		// TODO: migrate remove after release.
-		if (serialized.length && !(serialized[0] instanceof Array)) {
-			return new Map(); // Discard old format.
-		}
+		return serialized;
+	}

-		const hosts = new Map();
-		for (let [id, json] of serialized) {
-			const host = HostInfo.fromJSON(json);
-			if (host.connected) {
-				host.connected = false;
-				host.updatedAtMs = Date.now();
+	static finaliseHosts(host: HostInfo): HostInfo {
+		if (host.connected) {
+			host.connected = false;
+			host.updatedAtMs = Date.now();
+		}
+		return host;
+	}
+
+	static migrateInstances(rawJson: unknown[]): Static<typeof InstanceInfo.jsonSchema>[] {
+		const serialized = rawJson as Static<typeof InstanceInfo.jsonSchema>[];
+		return serialized.map(json => {
+			if (!json.config) { // New format 2.0.0.alpha.14
+				return { config: json as any, status: "running" }; // Use running to force updatedAtMs
 			}
-			hosts.set(id, host);
+			return json;
+		});
+	}
+
+	static finaliseInstances(instance: InstanceInfo): InstanceInfo {
+		const status = instance.config.get("instance.assigned_host") === null ? "unassigned" : "unknown";
+		if (instance.status !== status) {
+			instance.status = status;
+			instance.updatedAtMs = Date.now();
 		}
-		return hosts;
+		return instance;
 	}

-	static async saveHosts(filePath: string, hosts: Map<number, HostInfo>) {
-		await lib.safeOutputFile(filePath, JSON.stringify([...hosts.entries()], null, "\t"));
+	static migrateModPacks(rawJson: unknown[]): Static<typeof lib.ModPack.jsonSchema>[] {
+		const serialized = rawJson as Static<typeof lib.ModPack.jsonSchema>[];
+		return serialized.map(json => {
+			for (const mod of json.mods) {
+				// migrate: 2.0.0.alpha.22 - json schema now enforces X.Y.Z for mod version, builtins would use X.Y only
+				mod.version = lib.normaliseFullVersion(mod.version);
+			}
+			return json;
+		});
 	}

-	static async loadInstances(filePath: string): Promise<Map<number, InstanceInfo>> {
-		logger.info(`Loading ${filePath}`);
-
-		let instances = new Map();
-		try {
-			let serialized = JSON.parse(
-				await fs.readFile(filePath, { encoding: "utf8" })
-			) as Static<typeof InstanceInfo.jsonSchema>[];
-			for (let json of serialized) {
-				if (!json.config) { // migrate: from pre Alpha 14 format.
-					json = { config: json as any, status: "running" }; // Use running to force updatedAtMs
+	static migrateRoles(rawJson: unknown[]): Static<typeof lib.Role.jsonSchema>[] {
+		const serialized = rawJson as Static<typeof lib.Role.jsonSchema>[];
+		return serialized.map(json => {
+			json.permissions = json.permissions.map(permission => {
+				// migrate: core.instance.save.list.subscribe was renamed in alpha 17
+				if (permission === "core.instance.save.list.subscribe") {
+					return "core.instance.save.subscribe";
 				}
-				const instance = InstanceInfo.fromJSON(json, "controller");
-				const status = instance.config.get("instance.assigned_host") === null ? "unassigned" : "unknown";
-				if (instance.status !== status) {
-					instance.status = status;
-					instance.updatedAtMs = Date.now();
-				}
-				instances.set(instance.id, instance);
-			}
-
-		} catch (err: any) {
-			if (err.code !== "ENOENT") {
-				throw err;
-			}
-			return new Map();
-		}
-
-		return instances;
-	}
-
-	static async saveInstances(filePath: string, instances: Map<number, InstanceInfo>) {
-		let serialized = [...instances.values()];
-		await lib.safeOutputFile(filePath, JSON.stringify(serialized, null, "\t"));
-	}
-
-	static async loadSaves(filePath: string): Promise<Map<string, lib.SaveDetails>> {
-		let json: Static<typeof lib.SaveDetails.jsonSchema>[];
-		try {
-			json = JSON.parse(await fs.readFile(filePath, { encoding: "utf8" }));
-		} catch (err: any) {
-			if (err.code !== "ENOENT") {
-				throw err;
-			}
-			return new Map();
-		}
-		return new Map(json.map(s => lib.SaveDetails.fromJSON(s)).map(s => [s.id, s]));
-	}
-
-	static async saveSaves(filePath: string, saves: Map<string, lib.SaveDetails>) {
-		await lib.safeOutputFile(filePath, JSON.stringify([...saves.values()], null, "\t"));
-	}
-
-
-	static async loadModPacks(filePath: string): Promise<Map<number, lib.ModPack>> {
-		let json;
-		try {
-			json = JSON.parse(await fs.readFile(filePath, { encoding: "utf8" }));
-		} catch (err: any) {
-			if (err.code !== "ENOENT") {
-				throw err;
-			}
-			return new Map();
-		}
-		return new Map(json.map((e: any) => [e.id, lib.ModPack.fromJSON(e)]));
-	}
-
-	static async saveModPacks(filePath: string, modPacks: Map<number, lib.ModPack>) {
-		await lib.safeOutputFile(filePath, JSON.stringify([...modPacks.values()], null, "\t"));
+				return permission;
+			});
+			return json;
+		});
 	}

 	static async loadJsonObject(filePath: string, throwOnMissing: boolean = false): Promise<any> {
@@ -795,6 +824,10 @@ export default class Controller {
 		}
 	}

+	systemsUpdated(systems: lib.SystemInfo[]) {
+		this.subscriptions.broadcast(new lib.SystemInfoUpdateEvent(systems));
+	}
+
 	async handleSystemInfoSubscription(request: lib.SubscriptionRequest) {
 		const systems = [...this.systems.values()].filter(
 			metric => metric.updatedAtMs > request.lastRequestTimeMs,
@@ -816,11 +849,6 @@ export default class Controller {
 	}

 	hostsUpdated(hosts: HostInfo[]) {
-		const now = Date.now();
-		for (const host of hosts) {
-			host.updatedAtMs = now;
-		}
-		this.hostsDirty = true;
 		let updates = hosts.map(host => host.toHostDetails());
 		this.subscriptions.broadcast(new lib.HostUpdatesEvent(updates));
 	}
@@ -876,8 +904,6 @@ export default class Controller {
 			"tags": ["clusterio"],
 			"max_players": 0,
 			"visibility": { "public": true, "lan": true },
-			"username": "",
-			"token": "",
 			"game_password": "",
 			"require_user_verification": true,
 			"max_upload_in_kilobytes_per_second": 0,
@@ -896,12 +922,10 @@ export default class Controller {
 		};
 		instanceConfig.set("factorio.settings", settings);

-		let instance = new InstanceInfo(instanceConfig, "unassigned", undefined, Date.now());
-		this.instances.set(instanceId, instance);
-		this.instancesDirty = true;
+		let instance = new InstanceInfo(instanceConfig, "unassigned", undefined, undefined, Date.now());
+		this.instances.set(instance);
 		await lib.invokeHook(this.plugins, "onInstanceStatusChanged", instance);
 		this.addInstanceHooks(instance);
-		this.instanceDetailsUpdated([instance]);
 		return instance;
 	}

@@ -911,19 +935,7 @@ export default class Controller {
 	 * @internal
 	 */
 	clearSavesOfInstance(instanceId: number) {
-		const updates = [];
-		const now = Date.now();
-		for (const [id, save] of this.saves) {
-			if (save.instanceId === instanceId) {
-				save.isDeleted = true;
-				save.updatedAtMs = now;
-				updates.push(save);
-				this.saves.delete(id);
-			}
-		}
-		if (updates.length) {
-			this.savesUpdated(updates);
-		}
+		this.saves.deleteMany([...this.saves.values()].filter(save => save.instanceId === instanceId));
 	}

 	/**
@@ -970,7 +982,6 @@ export default class Controller {

 		// Assign to target
 		instance.config.set("instance.assigned_host", hostId ?? null);
-		// "fieldChanged" event handler will set this.instancesDirty
 		if (hostId !== undefined && newHostConnection) {
 			await newHostConnection.send(
 				new lib.InstanceAssignInternalRequest(instanceId, instance.config.toRemote("host"))
@@ -978,8 +989,7 @@ export default class Controller {
 		} else {
 			instance.status = "unassigned";
 		}
-		instance.updatedAtMs = Date.now();
-		this.instanceDetailsUpdated([instance]);
+		this.instances.set(instance);
 	}

 	/**
@@ -996,16 +1006,13 @@ export default class Controller {
 		if (hostId !== null) {
 			await this.sendTo({ hostId }, new lib.InstanceDeleteInternalRequest(instanceId));
 		}
-		this.instances.delete(instanceId);
-		this.instancesDirty = true;
+
+		let prev = instance.status;
+		this.instances.delete(instance);

 		this.clearSavesOfInstance(instanceId);
 		this.userManager.clearStatsOfInstance(instanceId);

-		let prev = instance.status;
-		instance.status = "deleted";
-		instance.updatedAtMs = Date.now();
-		this.instanceDetailsUpdated([instance]);
 		await lib.invokeHook(this.plugins, "onInstanceStatusChanged", instance, prev);
 	}

@@ -1033,16 +1040,18 @@ export default class Controller {
 	addInstanceHooks(instance: InstanceInfo) {
 		instance.config.on("fieldChanged", (field: string, curr: any, prev: any) => {
 			instance.updatedAtMs = Date.now();
-			if (field === "instance.name") {
-				this.instanceDetailsUpdated([instance]);
-			}
+			this.instances.set(instance); // Trigger update logic

-			this.instancesDirty = true;
 			lib.invokeHook(this.plugins, "onInstanceConfigFieldChanged", instance, field, curr, prev);
 		});
 	}

 	instanceDetailsUpdated(instances: InstanceInfo[]) {
+		for (const instance of instances) {
+			if (instance.status === "stopped") {
+				this.subscriptions.unsubscribeAddress(lib.Address.fromShorthand({instanceId: instance.id}));
+			}
+		}
 		const updates = instances.map(instance => instance.toInstanceDetails());
 		this.subscriptions.broadcast(new lib.InstanceDetailsUpdatesEvent(updates));
 	}
@@ -1055,7 +1064,6 @@ export default class Controller {
 	}

 	savesUpdated(saves: lib.SaveDetails[]) {
-		this.savesDirty = true;
 		this.subscriptions.broadcast(new lib.InstanceSaveDetailsUpdatesEvent(saves));
 	}

@@ -1066,11 +1074,6 @@ export default class Controller {


 	modPacksUpdated(modPacks: lib.ModPack[]) {
-		const now = Date.now();
-		for (const modPack of modPacks) {
-			modPack.updatedAtMs = now;
-		}
-		this.modPacksDirty = true;
 		this.subscriptions.broadcast(new lib.ModPackUpdatesEvent(modPacks));
 		lib.invokeHook(this.plugins, "onModPacksUpdated", modPacks);
 	}
@@ -1130,27 +1133,34 @@ export default class Controller {
 		}
 	}

-	/**
-	 * Notify connected control clients with the given role that the
-	 * permissions may have changed.
-	 * @param role - Role permisions updated for.
-	 */
-	rolePermissionsUpdated(role: lib.Role) {
-		for (let controlConnection of this.wsServer.controlConnections.values()) {
-			if (controlConnection.user.roles.has(role)) {
-				controlConnection.send(
-					new lib.AccountUpdateEvent(
-						[...controlConnection.user.roles].map(r => ({
-							name: r.name,
-							id: r.id,
-							permissions: [...r.permissions],
-						}))
-					)
-				);
+	rolesUpdated(roles: lib.Role[]) {
+		this.subscriptions.broadcast(new lib.RoleUpdatesEvent(roles));
+		// lib.invokeHook(this.plugins, "onRolesUpdated", roles); // This doesn't exist at the moment
+		// Notify connected control clients with the given role that the permissions may have changed.
+		for (const role of roles) {
+			for (let controlConnection of this.wsServer.controlConnections.values()) {
+				if (controlConnection.user.roles.has(role)) {
+					controlConnection.send(
+						new lib.AccountUpdateEvent(
+							[...controlConnection.user.roles].map(r => ({
+								name: r.name,
+								id: r.id,
+								permissions: [...r.permissions],
+							}))
+						)
+					);
+				}
 			}
 		}
 	}

+	async handleRoleSubscription(request: lib.SubscriptionRequest) {
+		const roles = [...this.roles.values()].filter(
+			role => role.updatedAtMs > request.lastRequestTimeMs,
+		);
+		return roles.length ? new lib.RoleUpdatesEvent(roles) : null;
+	}
+
 	async loadPlugins() {
 		for (let pluginInfo of this.pluginInfos) {
 			try {
@@ -1160,7 +1170,12 @@ export default class Controller {
 				logger.warn(`Unable to load dist/web/manifest.json for plugin ${pluginInfo.name}`);
 			}

-			if (!this.config.get(`${pluginInfo.name}.load_plugin` as keyof lib.ControllerConfigFields)) {
+			if (!this.config.get(`${pluginInfo.name}.load_plugin`)) {
+				continue;
+			}
+
+			if (this.recoveryMode) {
+				logger.warn(`Recovery | force disabled plugin ${pluginInfo.name}`);
 				continue;
 			}

@@ -1228,7 +1243,7 @@ export default class Controller {
 	}

 	static calculateControllerUrl(config: lib.ControllerConfig) {
-		let url = config.get("controller.external_address");
+		let url = config.get("controller.public_url");
 		if (!url) {
 			if (config.get("controller.https_port")) {
 				url = `https://localhost:${config.get("controller.https_port")}/`;
@@ -1351,10 +1366,10 @@ export default class Controller {
 		throw Error(`Unknown type ${requestOrEvent.constructor.type}.`);
 	}

-	async sendRequest(request: any, dst: lib.Address) {
+	sendRequest(request: any, dst: lib.Address) {
 		let connection;
 		if (dst.type === lib.Address.controller) {
-			throw new Error("controller as dst is not supported.");
+			throw new Error(`Message would return back to sender ${dst}.`);

 		} else if (dst.type === lib.Address.control) {
 			connection = this.wsServer.controlConnections.get(dst.id);
@@ -1389,24 +1404,33 @@ export default class Controller {
 	sendEvent<T>(event: lib.Event<T>, dst: lib.Address) {
 		let connection;
 		if (dst.type === lib.Address.controller) {
-			throw new Error("controller as dst is not supported.");
+			throw new Error(`Message would return back to sender ${dst}.`);

 		} else if (dst.type === lib.Address.control) {
 			connection = this.wsServer.controlConnections.get(dst.id);
+			if (!connection) {
+				throw new Error("Target control connection does not exist.");
+			}

 		} else if (dst.type === lib.Address.instance) {
 			let instance = this.instances.get(dst.id);
 			if (!instance) {
-				return;
+				throw new Error(`Instance with ID ${dst.id} does not exist`);
 			}
 			let hostId = instance.config.get("instance.assigned_host");
 			if (hostId === null) {
-				return;
+				throw new Error("Instance is not assigned to a host");
 			}
 			connection = this.wsServer.hostConnections.get(hostId);
+			if (!connection) {
+				throw new Error("Host containing instance is not connected");
+			}

 		} else if (dst.type === lib.Address.host) {
 			connection = this.wsServer.hostConnections.get(dst.id);
+			if (!connection) {
+				throw new Error("Host is not connected");
+			}

 		} else if (dst.type === lib.Address.broadcast) {
 			if (dst.id === lib.Address.control) {
@@ -1424,7 +1448,7 @@ export default class Controller {
 				}

 			} else {
-				throw new Error(`Unexpected broacdast target ${dst.id}`);
+				throw new Error(`Unexpected broadcast target ${dst.id}`);
 			}
 			return;

@@ -1432,9 +1456,7 @@ export default class Controller {
 			throw new Error(`Unknown address type ${dst.type}`);
 		}

-		if (connection) {
-			connection.sendEvent(event, dst);
-		}
+		connection.sendEvent(event, dst);
 	}

 	async sendToHostByInstanceId<Req extends InstanceId, Res>(request: Req & lib.Request<Req, Res>): Promise<Res>;
@@ -1,10 +1,13 @@
 import { Static, Type } from "@sinclair/typebox";
-import { IControllerUser, PermissionError, PlayerStats, Role, User, permissions } from "@clusterio/lib";
-import type UserManager from "./UserManager";
+
+import {
+	IControllerUser, PermissionError, PlayerStats,
+	Role, SubscribableDatastore, User, permissions,
+} from "@clusterio/lib";

 export default class ControllerUser extends User implements IControllerUser {
 	constructor(
-		public userManager: UserManager,
+		private _controllerRoles: SubscribableDatastore<Role>,
 		/** Unix time in seconds the user token must be issued after to be valid.  */
 		public tokenValidAfter = 0,
 		...args: ConstructorParameters<typeof User>
@@ -17,7 +20,7 @@ export default class ControllerUser extends User implements IControllerUser {
 		token_valid_after: Type.Optional(Type.Number()),
 	});

-	static fromJSON(json: Static<typeof this.jsonSchema>, userManager: UserManager) {
+	static fromJSON(json: Static<typeof this.jsonSchema>, controllerRoles: SubscribableDatastore<Role>) {
 		const roleIds = new Set<number>(json.roles ?? []);
 		const instanceStats = new Map(
 			(json.instance_stats ?? []).map(
@@ -26,7 +29,7 @@ export default class ControllerUser extends User implements IControllerUser {
 		);
 		const playerStats = User._calculatePlayerStats(instanceStats);
 		return new this(
-			userManager,
+			controllerRoles,
 			json.token_valid_after,
 			json.name,
 			roleIds,
@@ -57,7 +60,7 @@ export default class ControllerUser extends User implements IControllerUser {

 	get roles(): ReadonlySet<Readonly<Role>> {
 		return new Set([...this.roleIds].map(
-			id => this.userManager.roles.get(id)
+			id => this._controllerRoles.get(id)
 		).filter(
 			(r): r is Role => Boolean(r)
 		));
@@ -79,7 +82,7 @@ export default class ControllerUser extends User implements IControllerUser {
 		}

 		for (let roleId of this.roleIds) {
-			let role = this.userManager.roles.get(roleId);
+			let role = this._controllerRoles.get(roleId);
 			if (!role) {
 				continue;
 			}
@@ -42,13 +42,12 @@ export default class HostConnection extends BaseConnection {
 			0,
 			false,
 		);
-		this._controller.hosts.set(this.id, this.info);
-		this._controller.hostsUpdated([this.info]);
+		this._controller.hosts.set(this.info);

 		this._checkPluginVersions();

 		for (let event of ["connect", "drop", "resume", "close"] as const) {
-			// eslint-disable-next-line no-loop-func
+
 			this.connector.on(event, () => {
 				for (let plugin of this._controller.plugins.values()) {
 					plugin.onHostConnectionEvent(this, event);
@@ -57,10 +56,9 @@ export default class HostConnection extends BaseConnection {
 		}

 		this.connector.on("close", () => {
-			const now = Date.now();
 			// Update status to unknown for instances on this host.
 			const instances: InstanceInfo[] = [];
-			for (let instance of this._controller.instances.values()) {
+			for (let instance of this._controller.instances.valuesMutable()) {
 				if (instance.config.get("instance.assigned_host") !== this.id) {
 					continue;
 				}
@@ -68,21 +66,24 @@ export default class HostConnection extends BaseConnection {
 				instances.push(instance);
 				let prev = instance.status;
 				instance.status = "unknown";
-				instance.updatedAtMs = now;
 				lib.invokeHook(this._controller.plugins, "onInstanceStatusChanged", instance, prev);
 			}
-			this._controller.instanceDetailsUpdated(instances);
+			this._controller.instances.setMany(instances);

 			this.info.connected = false;
-			this._controller.hostsUpdated([this.info]);
+			this._controller.hosts.set(this.info);
 		});

+		this.handle(lib.GetFactorioCredentialsRequest, this.handleGetFactorioCredentialsRequest.bind(this));
 		this.handle(lib.HostInfoUpdateEvent, this.handleHostInfoUpdateEvent.bind(this));
 		this.handle(lib.InstanceStatusChangedEvent, this.handleInstanceStatusChangedEvent.bind(this));
 		this.handle(lib.InstancesUpdateRequest, this.handleInstancesUpdateRequest.bind(this));
 		this.handle(lib.InstanceSaveDetailsUpdatesEvent, this.handleInstanceSaveDetailsUpdatesEvent.bind(this));
 		this.handle(lib.LogMessageEvent, this.handleLogMessageEvent.bind(this));
 		this.handle(lib.InstancePlayerUpdateEvent, this.handleInstancePlayerUpdateEvent.bind(this));
+		this.snoopEvent(lib.InstanceAdminlistUpdateEvent, this.snoopInstanceAdminlistUpdateEvent.bind(this));
+		this.snoopEvent(lib.InstanceBanlistUpdateEvent, this.snoopInstanceBanlistUpdateEvent.bind(this));
+		this.snoopEvent(lib.InstanceWhitelistUpdateEvent, this.snoopInstanceWhitelistUpdateEvent.bind(this));
 	}

 	validateIngress(message: lib.MessageRoutable) {
@@ -155,14 +156,33 @@ export default class HostConnection extends BaseConnection {
 		return this.info.id;
 	}

+	/**
+	 * Remote address of the host this connection is connected to
+	 *
+	 * @returns {string} host remote address.
+	 */
+	get remoteAddress() {
+		return this.info.remoteAddress;
+	}
+
+	async handleGetFactorioCredentialsRequest() {
+		if (this._controller.config.get("controller.share_factorio_credentials_with_hosts")) {
+			return {
+				username: this._controller.config.get("controller.factorio_username") ?? undefined,
+				token: this._controller.config.get("controller.factorio_token") ?? undefined,
+			};
+		}
+		return {};
+	}
+
 	async handleHostInfoUpdateEvent(event: lib.HostInfoUpdateEvent) {
 		this.info.name = event.update.name;
 		this.info.publicAddress = event.update.publicAddress;
-		this._controller.hostsUpdated([this.info]);
+		this._controller.hosts.set(this.info);
 	}

 	async handleInstanceStatusChangedEvent(request: lib.InstanceStatusChangedEvent) {
-		let instance = this._controller.instances.get(request.instanceId);
+		let instance = this._controller.instances.getMutable(request.instanceId);

 		// It's possible to get updates from an instance that does not exist
 		// or is not assigned to the host it originated from if it was
@@ -188,9 +208,9 @@ export default class HostConnection extends BaseConnection {
 		let prev = instance.status;
 		instance.status = request.status;
 		instance.gamePort = request.gamePort;
-		instance.updatedAtMs = Date.now();
+		instance.factorioVersion = request.factorioVersion;
+		this._controller.instances.set(instance);
 		logger.verbose(`Instance ${instance.config.get("instance.name")} State: ${instance.status}`);
-		this._controller.instanceDetailsUpdated([instance]);
 		await lib.invokeHook(this._controller.plugins, "onInstanceStatusChanged", instance, prev);
 	}

@@ -210,7 +230,7 @@ export default class HostConnection extends BaseConnection {
 			const instanceConfig = new lib.InstanceConfig("controller");
 			instanceConfig.update(instanceData.config, false, "host");

-			let controllerInstance = this._controller.instances.get(instanceConfig.get("instance.id"));
+			let controllerInstance = this._controller.instances.getMutable(instanceConfig.get("instance.id"));
 			if (controllerInstance) {
 				// Check if this instance is assigned somewhere else.
 				if (controllerInstance.config.get("instance.assigned_host") !== this.id) {
@@ -225,9 +245,9 @@ export default class HostConnection extends BaseConnection {
 					let prev = controllerInstance.status;
 					controllerInstance.status = instanceData.status;
 					controllerInstance.gamePort = instanceData.gamePort;
-					controllerInstance.updatedAtMs = Date.now();
-					logger.verbose(`Instance ${instanceConfig.get("instance.name")} State: ${instanceData.status}`);
+					controllerInstance.factorioVersion = instanceData.factorioVersion;
 					instanceUpdates.push(controllerInstance);
+					logger.verbose(`Instance ${instanceConfig.get("instance.name")} State: ${instanceData.status}`);
 					await lib.invokeHook(
 						this._controller.plugins, "onInstanceStatusChanged", controllerInstance, prev
 					);
@@ -240,23 +260,20 @@ export default class HostConnection extends BaseConnection {
 				instanceConfig,
 				instanceData.status,
 				instanceData.gamePort,
+				instanceData.factorioVersion,
 				Date.now(),
 			);
-			this._controller.instances.set(instanceConfig.get("instance.id"), newInstance);
-			this._controller.instancesDirty = true;
+			instanceUpdates.push(newInstance);
 			this._controller.addInstanceHooks(newInstance);
 			await this.send(
 				new lib.InstanceAssignInternalRequest(
 					instanceConfig.get("instance.id"), instanceConfig.toRemote("host")
 				)
 			);
-			instanceUpdates.push(newInstance);
 			await lib.invokeHook(this._controller.plugins, "onInstanceStatusChanged", newInstance);
 		}

-		if (instanceUpdates.length) {
-			this._controller.instanceDetailsUpdated(instanceUpdates);
-		}
+		this._controller.instances.setMany(instanceUpdates);

 		// Push lists to make sure they are in sync.
 		let adminlist: Set<string> = new Set();
@@ -265,13 +282,13 @@ export default class HostConnection extends BaseConnection {

 		for (let user of this._controller.userManager.users.values()) {
 			if (user.isAdmin) {
-				adminlist.add(user.name);
+				adminlist.add(user.id);
 			}
 			if (user.isBanned) {
-				banlist.set(user.name, user.banReason);
+				banlist.set(user.id, user.banReason);
 			}
 			if (user.isWhitelisted) {
-				whitelist.add(user.name);
+				whitelist.add(user.id);
 			}
 		}

@@ -279,33 +296,27 @@ export default class HostConnection extends BaseConnection {
 	}

 	async handleInstanceSaveDetailsUpdatesEvent(event: lib.InstanceSaveDetailsUpdatesEvent) {
-		const now = Date.now();
 		const updates: lib.SaveDetails[] = [];
+		const deletes: lib.SaveDetails[] = [];
 		for (const save of event.updates) {
 			const existingSave = this._controller.saves.get(save.id);
 			if (existingSave && save.equals(existingSave)) {
 				continue;
 			}
-			save.updatedAtMs = now;
-			this._controller.saves.set(save.id, save);
 			updates.push(save);
 		}
 		if (event.instanceId !== undefined) {
 			const updatedSaves = new Set(event.updates.map(s => s.id));
-			for (const [id, save] of this._controller.saves) {
-				if (save.instanceId === event.instanceId && !updatedSaves.has(id)) {
-					save.isDeleted = true;
-					save.updatedAtMs = now;
-					updates.push(save);
-					this._controller.saves.delete(id);
+			for (const save of this._controller.saves.values()) {
+				if (save.instanceId === event.instanceId && !updatedSaves.has(save.id)) {
+					deletes.push(save);
 				}
 			}
 		}
 		// Hosts eagerly send updates, which means we may get an update
-		// where nothing actualy changed.
-		if (updates.length) {
-			this._controller.savesUpdated(updates);
-		}
+		// where nothing actually changed.
+		this._controller.saves.setMany(updates);
+		this._controller.saves.deleteMany(deletes);
 	}

 	async handleLogMessageEvent(event: lib.LogMessageEvent) {
@@ -318,7 +329,7 @@ export default class HostConnection extends BaseConnection {

 	async handleInstancePlayerUpdateEvent(event: lib.InstancePlayerUpdateEvent, src: lib.Address) {
 		let instanceId = src.id;
-		let user = this._controller.userManager.users.get(event.name);
+		let user = this._controller.userManager.getByName(event.name);
 		if (!user) {
 			user = this._controller.userManager.createUser(event.name);
 		}
@@ -342,4 +353,66 @@ export default class HostConnection extends BaseConnection {
 			stats: event.stats,
 		});
 	}
+
+	async snoopInstanceAdminlistUpdateEvent(event: lib.InstanceAdminlistUpdateEvent, src: lib.Address) {
+		if (src.type !== lib.Address.instance) {
+			return;
+		}
+
+		let user = this._controller.userManager.getByName(event.name);
+		if (!user) {
+			user = this._controller.userManager.createUser(event.name);
+		}
+
+		user.isAdmin = event.admin;
+		this._controller.usersUpdated([user]);
+		const instance = this._controller.instances.get(src.id)!;
+		await lib.invokeHook(this._controller.plugins, "onPlayerEvent", instance, {
+			type: event.admin ? "promote" : "demote" as lib.PlayerEvent["type"],
+			name: event.name,
+			stats: user.instanceStats.get(src.id)!,
+		});
+	}
+
+	async snoopInstanceBanlistUpdateEvent(event: lib.InstanceBanlistUpdateEvent, src: lib.Address) {
+		if (src.type !== lib.Address.instance) {
+			return;
+		}
+
+		let user = this._controller.userManager.getByName(event.name);
+		if (!user) {
+			user = this._controller.userManager.createUser(event.name);
+		}
+
+		user.isBanned = event.banned;
+		user.banReason = event.reason;
+		this._controller.usersUpdated([user]);
+		const instance = this._controller.instances.get(src.id)!;
+		await lib.invokeHook(this._controller.plugins, "onPlayerEvent", instance, {
+			type: event.banned ? "ban" : "unban" as lib.PlayerEvent["type"],
+			name: event.name,
+			stats: user.instanceStats.get(src.id)!,
+			resaon: event.reason,
+		});
+	}
+
+	async snoopInstanceWhitelistUpdateEvent(event: lib.InstanceWhitelistUpdateEvent, src: lib.Address) {
+		if (src.type !== lib.Address.instance) {
+			return;
+		}
+
+		let user = this._controller.userManager.getByName(event.name);
+		if (!user) {
+			user = this._controller.userManager.createUser(event.name);
+		}
+
+		user.isWhitelisted = event.whitelisted;
+		this._controller.usersUpdated([user]);
+		const instance = this._controller.instances.get(src.id)!;
+		await lib.invokeHook(this._controller.plugins, "onPlayerEvent", instance, {
+			type: event.whitelisted ? "whitelisted" : "unwhitelisted" as lib.PlayerEvent["type"],
+			name: event.name,
+			stats: user.instanceStats.get(src.id)!,
+		});
+	}
 }
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ export default class InstanceInfo {
 		public config: lib.InstanceConfig,
 		public status: lib.InstanceStatus,
 		public gamePort?: number,
+		public factorioVersion?: lib.TargetVersion,
 		public updatedAtMs = 0,
 	) {
 		this.config = config;
@@ -22,6 +23,7 @@ export default class InstanceInfo {
 		"status": lib.InstanceStatus,
 		"gamePort": Type.Optional(Type.Number()),
 		"updatedAtMs": Type.Optional(Type.Number()),
+		"factorioVersion": Type.Optional(lib.TargetVersionSchema),
 	});

 	static fromJSON(json: Static<typeof this.jsonSchema>, location: lib.ConfigLocation) {
@@ -29,6 +31,7 @@ export default class InstanceInfo {
 			lib.InstanceConfig.fromJSON(json.config, location),
 			json.status,
 			json.gamePort,
+			json.factorioVersion,
 			json.updatedAtMs,
 		);
 	}
@@ -40,7 +43,9 @@ export default class InstanceInfo {
 			this.config.get("instance.assigned_host") ?? undefined,
 			this.gamePort,
 			this.status,
+			this.factorioVersion,
 			this.updatedAtMs,
+			this.config.get("instance.exclude_from_start_all"),
 		);
 	}

@@ -48,6 +53,13 @@ export default class InstanceInfo {
 		return this.status === "deleted";
 	}

+	set isDeleted(value: boolean) {
+		if (value === false) {
+			throw new Error("Setting isDeleted to false is not supported, use status instead.");
+		}
+		this.status = "deleted";
+	}
+
 	/** Shorthand for `instance.config.get("instance.id")` */
 	get id():number {
 		return this.config.get("instance.id");
@@ -10,8 +10,7 @@ import ControllerUser from "./ControllerUser";
 * @alias module:controller/src/UserManager
 */
 export default class UserManager {
-	roles: Map<number, lib.Role> = new Map();
-	users: Map<string, ControllerUser> = new Map();
+	users: Map<ControllerUser["id"], ControllerUser> = new Map();
 	dirty = false;

 	/**
@@ -20,51 +19,61 @@ export default class UserManager {
 	onlineUsers = new Set<ControllerUser>();

 	constructor(
-		private _config: lib.ControllerConfig
+		private _config: lib.ControllerConfig,
+		private _roles: lib.SubscribableDatastore<lib.Role>,
 	) {
 	}

+	getByName(name: string) {
+		return this.users.get(name.toLowerCase());
+	}
+
 	async load(filePath: string): Promise<void> {
 		try {
 			let content = JSON.parse(await fs.readFile(filePath, { encoding: "utf8" }));
-			for (let serializedRole of content.roles) {
-				let role = lib.Role.fromJSON(serializedRole);
-				this.roles.set(role.id, role);
+			if ("roles" in content) { // Split file format after 2.0.0-alpha.22
+				this._roles.setMany(content.roles.map((serializedRole: any) => lib.Role.fromJSON(serializedRole)));
+				await this._roles.save(); // Force a save to prevent data loss
+				content = content.users;
 			}

-			for (let serializedUser of content.users) {
-				let user = ControllerUser.fromJSON(serializedUser, this);
-				this.users.set(user.name, user);
+			let duplicates = 0;
+			for (const serializedUser of content) {
+				const user = ControllerUser.fromJSON(serializedUser, this._roles);
+				const existingUser = this.users.get(user.id);
+				if (existingUser) {
+					// Required migration to all lowercase ids in alpha 19
+					duplicates += 1;
+					// We assume the user with the lower online time is the duplicate
+					if (user.playerStats.onlineTimeMs <= existingUser.playerStats.onlineTimeMs) {
+						existingUser.merge(user);
+						continue; // Skip users.set
+					}
+					user.merge(existingUser);
+				}
+				this.users.set(user.id, user);
+			}
+
+			if (duplicates) {
+				const backupPath = `${filePath}.${Date.now()}.bak`;
+				lib.logger.warn(
+					`A total of ${duplicates} users were merged, a backup was written to: ${backupPath}`
+				);
+				await lib.safeOutputFile(backupPath, JSON.stringify(content, null, "\t"));
 			}

 		} catch (err: any) {
 			if (err.code !== "ENOENT") {
 				throw err;
 			}
-
-			// Create default roles if loading failed
-			lib.ensureDefaultAdminRole(this.roles);
-			lib.ensureDefaultPlayerRole(this.roles);
 		}
 	}

-	async save(filePath:string): Promise<void> {
-		let serializedRoles = [];
-		for (let role of this.roles.values()) {
-			serializedRoles.push(role.toJSON());
-		}
-
-		let serializedUsers = [];
-		for (let user of this.users.values()) {
-			serializedUsers.push(user.toJSON(true));
-		}
-
-		let serialized = {
-			users: serializedUsers,
-			roles: serializedRoles,
-		};
+	async save(filePath: string): Promise<void> {
 		this.dirty = false;
-		await lib.safeOutputFile(filePath, JSON.stringify(serialized, null, "\t"));
+		await lib.safeOutputFile(filePath,
+			JSON.stringify([...this.users.values()].map(user => user.toJSON(true)), null, "\t")
+		);
 	}

 	/**
@@ -72,32 +81,32 @@ export default class UserManager {
 	 * @param name - Name of the user to create.
 	 * @returns The created user.
 	 */
-	createUser(name:string): ControllerUser {
-		if (this.users.has(name)) {
+	createUser(name: string): ControllerUser {
+		if (this.getByName(name)) {
 			throw new Error(`User '${name}' already exists`);
 		}

 		let roles = new Set<number>();
 		let defaultRoleId = this._config.get("controller.default_role_id");
-		if (defaultRoleId !== null && this.roles.has(defaultRoleId)) {
+		if (defaultRoleId !== null && this._roles.has(defaultRoleId)) {
 			roles.add(defaultRoleId);
 		}

-		let user = new ControllerUser(this, 0, name, roles);
-		this.users.set(name, user);
+		let user = new ControllerUser(this._roles, 0, name, roles);
+		this.users.set(user.id, user);
 		this.dirty = true;
 		return user;
 	}

 	/**
-	 * Sign access token for the given user name
+	 * Sign access token for the given user
 	 *
-	 * @param name - user name to sign token for
+	 * @param user - user to sign token for
 	 * @returns JWT access token for the user.
 	 */
-	signUserToken(name: string): string {
+	signUserToken(user: ControllerUser): string {
 		return jwt.sign(
-			{ aud: "user", user: name },
+			{ aud: "user", user: user.id },
 			Buffer.from(this._config.get("controller.auth_secret"), "base64")
 		);
 	}
@@ -78,11 +78,11 @@ export default class WsServer {

 		let disconnectTasks = [];
 		for (let controlConnection of this.controlConnections.values()) {
-			disconnectTasks.push(controlConnection.disconnect(1001, "Server Quit"));
+			disconnectTasks.push(controlConnection.disconnect(lib.ConnectionClosed.GoingAway, "Server Quit"));
 		}

 		for (let hostConnection of this.hostConnections.values()) {
-			disconnectTasks.push(hostConnection.disconnect(1001, "Server Quit"));
+			disconnectTasks.push(hostConnection.disconnect(lib.ConnectionClosed.GoingAway, "Server Quit"));
 		}

 		logger.info(`WsServer | Waiting for ${disconnectTasks.length} connectors to close`);
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ export default class WsServer {
 		}

 		for (let socket of this.pendingSockets) {
-			socket.close(1001, "Server Quit");
+			socket.close(lib.ConnectionClosed.GoingAway, "Server Quit");
 		}
 	}

@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ export default class WsServer {
 ${err.stack}`
 				);
 				wsRejectedConnectionsCounter.inc();
-				socket.close(1011, "Unexpected error");
+				socket.close(lib.ConnectionClosed.InternalError, "Unexpected error");
 			});
 		});
 	}
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ ${err.stack}`
 		} catch (err: any) {
 			logger.verbose(`WsServer | closing ${this.remoteAddr(req)} after receiving invalid message`);
 			wsRejectedConnectionsCounter.inc();
-			socket.close(1002, `Invalid message: ${err.message}`);
+			socket.close(lib.ConnectionClosed.ProtocolError, `Invalid message: ${err.message}`);
 			return;
 		}

@@ -196,14 +196,14 @@ ${err.stack}`
 		if (message.type !== "registerHost" && message.type !== "registerControl") {
 			logger.verbose(`WsServer | closing ${this.remoteAddr(req)} after receiving invalid handshake`);
 			wsRejectedConnectionsCounter.inc();
-			socket.close(1002, "Bad handshake");
+			socket.close(lib.ConnectionClosed.ProtocolError, "Bad handshake");
 			return;
 		}

 		if (this.stopAcceptingNewSessions) {
 			logger.verbose(`WsServer | closing ${this.remoteAddr(req)}, server is shutting down`);
 			wsRejectedConnectionsCounter.inc();
-			socket.close(1001, "Shutting down");
+			socket.close(lib.ConnectionClosed.GoingAway, "Shutting down");
 			return;
 		}

@@ -239,6 +239,13 @@ ${err.stack}`
 	}

 	async registerHost(data: lib.RegisterHostData, socket: WebSocket, req: IncomingMessage) {
+		if (this.controller.recoveryMode) {
+			logger.warn(`Recovery | rejected host connection attempt for ${this.remoteAddr(req)}`);
+			wsRejectedConnectionsCounter.inc();
+			socket.close(lib.ConnectionClosed.RecoveryMode, "Connection Refused: Controller in recovery mode");
+			return;
+		}
+
 		try {
 			let tokenPayload = jwt.verify(
 				data.token,
@@ -263,15 +270,26 @@ ${err.stack}`
 		} catch (err: any) {
 			logger.verbose(`WsServer | authentication failed for ${this.remoteAddr(req)}`);
 			wsRejectedConnectionsCounter.inc();
-			socket.close(4003, `Authentication failed: ${err.message}`);
+			socket.close(lib.ConnectionClosed.Unauthorized, `Authentication failed: ${err.message}`);
 			return;
 		}

-		let [connector, sessionToken] = this.createSession(new lib.Address(lib.Address.host, data.id));
 		let connection = this.hostConnections.get(data.id);
 		if (connection) {
-			logger.verbose(`WsServer | disconnecting existing connection for host ${data.id}`);
-			await connection.disconnect(1008, "Registered from another connection");
+			if (connection.remoteAddress !== this.remoteAddr(req)) {
+				logger.verbose(
+					`WsServer | disallowed duplicate connection from ${this.remoteAddr(req)} for host ${data.id}`
+				);
+				wsRejectedConnectionsCounter.inc();
+				socket.close(lib.ConnectionClosed.PolicyViolation, "Host already connected from another address");
+				return;
+			}
+			logger.verbose(
+				`WsServer | disconnecting duplicate connection from host ${data.id}`
+			);
+			await connection.disconnect(
+				lib.ConnectionClosed.PolicyViolation, "Newer connection for host from same address"
+			);
 		}

 		logger.info(
@@ -284,6 +302,8 @@ ${err.stack}`
 			);
 		}

+		let [connector, sessionToken] = this.createSession(new lib.Address(lib.Address.host, data.id));
+
 		// Handle close before HostConnection does. This avoids a host
 		// connection event happening between the connection breaking and
 		// it being removed from the host connections list.
@@ -314,7 +334,7 @@ ${err.stack}`
 				throw new Error("unexpected JsonWebToken type");
 			}

-			user = this.controller.userManager.users.get(tokenPayload.user);
+			user = this.controller.userManager.getByName(tokenPayload.user);
 			if (!user) {
 				throw new Error("invalid user");
 			}
@@ -326,7 +346,7 @@ ${err.stack}`
 		} catch (err: any) {
 			logger.verbose(`WsServer | authentication failed for ${this.remoteAddr(req)}`);
 			wsRejectedConnectionsCounter.inc();
-			socket.close(4003, `Authentication failed: ${err.message}`);
+			socket.close(lib.ConnectionClosed.Unauthorized, `Authentication failed: ${err.message}`);
 			return;
 		}

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import type WebSocket from "ws";

 import events from "events";
+import assert from "assert/strict";

 import * as lib from "@clusterio/lib";
 const { logger } = lib;
@@ -113,8 +114,7 @@ export default class WsServerConnector extends lib.WebSocketBaseConnector {

 	_timedOut() {
 		logger.verbose("Connector | Connection timed out");
-		this._reset();
-		this.emit("close");
+		this._close();
 	}

 	_attachSocketHandlers() {
@@ -130,8 +130,7 @@ export default class WsServerConnector extends lib.WebSocketBaseConnector {
 			this._socket = null;

 			if (this._closing) {
-				this._reset();
-				this.emit("close");
+				this._close();

 			} else {
 				this._state = "resuming";
@@ -187,8 +186,7 @@ export default class WsServerConnector extends lib.WebSocketBaseConnector {
 		}

 		if (this._state === "resuming") {
-			this._reset();
-			this.emit("close");
+			this._close();
 			return;
 		}

@@ -223,8 +221,7 @@ export default class WsServerConnector extends lib.WebSocketBaseConnector {
 	 */
 	setClosing() {
 		if (this._state === "resuming") {
-			this._reset();
-			this.emit("close");
+			this._close();
 			return;
 		}

@@ -109,9 +109,7 @@ function getPlugins(req: Request, res: Response) {
 	for (let pluginInfo of req.app.locals.controller.pluginInfos) {
 		let name = pluginInfo.name;
 		let loaded = req.app.locals.controller.plugins.has(name);
-		let enabled = loaded && req.app.locals.controller.config.get(
-			`${pluginInfo.name}.load_plugin` as keyof lib.ControllerConfigFields,
-		) as unknown as boolean;
+		let enabled = loaded && req.app.locals.controller.config.get(`${pluginInfo.name}.load_plugin`);
 		// Note: Cast through unknown is needed because load_plugin is
 		// defined at runtime and no other fields in the controller config
 		// currently have the boolean type.
@@ -136,6 +134,12 @@ function getPlugins(req: Request, res: Response) {
 	res.send(plugins);
 }

+function getClusterName(req: Request, res: Response) {
+	const controller: Controller = req.app.locals.controller;
+	const clusterName = controller.config.get("controller.name");
+	res.json({ name: clusterName });
+}
+
 function validateHostToken(req: Request, res: Response, next: any) {
 	let token = req.header("x-access-token");
 	if (!token) {
@@ -185,7 +189,7 @@ function validateUserToken(req: Request, res: Response, next: any) {
 		if (typeof tokenPayload === "string") {
 			throw new Error("unexpected JsonWebToken type");
 		}
-		let user = req.app.locals.controller.userManager.users.get(tokenPayload.user);
+		let user = req.app.locals.controller.userManager.getByName(tokenPayload.user);
 		if (!user) {
 			throw new Error("invalid user");
 		}
@@ -218,7 +222,7 @@ async function uploadExport(req: Request, res: Response) {
 		res.sendStatus(400);
 		return;
 	}
-	let modPack = res.app.locals.controller.modPacks.get(modPackId);
+	let modPack = res.app.locals.controller.modPacks.getMutable(modPackId);
 	if (!modPack) {
 		res.sendStatus(400);
 		return;
@@ -261,11 +265,17 @@ async function uploadExport(req: Request, res: Response) {

 	modPack.exportManifest = new lib.ExportManifest(assets);
 	modPack.fillDefaultSettings(settingPrototypes, logger);
-	res.app.locals.controller.modPacksUpdated([modPack]);
+	res.app.locals.controller.modPacks.set(modPack);

 	res.sendStatus(200);
 }

+type ProxyStreamEvents = {
+	"error": [ err: any ],
+	"close": [],
+	"timeout": [],
+	"source": [],
+}

 export interface ProxyStream {
 	id: string;
@@ -274,7 +284,7 @@ export interface ProxyStream {
 	size?: string;
 	mime?: string;
 	filename: string | null;
-	events: events.EventEmitter;
+	events: events.EventEmitter<ProxyStreamEvents>;
 	timeout: ReturnType<typeof setTimeout>;
 }

@@ -658,6 +668,7 @@ async function uploadMod(req: Request, res: Response) {
 export function addRouteHandlers(app: Application) {
 	app.get("/metrics", (req:Request, res:Response, next:any) => getMetrics(req, res, next).catch(next));
 	app.get("/api/plugins", getPlugins);
+	app.get("/api/cluster-name", getClusterName);
 	app.put("/api/upload-export",
 		validateHostToken,
 		(req:Request, res:Response, next:any) => uploadExport(req, res).catch(next)
@@ -690,4 +701,5 @@ export const webRoutes = [
 	"/roles/:id/view",
 	"/plugins",
 	"/plugins/:name/view",
+	"/error",
 ];
@@ -7,6 +7,5 @@
 	"include": [ "web/**/*.tsx", "web/**/*.ts", "package.json" ],
 	"compilerOptions": {
 		"rootDir": "..",
-		"outDir": "dist/browser",
 	}
 }
@@ -4,7 +4,4 @@
 		{ "path": "../lib/tsconfig.node.json" },
 	],
 	"include": ["index.ts", "controller.ts", "package.json", "src/**/*.ts"],
-	"compilerOptions": {
-		"outDir": "dist/node",
-	},
 }
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ const { merge } = require("webpack-merge");

 const common = require("@clusterio/web_ui/webpack.common");

-module.exports = (env = {}) => merge(common(env), {
+module.exports = (env = {}, argv = {}) => merge(common(env, argv), {
 	context: __dirname,
 	entry: "./web/index.tsx",
 	devServer: {
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ const fs = require("fs-extra");
 const inquirer = require("inquirer");
 const os = require("os");
 const path = require("path");
-const phin = require("phin");
 const stream = require("stream");
 const util = require("util");
 const yargs = require("yargs");
@@ -16,6 +15,7 @@ const { copyPluginTemplates } = require("./template");
 let dev = false;
 const scriptExt = process.platform === "win32" ? ".cmd" : "";
 const finished = util.promisify(stream.finished);
+const { escapeArg } = require("./escape_arg");

 // I hate this, there is a bug with rl.close on windows that was meant to have been fixed in Node14.4
 // See nodejs/node#21771 and nodejs/node#30701 for the apparent fix that was applied
@@ -106,15 +106,25 @@ async function safeOutputFile(file, data, options={}) {
 }

 async function execFile(cmd, args) {
-	logger.verbose(`executing ${cmd} ${args.join(" ")}`);
+	const escaped = args.map(escapeArg);
+	logger.verbose(`executing ${cmd} ${escaped.join(" ")}`);
 	return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
-		let child = child_process.execFile(cmd, args, { shell: true }, (err, stdout, stderr) => {
-			if (err) {
-				reject(err);
-			} else {
-				resolve({ stdout, stderr });
+		let child = child_process.execFile(
+			cmd,
+			escaped,
+			{
+				shell: true,
+
+				env: process.platform === "win32" ? { ...process.env, pct: "%" } : undefined,
+			},
+			(err, stdout, stderr) => {
+				if (err) {
+					reject(err);
+				} else {
+					resolve({ stdout, stderr });
+				}
 			}
-		});
+		);
 		let stdout = new LineSplitter({ readableObjectMode: true });
 		stdout.on("data", line => { logger.verbose(line.toString()); });
 		child.stdout.pipe(stdout);
@@ -386,7 +396,7 @@ async function installClusterio(mode, plugins) {
 		}
 		for (let plugin of plugins) {
 			if (!pluginList.has(plugin)) {
-				// eslint-disable-next-line node/global-require
+
 				let pluginInfo = require(require.resolve(plugin, { paths: [process.cwd()] })).plugin;
 				pluginList.set(pluginInfo.name, plugin);
 			}
@@ -551,6 +561,25 @@ async function inquirerMissingArgs(args) {
 				},
 			},
 		], answers);
+
+		if (args.httpPort) { answers.httpPort = args.httpPort; }
+		answers = await inquirer.prompt([
+			{
+				type: "input",
+				name: "httpPort",
+				message: "HTTP port to listen on",
+				default: 8080,
+				validate: input => {
+					if (!input) {
+						return "May not be empty";
+					}
+					if (!Number.isInteger(Number(input))) {
+						return "Must be a number";
+					}
+					return true;
+				},
+			},
+		], answers);
 	}

 	if (answers.mode === "host") {
@@ -594,8 +623,8 @@ async function inquirerMissingArgs(args) {
 			answers.publicAddress = args.publicAddress;
 		} else {
 			try {
-				let result = await phin("https://api.ipify.org/");
-				myIp = result.body.toString();
+				let result = await fetch("https://api.ipify.org/");
+				myIp = await result.text();
 			} catch (err) { /* ignore */ }
 		}
 		answers = await inquirer.prompt([
@@ -659,6 +688,18 @@ async function inquirerMissingArgs(args) {
 		}
 	}

+	if (["standalone", "controller", "host"].includes(answers.mode)) {
+		if (args.hasOwnProperty("remoteNpm")) { answers.remoteNpm = args.remoteNpm; }
+		answers = await inquirer.prompt([
+			{
+				type: "confirm",
+				name: "remoteNpm",
+				message: "Allow remote updates via npm?",
+				default: true,
+			},
+		], answers);
+	}
+
 	if (answers.mode === "plugin-template") {
 		if (args["plugin-template"] && args["plugin-template"].length > 0) {
 			answers.pluginTemplate = args["plugin-template"];
@@ -680,6 +721,7 @@ async function inquirerMissingArgs(args) {
 					{ name: "Command Line", value: "ctl" },
 					{ name: "Web UI", value: "web" },
 					{ name: "No Typescript", value: "js" },
+					{ name: "No Config", value: "no_config" },
 				],
 			},
 			{
@@ -710,12 +752,16 @@ async function inquirerMissingArgs(args) {
 }

 async function downloadLinuxServer() {
-	let res = await phin("https://factorio.com/get-download/stable/headless/linux64");
+	let res = await fetch("https://factorio.com/get-download/stable/headless/linux64");

-	const url = new URL(res.headers.location);
 	// get the filename of the latest factorio archive from redirected url
+	const url = new URL(res.url); // The res is redirects, need final url
 	const filename = path.posix.basename(url.pathname);
-	const version = filename.match(/(?<=factorio_headless_x64_).*(?=\.tar\.xz)/)[0];
+	const match = filename.match(/(?<=factorio_headless_x64_|factorio-headless_linux_)\d+\.\d+\.\d+(?=\.tar\.xz)/);
+	if (!match || !match.length) {
+		throw Error(`Unable to extract version from filename: ${filename}`);
+	}
+	const version = match[0];

 	const tmpDir = "temp/create-temp/";
 	const archivePath = tmpDir + filename;
@@ -726,17 +772,11 @@ async function downloadLinuxServer() {
 	if (await fs.pathExists(factorioDir)) {
 		logger.warn(`setting downloadDir to ${factorioDir}, but not downloading because already existing`);
 	} else {
-		await fs.ensureDir(tmpDir);
-
-		// follow the redirect
-		res = await phin({
-			url: url.href,
-			stream: true,
-		});
+		await fs.emptyDir(tmpDir);

 		logger.info("Downloading latest Factorio server release. This may take a while.");
 		const writeStream = fs.createWriteStream(tmpArchivePath);
-		res.pipe(writeStream);
+		stream.Readable.fromWeb(res.body).pipe(writeStream);

 		await finished(writeStream);

@@ -751,8 +791,10 @@ async function downloadLinuxServer() {
 			throw e;
 		}

-		await fs.unlink(archivePath);
+		await fs.ensureDir("factorio");
 		await fs.rename(tmpFactorioDir, factorioDir);
+		await fs.unlink(archivePath);
+		await fs.rm(tmpDir);
 	}
 }

@@ -775,6 +817,13 @@ async function main() {
 		.option("admin", {
 			nargs: 1, describe: "Admin account name [standalone/controller]", type: "string",
 		})
+		.option("http-port", {
+			nargs: 1, describe: "HTTP port to listen on [standalone/controller]", type: "number",
+		})
+		.option("download-headless", {
+			describe: "Download the latest headless release [standalone/controller] [linux only]",
+			type: "boolean", nargs: 0,
+		})
 		.option("host-name", {
 			nargs: 1, describe: "Host name [host]", type: "string",
 		})
@@ -790,6 +839,9 @@ async function main() {
 		.option("factorio-dir", {
 			nargs: 1, describe: "Path to Factorio installation [standalone/host]", type: "string",
 		})
+		.option("remote-npm", {
+			nargs: 0, description: "Allow remote updates via npm [standalone/controller/host]", type: "boolean",
+		})
 		.option("plugins", {
 			array: true, describe: "Plugins to install", type: "string",
 		})
@@ -854,6 +906,9 @@ async function main() {
 	if (["standalone", "controller"].includes(answers.mode)) {
 		logger.info("Setting up controller");
 		await execController(["bootstrap", "create-admin", answers.admin]);
+		await execController(["config", "set", "controller.http_port", answers.httpPort]);
+		await execController(["config", "set", "controller.allow_remote_updates", answers.remoteNpm]);
+		await execController(["config", "set", "controller.allow_plugin_updates", answers.remoteNpm]);
 		let result = await execController(["bootstrap", "generate-user-token", answers.admin]);
 		adminToken = result.stdout.split("\n").slice(-2)[0];
 	}
@@ -868,9 +923,13 @@ async function main() {
 		result = await execController(["bootstrap", "generate-host-token", hostId]);
 		let hostToken = result.stdout.split("\n").slice(-2)[0];

+		// Default to localhost on correct port for host in standalone mode
+		await execHost(["config", "set", "host.controller_url", `http://localhost:${answers.httpPort}/`]);
 		await execHost(["config", "set", "host.controller_token", hostToken]);
 		await execHost(["config", "set", "host.public_address", answers.publicAddress]);
 		await execHost(["config", "set", "host.factorio_directory", answers.factorioDir]);
+		await execHost(["config", "set", "host.allow_remote_updates", answers.remoteNpm]);
+		await execHost(["config", "set", "host.allow_plugin_updates", answers.remoteNpm]);
 	}

 	if (answers.mode === "host") {
@@ -882,6 +941,8 @@ async function main() {
 		await execHost(["config", "set", "host.controller_token", answers.controllerToken]);
 		await execHost(["config", "set", "host.public_address", answers.publicAddress]);
 		await execHost(["config", "set", "host.factorio_directory", answers.factorioDir]);
+		await execHost(["config", "set", "host.allow_remote_updates", answers.remoteNpm]);
+		await execHost(["config", "set", "host.allow_plugin_updates", answers.remoteNpm]);
 	}

 	if (!dev && ["standalone", "controller", "host"].includes(answers.mode)) {
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+"use strict";
+
+function escapeArg(arg) {
+	// When shell: true is used execFile does not escaping of arguments, they are
+	// simply joined by space and then passed to the shell.
+
+	// For Windows the command is cmd.exe /d /s /c "command arg arg ..."
+	// The parsing and escaping on windows is cursed. The following references are not for mortals:
+	// https://daviddeley.com/autohotkey/parameters/parameters.htm#WIN
+	// https://stackoverflow.com/a/4095133
+	// https://ss64.com/nt/syntax-esc.html
+	if (process.platform === "win32") {
+		if (!/[\t "%&<>\\^|]/.test(arg)) {
+			return arg;
+		}
+
+		const escaped = [];
+		let pos = 0;
+		while (pos < arg.length) {
+			if (arg[pos] === "\\") {
+				// If a backslash is followed by a quote or the end of the string, then
+				// double the number of backslashes because why not!
+				let peek = pos + 1;
+				while (peek !== arg.length && arg[peek] === "\\") {
+					peek += 1;
+				}
+				if (peek === arg.length || arg[peek] === '"') {
+					const count = peek - pos;
+					escaped.push("\\".repeat(count * 2));
+					pos = peek;
+					continue;
+				} else {
+					escaped.push("\\");
+				}
+			} else if (arg[pos] === '"') {
+				escaped.push('""');
+			} else if (arg[pos] === "%") {
+				// Expect a pct environment variable to contain %, because cmd does variable substitutions
+				// before parsing string quotes, and there's no mechanism for escaping % symbols, and this
+				// is a half sane workaround. The less sane workaround is to replace % with %%cd:~,%.
+				escaped.push("%pct%");
+			} else {
+				escaped.push(arg[pos]);
+			}
+			pos += 1;
+		}
+		return `"${escaped.join("")}"`;
+	}
+
+	// For all other platforms the command is /bin/sh -c <command arg arg ...>
+	// The command and its arguments are passed as a single argument to the shell.
+	// See https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/V3_chap02.html#tag_18_02
+
+	if (!/[|&;<>()$`\\"' \t*?\[#~=%]/.test(arg)) {
+		return arg;
+	}
+	return `"${arg.replace(/[$`"\\]/g, "\\$&")}"`;
+}
+
+module.exports = {
+	escapeArg,
+};
@@ -3,23 +3,22 @@
 	"description": "Installer for clusterio",
 	"author": "Hornwitser",
 	"license": "MIT",
-	"version": "2.0.0-alpha.18",
+	"version": "2.0.0-alpha.22b",
 	"main": "create.js",
 	"bin": {
 		"clusteriocreate": "./create.js"
 	},
 	"keywords": [
-		"factorio",
-		"clusterio"
+		"clusterio",
+		"factorio"
 	],
 	"engines": {
-		"node": ">=18"
+		"node": ">=20"
 	},
 	"dependencies": {
-		"chalk": "^4.1.2",
-		"fs-extra": "^11.1.1",
+		"chalk": "catalog:",
+		"fs-extra": "catalog:",
 		"inquirer": "^8.2.4",
-		"phin": "^3.7.0",
 		"yargs": "^17.7.2"
 	},
 	"publishConfig": {
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@ const { logger } = require("./logging");
 const fs = require("fs-extra");
 const path = require("path");

+const _package = require("./package.json");
+
 async function copyTemplateFile(src, dst, properties) {
 	logger.verbose(`Writing ${dst} from template ${src}`);

@@ -76,8 +78,15 @@ async function copyPluginTemplates(pluginName, templates) {
 	const files = new Map();
 	const prepare = [];

+	// Some basic flags for selecting files to include
 	const javascriptOnly = templates.includes("js");
-	const webpack = templates.includes("controller") || templates.includes("web");
+	const config = !templates.includes("no_config") && templates.some(value => (
+		["controller", "host", "instance", "ctl"].includes(value)
+	));
+	const webpack = config || templates.includes("controller") || templates.includes("web");
+
+	// A count of the number of isolated contexts the plugin runs under
+	let pluginContexts = 0;

 	// Get the file extension and path to the templates
 	const ext = javascriptOnly ? "js" : "ts";
@@ -85,10 +94,9 @@ async function copyPluginTemplates(pluginName, templates) {
 	const commonPath = path.resolve(__dirname, "./templates/common");

 	// Files included in all templates
-	files.set(".gitignore", path.join(commonPath, ".gitignore"));
-	files.set(".npmignore", path.join(commonPath, ".npmignore"));
+	files.set(".gitignore", path.join(commonPath, "template.gitignore"));
+	files.set(".npmignore", path.join(commonPath, "template.npmignore"));
 	files.set("package.json", path.join(commonPath, "package.json"));
-	files.set(`messages.${ext}`, path.join(templatePath, `messages.${ext}`));
 	files.set(`index.${ext}`, path.join(templatePath, `index.${ext}`));

 	// Files and dependencies to support typescript
@@ -96,6 +104,7 @@ async function copyPluginTemplates(pluginName, templates) {
 		prepare.push("tsc --build");
 		files.set("tsconfig.json", path.join(templatePath, "tsconfig.json"));
 		files.set("tsconfig.node.json", path.join(templatePath, "tsconfig.node.json"));
+		files.set("tsconfig.base.json", path.join(templatePath, "tsconfig.base.json"));
 		if (webpack) {
 			files.set("tsconfig.browser.json", path.join(templatePath, "tsconfig.browser.json"));
 		}
@@ -103,56 +112,78 @@ async function copyPluginTemplates(pluginName, templates) {

 	// Files and dependences to support webpack
 	if (webpack) {
-		prepare.push("webpack-cli --env production");
+		prepare.push("webpack-cli --mode production");
 		files.set("webpack.config.js", path.join(commonPath, "webpack.config.js"));
-		files.set(`web/index.${ext}x`, path.join(templatePath,
-			templates.includes("web") ? `web/plugin.${ext}x` : `web/no_plugin.${ext}x`
-		));
+		if (templates.includes("web")) {
+			files.set(`web/index.${ext}x`, path.join(templatePath, `web/plugin.${ext}x`));
+			pluginContexts += 1;
+		} else {
+			files.set(`web/index.${ext}x`, path.join(templatePath, `web/no_plugin.${ext}x`));
+		}
 	}

 	// Files for the controller
 	if (templates.includes("controller")) {
 		files.set(`controller.${ext}`, path.join(templatePath, `controller.${ext}`));
+		pluginContexts += 1;
 	}

 	// Files for hosts
 	if (templates.includes("host")) {
 		files.set(`host.${ext}`, path.join(templatePath, `host.${ext}`));
+		pluginContexts += 1;
 	}

 	// Files for instances
 	if (templates.includes("instance")) {
 		files.set(`instance.${ext}`, path.join(templatePath, `instance.${ext}`));
+		pluginContexts += 1;
 	}

 	// Files for lua modules
 	if (templates.includes("module")) {
-		files.set(".luacheckrc", path.join(commonPath, ".luacheckrc"));
 		files.set("module/module.json", path.join(commonPath, "module/module.json"));
 		files.set("module/control.lua", path.join(commonPath, "module/control.lua"));
 		files.set("module/module_exports.lua", path.join(commonPath, "module/module_exports.lua"));
 		if (templates.includes("instance")) {
 			files.set("module/globals.lua", path.join(commonPath, "module/globals.lua"));
+		} else {
+			files.set(`instance.${ext}`, path.join(templatePath, `instance_empty.${ext}`));
 		}
 	}

 	// Files for the control tool
 	if (templates.includes("ctl")) {
 		files.set(`ctl.${ext}`, path.join(templatePath, `ctl.${ext}`));
+		pluginContexts += 1;
+	}
+
+	// If there are more than one contexts then include the message file
+	if (pluginContexts > 1) {
+		files.set(`messages.${ext}`, path.join(templatePath, `messages.${ext}`));
 	}

 	// Properties that will control the replacements in the templates
 	const properties = {
+		// Weather this is ts or js
 		typescript: !javascriptOnly,
+		ext: ext,
+		// Which templates where requested
+		multi_context: pluginContexts > 1,
 		controller: templates.includes("controller"),
 		host: templates.includes("host"),
 		instance: templates.includes("instance"),
 		module: templates.includes("module"),
 		ctl: templates.includes("ctl"),
 		web: templates.includes("web"),
-		plugin_name: pluginName,
+		// Macro flags for context requirements
+		webpack: webpack,
+		config: config,
+		// String values for package json
+		clusterio_version: _package.version,
+		node_version: _package.engines.node,
 		prepare: prepare.join(" && "),
-		ext: ext,
+		plugin_name: pluginName,
 	};

 	// Write all the template files
@@ -1,54 +1,93 @@
+--[[
+The 'control' file within factorio is used as the entry point for mods, in Clusterio this is only a convention
+You can change which files are loaded (exports event handlers) and required (no events) by Clusterio within module.json
+It is highly advised to use FMTK (justarandomgeek.factoriomod-debug) when writing Lua code for factorio
+Most of your code will be within this one file, but you can create more and require them
+
+clusterio_api exposes functions to enable communication with your InstancePlugin 
+compat exposes shims to simplify compatibly between factorio versions, use the following to require 2.0
+`assert(compat.version_ge("2.0.0"), "__plugin_name__ requires factorio 2.0")`
+]]
+
 local clusterio_api = require("modules/clusterio/api")
+local compat = require("modules/clusterio/compat")

 --- Top level module table, contains event handlers and public methods
+--- @class __plugin_name__
 local MyModule = {
-	events = {},
-	on_nth_tick = {},
 }

--- global is 'synced' between players, you should use your plugin name to avoid conflicts
-- setupGlobalData should either be removed or called during clusterio_api.events.on_server_startup
-local globalData = {}
-local function setupGlobalData()
-	if global["__plugin_name__"] == nil then
-		global["__plugin_name__"] = {
+--[[
+`compat.script_data` persists between restarts and is shared between modules, therefore you should use your plugin name to avoid conflicts
+The following helper function is desync safe and avoids name conflicts after being called during `clusterio_api.events.on_server_startup`
+There are edge cases in the following events: pre player left, player left, console command, and config changed
+If you use any of these events and access `script_data` then make sure to call this function first
+]]
+local script_data = {}
+local function setup_script_data()
+	if compat.script_data["__plugin_name__"] == nil then
+		compat.script_data["__plugin_name__"] = {
 			-- starting values go here
 		}
 	end
-	globalData = global["__plugin_name__"]
+	MyModule.on_load()
+end
+
+--- The on_load function is called independently for each client when they first load the map
+-- It should be used to restore global aliases and metatables not registered with script.register_metatable
+function MyModule.on_load()
+	script_data = compat.script_data["__plugin_name__"]
 end

 --- Public methods should be available though your top level module table
 function MyModule.foo()
-	game.print("foo")
+	game.print("foo: " .. (script_data.counter or 0))
 end

 --- Private methods should be local to the file, this will prevent others from calling it
 local function bar()
-	game.print("bar")
+	script_data.counter = (script_data.counter or 0) + 1
+	game.print("bar: " .. script_data.counter)
 end

--- Clusterio provides a few custom events, on_server_startup is the most useful and should be used in place of on_load
-MyModule.events[clusterio_api.events.on_server_startup] = function(event)
-	setupGlobalData()
-	game.print(game.table_to_json(event))
+--- Clusterio provides a few custom events, on_server_startup is the most useful and should be used in place of on_init
+--- @param event EventData.on_server_startup
+local function on_server_startup(event)
+	setup_script_data()
+	game.print(compat.table_to_json(event))
 end

--- Factorio events are accessible through defines.events, you can have one handler per event per module
-MyModule.events[defines.events.on_player_crafted_item] = function(event)
-	game.print(game.table_to_json(event))
+--- Triggered every time a player crafts an item, see below for how handlers are registered
+--- @param event EventData.on_player_crafted_item
+local function on_player_crafted_item(event)
+	game.print(compat.table_to_json(event))
 //%if instance
+	local player = assert(game.get_player(event.player_index))
 	clusterio_api.send_json("__plugin_name__-plugin_example_ipc", {
-		tick = game.tick, player_name = game.get_player(event.player_index).name
+		tick = game.tick, player_name = player.name
 	})
 //%endif
 end

--- Nth tick is a special case that requires its own table, the index represents the time period between calls in ticks
-MyModule.on_nth_tick[300] = function()
+--- Run bar every 5 seconds, see below for how handlers are registered
+local function on_nth_tick_300()
 	game.print(game.tick)
 	bar()
 end

--- Always return the top level module table from control, this is how clusterio will access your event handlers
+--- Factorio events are accessible through defines.events, you can have one handler per event per file
+local e = defines.events
+local events = {
+	[clusterio_api.events.on_server_startup] = on_server_startup,
+	[e.on_player_crafted_item] = on_player_crafted_item,
+}
+
+--- Nth tick is a special case that requires its own table, the index represents the time period between calls in ticks
+local on_nth_tick = {
+	[300] = on_nth_tick_300,
+}
+
+--- Always return the top level module table from control, this is how Clusterio will access your event handlers
+MyModule.events = events --- @package
+MyModule.on_nth_tick = on_nth_tick --- @package
 return MyModule
@@ -1,3 +1,9 @@
--- Expose any globals here, typically just your control file if you want to access it through rcon or commands
-- luacheck: globals __plugin_name__
+--[[
+It is best practice to not expose any globals because all modules share a global environment
+However, sometimes you need globals, for example to access functions within rcon commands
+Therefore, we advise that this should be the only file in your module to expose globals
+Typically this would be your control file as shown in the example below
+]]
+
+-- Access using `/sc __plugin_name__.foo()`
 __plugin_name__ = require("modules/__plugin_name__/control")
@@ -1,3 +1,8 @@
--- Can contain anything you want to allow other plugins to have access to, this example exposes the control file
-- Access the exports from other modules using require("modules/__plugin_name__")
+--[[
+It is typical for a module to have a control file as the entry point, although this is not a requirement
+Therefore, Clusterio allows you to specify a single default export that can be accessed by other modules
+You are not required to specify any default export, but note that a module can still require yours directly
+]]
+
+-- Access using `local __plugin_name__ = require("modules/__plugin_name__")`
 return require("modules/__plugin_name__/control")
@@ -12,15 +12,27 @@
 		"prepare": "__prepare__"
 	},
 	"engines": {
-		"node": ">=18"
+		"node": "__node_version__"
 	},
 	"peerDependencies": {
-		"@clusterio/lib": "^2.0.0-alpha.17"
+//%if controller
+		"@clusterio/controller": "^__clusterio_version__",
+//%endif
+//%if webpack
+		"@clusterio/web_ui": "^__clusterio_version__",
+//%endif
+//%if host
+		"@clusterio/host": "^__clusterio_version__",
+//%endif
+//%if ctl
+		"@clusterio/ctl": "^__clusterio_version__",
+//%endif
+		"@clusterio/lib": "^__clusterio_version__"
 	},
 	"devDependencies": {
 //%// Typescript and type declarations
 //%if typescript
-		"typescript": "^5.1.6",
+		"typescript": "^5.5.3",
 		"@types/node": "^20.4.5",
 //%endif
 //%if typescript & web
@@ -32,13 +44,24 @@
 		"react": "^18.2.0",
 		"react-dom": "^18.2.0",
 //%endif
-//%if web | controller // The controller uses webpack even when there is no plugin code
+//%if webpack
 		"webpack": "^5.88.2",
 		"webpack-cli": "^5.1.4",
 		"webpack-merge": "^5.9.0",
-		"@clusterio/web_ui": "^2.0.0-alpha.17",
 //%endif
-		"@clusterio/lib": "^2.0.0-alpha.17"
+//%if controller
+		"@clusterio/controller": "^__clusterio_version__",
+//%endif
+//%if webpack
+		"@clusterio/web_ui": "^__clusterio_version__",
+//%endif
+//%if host
+		"@clusterio/host": "^__clusterio_version__",
+//%endif
+//%if ctl
+		"@clusterio/ctl": "^__clusterio_version__",
+//%endif
+		"@clusterio/lib": "^__clusterio_version__"
 	},
 	"dependencies": {
 		"@sinclair/typebox": "^0.30.4"
@@ -48,6 +71,7 @@
 	},
 	"keywords": [
 		"clusterio",
+		"clusterio-plugin",
 		"factorio"
 	]
 }
@@ -1,3 +1,2 @@
-dist/
 node_modules/
-package-lock.json
+dist/
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 webpack.config.js
-dist/web/build
 dist/browser
+dist/web
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ const { merge } = require("webpack-merge");

 const common = require("@clusterio/web_ui/webpack.common");

-module.exports = (env = {}) => merge(common(env), {
+module.exports = (env = {}, argv = {}) => merge(common(env, argv), {
 	context: __dirname,
 	entry: "./web/index.__ext__x",
 	output: {
@@ -18,9 +18,7 @@ module.exports = (env = {}) => merge(common(env), {
 			exposes: {
 				"./": "./index.__ext__",
 				"./package.json": "./package.json",
-//%if web
 				"./web": "./web/index.__ext__x",
-//%endif
 			},
 			shared: {
 				"@clusterio/lib": { import: false },
@@ -1,13 +1,17 @@
 "use strict";
 const lib = require("@clusterio/lib");
 const { BaseControllerPlugin } = require("@clusterio/controller");
+//%if multi_context // Messages requires multi context

 const {
 	PluginExampleEvent, PluginExampleRequest,
+//%endif
 //%if controller & web // Subscribing requires web content and the controller
 	ExampleSubscribableUpdate, ExampleSubscribableValue,
 //%endif
+//%if multi_context // Messages requires multi context
 } = require("./messages");
+//%endif

 class ControllerPlugin extends BaseControllerPlugin {
 //%if controller & web // Subscribing requires web content and the controller
@@ -15,14 +19,19 @@ class ControllerPlugin extends BaseControllerPlugin {
 	storageDirty = false;

 //%endif
+//%if multi_context // Subscribing requires multi context
 	async init() {
 		this.controller.handle(PluginExampleEvent, this.handlePluginExampleEvent.bind(this));
 		this.controller.handle(PluginExampleRequest, this.handlePluginExampleRequest.bind(this));
+//%endif
 //%if controller & web // Subscribing requires web content and the controller
 		this.controller.subscriptions.handle(ExampleSubscribableUpdate, this.handleExampleSubscription.bind(this));
-		this.exampleDatabase = new Map(); // If needed, replace with loading from database file
+		// If needed, replace with loading from database file such as lib.Datastore
+		this.exampleDatabase = new Map([["foo", new ExampleSubscribableValue("foo", 0, false)]]);
 //%endif
+//%if multi_context // Subscribing requires multi context
 	}
+//%endif

 	async onControllerConfigFieldChanged(field, curr, prev) {
 		this.logger.info(`controller::onControllerConfigFieldChanged ${field}`);
@@ -45,6 +54,7 @@ class ControllerPlugin extends BaseControllerPlugin {
 	async onPlayerEvent(instance, event) {
 		this.logger.info(`controller::onPlayerEvent ${instance.id} ${JSON.stringify(event)}`);
 	}
+//%if multi_context

 	async handlePluginExampleEvent(event) {
 		this.logger.info(JSON.stringify(event));
@@ -57,9 +67,11 @@ class ControllerPlugin extends BaseControllerPlugin {
 			myResponseNumbers: request.myNumberArray,
 		};
 	}
+//%endif
 //%if controller & web // Subscribing requires web content and the controller

 	async handleExampleSubscription(request) {
+		this.logger.info(JSON.stringify(request));
 		const values = [...this.exampleDatabase.values()].filter(
 			value => value.updatedAtMs > request.lastRequestTimeMs,
 		);
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 "use strict";
 const { BaseCtlPlugin } = require("@clusterio/ctl");
 const { CommandTree, Command } = require("@clusterio/lib");
+//%// We do not check for multi context here because it doesn't make sense to have a ctl without messages
 const { PluginExampleEvent, PluginExampleRequest } = require("./messages");
 /* eslint-disable no-console */

@@ -1,13 +1,17 @@
 "use strict";
 const lib = require("@clusterio/lib");
 const { BaseHostPlugin } = require("@clusterio/host");
+//%if multi_context
 const { PluginExampleEvent, PluginExampleRequest } = require("./messages");
+//%endif

 class HostPlugin extends BaseHostPlugin {
+//%if multi_context
 	async init() {
 		this.host.handle(PluginExampleEvent, this.handlePluginExampleEvent.bind(this));
 		this.host.handle(PluginExampleRequest, this.handlePluginExampleRequest.bind(this));
 	}
+//%endif

 	async onHostConfigFieldChanged(field, curr, prev) {
 		this.logger.info(`host::onInstanceConfigFieldChanged ${field}`);
@@ -16,6 +20,7 @@ class HostPlugin extends BaseHostPlugin {
 	async onShutdown() {
 		this.logger.info("host::onShutdown");
 	}
+//%if multi_context

 	async handlePluginExampleEvent(event) {
 		this.logger.info(JSON.stringify(event));
@@ -28,6 +33,7 @@ class HostPlugin extends BaseHostPlugin {
 			myResponseNumbers: request.myNumberArray,
 		};
 	}
+//%endif
 }

 module.exports = {
@@ -1,24 +1,29 @@
 "use strict";
 const lib = require("@clusterio/lib");
+//%if multi_context
 const Messages = require("./messages");

 lib.definePermission({
 	name: "__plugin_name__.example.permission.event",
 	title: "Example permission event",
 	description: "Example Description. Event. Change me in index.js",
+	grantByDefault: true,
 });

 lib.definePermission({
 	name: "__plugin_name__.example.permission.request",
 	title: "Example permission request",
 	description: "Example Description. Request. Change me in index.js",
+	grantByDefault: true,
 });
+//%endif
 //%if controller & web // Subscribing requires web content and the controller

 lib.definePermission({
 	name: "__plugin_name__.example.permission.subscribe",
 	title: "Example permission subscribe",
 	description: "Example Description. Subscribe. Change me in index.js",
+	grantByDefault: true,
 });
 //%endif
 //%if web
@@ -27,6 +32,7 @@ lib.definePermission({
 	name: "__plugin_name__.page.view",
 	title: "Example page view permission",
 	description: "Example Description. View. Change me in index.js",
+	grantByDefault: true,
 });
 //%endif

@@ -34,9 +40,13 @@ const plugin = {
 	name: "__plugin_name__",
 	title: "__plugin_name__",
 	description: "Example Description. Plugin. Change me in index.js",
-//%if controller
+//%if controller | host & !config | instance & !config | ctl & !config // Blank line for formatting

-	controllerEntrypoint: "./controller",
+//%endif
+//%if controller
+	controllerEntrypoint: "./dist/node/controller",
+//%endif
+//%if controller & config
 	controllerConfigFields: {
 		"__plugin_name__.myControllerField": {
 			title: "My Controller Field",
@@ -46,9 +56,13 @@ const plugin = {
 		},
 	},
 //%endif
-//%if host
+//%if host & config // Blank line for formatting

-	hostEntrypoint: "./host",
+//%endif
+//%if host
+	hostEntrypoint: "./dist/node/host",
+//%endif
+//%if host & config
 	hostConfigFields: {
 		"__plugin_name__.myHostField": {
 			title: "My Host Field",
@@ -58,9 +72,13 @@ const plugin = {
 		},
 	},
 //%endif
-//%if instance
+//%if instance & config | module & config // Blank line for formatting

-	instanceEntrypoint: "./instance",
+//%endif
+//%if instance | module // Modules load an empty instance plugin
+	instanceEntrypoint: "./dist/node/instance",
+//%endif
+//%if instance & config
 	instanceConfigFields: {
 		"__plugin_name__.myInstanceField": {
 			title: "My Instance Field",
@@ -70,9 +88,13 @@ const plugin = {
 		},
 	},
 //%endif
-//%if ctl
+//%if ctl & config // Blank line for formatting

-	ctlEntrypoint: "./ctl",
+//%endif
+//%if ctl
+	ctlEntrypoint: "./dist/node/ctl",
+//%endif
+//%if ctl & config
 	controlConfigFields: {
 		"__plugin_name__.myControlField": {
 			title: "My Control Field",
@@ -82,14 +104,18 @@ const plugin = {
 		},
 	},
 //%endif
+//%if multi_context // Subscribing requires multi context

 	messages: [
 		Messages.PluginExampleEvent,
 		Messages.PluginExampleRequest,
+//%endif
 //%if controller & web // Subscribing requires web content and the controller
 		Messages.ExampleSubscribableUpdate,
 //%endif
+//%if multi_context // Subscribing requires multi context
 	],
+//%endif
 //%if web // Web content template has an example route which is the plugin name

 	webEntrypoint: "./web",
@@ -97,11 +123,6 @@ const plugin = {
 		"/__plugin_name__",
 	],
 //%endif
-//%if controller & !web // The controller always includes web entry even if there is no content
-
-	webEntrypoint: "./web",
-	routes: [],
-//%endif
 };

 module.exports = {
@@ -1,38 +1,56 @@
 "use strict";
 const lib = require("@clusterio/lib");
 const { BaseInstancePlugin } = require("@clusterio/host");
+//%if multi_context
 const { PluginExampleEvent, PluginExampleRequest } = require("./messages");
+//%endif

 class InstancePlugin extends BaseInstancePlugin {
+//%if multi_context | module
 	async init() {
+//%if multi_context
 		this.instance.handle(PluginExampleEvent, this.handlePluginExampleEvent.bind(this));
 		this.instance.handle(PluginExampleRequest, this.handlePluginExampleRequest.bind(this));
+//%endif
 //%if module
 		this.instance.server.handle("__plugin_name__-plugin_example_ipc", this.handlePluginExampleIPC.bind(this));
 //%endif
+//%if multi_context | module
 	}
+//%endif

 	async onInstanceConfigFieldChanged(field, curr, prev) {
 		this.logger.info(`instance::onInstanceConfigFieldChanged ${field}`);
 	}

 	async onStart() {
+		// Called once rcon becomes available
 		this.logger.info("instance::onStart");
 	}

 	async onStop() {
+		// Called during normal exits before rcon becomes unavailable
 		this.logger.info("instance::onStop");
 	}

+	onExit() {
+		// Called during all exits, including crashes and init failures, rcon is not available
+		this.logger.info("instance::onExit");
+	}
+
+
 	async onPlayerEvent(event) {
 		this.logger.info(`onPlayerEvent::onPlayerEvent ${JSON.stringify(event)}`);
+//%if module
+		if (this.instance.status === "running") {
+			await this.sendRcon("/sc __plugin_name__.foo()");
+		}
+//%endif
 	}
+//%if multi_context

 	async handlePluginExampleEvent(event) {
 		this.logger.info(JSON.stringify(event));
-//%if module
-		this.sendRcon("/sc __plugin_name__.foo()");
-//%endif
 	}

 	async handlePluginExampleRequest(request) {
@@ -42,6 +60,7 @@ class InstancePlugin extends BaseInstancePlugin {
 			myResponseNumbers: request.myNumberArray,
 		};
 	}
+//%endif
 //%if module

 	async handlePluginExampleIPC(event) {
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+"use strict";
+const { BaseInstancePlugin } = require("@clusterio/host");
+
+class InstancePlugin extends BaseInstancePlugin {
+	// This class is empty because an instance plugin must be defined for a module to be injected
+	// This requirement may change in the future to allow for standalone modules
+}
+
+module.exports = {
+	InstancePlugin,
+};
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import React, {
 	useContext, useEffect, useState,
-//%if controller & web // Subscribing requires web content and the controller
+//%if controller // Subscribing requires web content and the controller
 	useCallback, useSyncExternalStore,
 //%endif
 } from "react";
@@ -10,35 +10,39 @@ import React, {
 // } from "antd";

 import {
-	BaseWebPlugin, PageLayout, Control, ControlContext, notifyErrorHandler,
+	BaseWebPlugin, PageLayout, PageHeader, Control, ControlContext, notifyErrorHandler,
 } from "@clusterio/web_ui";
+//%if multi_context // Messages requires multi context

 import {
 	PluginExampleEvent, PluginExampleRequest,
-//%if controller & web // Subscribing requires web content and the controller
-	ExampleSubscribableUpdate,
 //%endif
+//%if controller // Subscribing requires web content and the controller
+	ExampleSubscribableUpdate, ExampleSubscribableValue,
+//%endif
+//%if multi_context // Messages requires multi context
 } from "../messages";
+//%endif

 import * as lib from "@clusterio/lib";

 function MyTemplatePage() {
 	let control = useContext(ControlContext);
-//%if controller & web // Subscribing requires web content and the controller
+//%if controller // Subscribing requires web content and the controller
 	const plugin = control.plugins.get("__plugin_name__");
 	const [subscribableData, synced] = plugin.useSubscribableData();
 //%endif

 	return <PageLayout nav={[{ name: "__plugin_name__" }]}>
-		<h2>__plugin_name__</h2>
-//%if controller & web // Subscribing requires web content and the controller
+		<PageHeader title="__plugin_name__" />
+//%if controller // Subscribing requires web content and the controller
 		Synced: {String(synced)} Data: {JSON.stringify([...subscribableData.values()])}
 //%endif
 	</PageLayout>;
 }

 export class WebPlugin extends BaseWebPlugin {
-//%if controller & web // Subscribing requires web content and the controller
+//%if controller // Subscribing requires web content and the controller
 	subscribableData = new lib.EventSubscriber(ExampleSubscribableUpdate, this.control);

 //%endif
@@ -47,15 +51,24 @@ export class WebPlugin extends BaseWebPlugin {
 			{
 				path: "/__plugin_name__",
 				sidebarName: "__plugin_name__",
-				permission: "__plugin_name__.page.view",
+				// This permission is client side only, so it must match the permission string of a resource request to be secure
+				// An undefined value means that the page will always be visible
+//%if controller // Subscribing requires web content and the controller
+				permission: "__plugin_name__.example.permission.subscribe",
+//%endif
+//%if !controller
+				permission: "__plugin_name__.example.permission.view",
+//%endif
 				content: <MyTemplatePage/>,
 			},
 		];
+//%if multi_context

 		this.control.handle(PluginExampleEvent, this.handlePluginExampleEvent.bind(this));
 		this.control.handle(PluginExampleRequest, this.handlePluginExampleRequest.bind(this));
+//%endif
 	}
-//%if controller & web // Subscribing requires web content and the controller
+//%if controller// Subscribing requires web content and the controller

 	useSubscribableData() {
 		const control = useContext(ControlContext);
@@ -63,6 +76,7 @@ export class WebPlugin extends BaseWebPlugin {
 		return useSyncExternalStore(subscribe, () => this.subscribableData.getSnapshot());
 	}
 //%endif
+//%if multi_context

 	async handlePluginExampleEvent(event) {
 		this.logger.info(JSON.stringify(event));
@@ -75,4 +89,5 @@ export class WebPlugin extends BaseWebPlugin {
 			myResponseNumbers: request.myNumberArray,
 		};
 	}
+//%endif
 }
@@ -1,12 +1,16 @@
 import * as lib from "@clusterio/lib";
 import { BaseControllerPlugin, InstanceInfo } from "@clusterio/controller";
+//%if multi_context // Messages requires multi context

 import {
 	PluginExampleEvent, PluginExampleRequest,
+//%endif
 //%if controller & web // Subscribing requires web content and the controller
 	ExampleSubscribableUpdate, ExampleSubscribableValue,
 //%endif
+//%if multi_context // Messages requires multi context
 } from "./messages";
+//%endif

 export class ControllerPlugin extends BaseControllerPlugin {
 //%if controller & web // Subscribing requires web content and the controller
@@ -14,14 +18,19 @@ export class ControllerPlugin extends BaseControllerPlugin {
 	storageDirty = false;

 //%endif
+//%if multi_context // Subscribing requires multi context
 	async init() {
 		this.controller.handle(PluginExampleEvent, this.handlePluginExampleEvent.bind(this));
 		this.controller.handle(PluginExampleRequest, this.handlePluginExampleRequest.bind(this));
+//%endif
 //%if controller & web // Subscribing requires web content and the controller
 		this.controller.subscriptions.handle(ExampleSubscribableUpdate, this.handleExampleSubscription.bind(this));
-		this.exampleDatabase = new Map(); // If needed, replace with loading from database file
+		// If needed, replace with loading from database file such as lib.Datastore
+		this.exampleDatabase = new Map([["foo", new ExampleSubscribableValue("foo", 0, false)]]);
 //%endif
+//%if multi_context // Subscribing requires multi context
 	}
+//%endif

 	async onControllerConfigFieldChanged(field: string, curr: unknown, prev: unknown) {
 		this.logger.info(`controller::onControllerConfigFieldChanged ${field}`);
@@ -44,6 +53,7 @@ export class ControllerPlugin extends BaseControllerPlugin {
 	async onPlayerEvent(instance: InstanceInfo, event: lib.PlayerEvent) {
 		this.logger.info(`controller::onPlayerEvent ${instance.id} ${JSON.stringify(event)}`);
 	}
+//%if multi_context

 	async handlePluginExampleEvent(event: PluginExampleEvent) {
 		this.logger.info(JSON.stringify(event));
@@ -56,9 +66,11 @@ export class ControllerPlugin extends BaseControllerPlugin {
 			myResponseNumbers: request.myNumberArray,
 		};
 	}
+//%endif
 //%if controller & web // Subscribing requires web content and the controller

 	async handleExampleSubscription(request: lib.SubscriptionRequest) {
+		this.logger.info(JSON.stringify(request));
 		const values = [...this.exampleDatabase.values()].filter(
 			value => value.updatedAtMs > request.lastRequestTimeMs,
 		);
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-type Control = any; // import type { Control } from "@clusterio/ctl";
-import { BaseCtlPlugin } from "@clusterio/ctl";
+import { BaseCtlPlugin, type Control } from "@clusterio/ctl";
 import { CommandTree, Command } from "@clusterio/lib";
+//%// We do not check for multi context here because it doesn't make sense to have a ctl without messages
 import { PluginExampleEvent, PluginExampleRequest } from "./messages";
 /* eslint-disable no-console */

@@ -1,12 +1,16 @@
 import * as lib from "@clusterio/lib";
 import { BaseHostPlugin } from "@clusterio/host";
+//%if multi_context
 import { PluginExampleEvent, PluginExampleRequest } from "./messages";
+//%endif

 export class HostPlugin extends BaseHostPlugin {
+//%if multi_context
 	async init() {
 		this.host.handle(PluginExampleEvent, this.handlePluginExampleEvent.bind(this));
 		this.host.handle(PluginExampleRequest, this.handlePluginExampleRequest.bind(this));
 	}
+//%endif

 	async onHostConfigFieldChanged(field: string, curr: unknown, prev: unknown) {
 		this.logger.info(`host::onInstanceConfigFieldChanged ${field}`);
@@ -15,6 +19,7 @@ export class HostPlugin extends BaseHostPlugin {
 	async onShutdown() {
 		this.logger.info("host::onShutdown");
 	}
+//%if multi_context

 	async handlePluginExampleEvent(event: PluginExampleEvent) {
 		this.logger.info(JSON.stringify(event));
@@ -27,4 +32,5 @@ export class HostPlugin extends BaseHostPlugin {
 			myResponseNumbers: request.myNumberArray,
 		};
 	}
+//%endif
 }
@@ -1,23 +1,28 @@
 import * as lib from "@clusterio/lib";
+//%if multi_context
 import * as Messages from "./messages";

 lib.definePermission({
 	name: "__plugin_name__.example.permission.event",
 	title: "Example permission event",
 	description: "Example Description. Event. Change me in index.ts",
+	grantByDefault: true,
 });

 lib.definePermission({
 	name: "__plugin_name__.example.permission.request",
 	title: "Example permission request",
 	description: "Example Description. Request. Change me in index.ts",
+	grantByDefault: true,
 });
+//%endif
 //%if controller & web // Subscribing requires web content and the controller

 lib.definePermission({
 	name: "__plugin_name__.example.permission.subscribe",
 	title: "Example permission subscribe",
 	description: "Example Description. Subscribe. Change me in index.ts",
+	grantByDefault: true,
 });
 //%endif
 //%if web
@@ -26,39 +31,49 @@ lib.definePermission({
 	name: "__plugin_name__.page.view",
 	title: "Example page view permission",
 	description: "Example Description. View. Change me in index.ts",
+	grantByDefault: true,
 });
 //%endif
+//%if config

 declare module "@clusterio/lib" {
-//%if controller
+//%endif
+//%if controller & config
 	export interface ControllerConfigFields {
 		"__plugin_name__.myControllerField": string;
 	}
 //%endif
-//%if host
+//%if host & config
 	export interface HostConfigFields {
 		"__plugin_name__.myHostField": string;
 	}
 //%endif
-//%if instance
+//%if instance & config
 	export interface InstanceConfigFields {
 		"__plugin_name__.myInstanceField": string;
 	}
 //%endif
-//%if ctl
+//%if ctl & config
 	export interface ControlConfigFields {
 		"__plugin_name__.myControlField": string;
 	}
 //%endif
+//%if config
 }
+//%endif

 export const plugin: lib.PluginDeclaration = {
 	name: "__plugin_name__",
 	title: "__plugin_name__",
 	description: "Example Description. Plugin. Change me in index.ts",
-//%if controller
+//%// There are a lot of statements here to make the formatting look good with and without 'config'
+//%if controller | host & !config | instance & !config | ctl & !config // Blank line for formatting

+//%endif
+//%if controller
 	controllerEntrypoint: "./dist/node/controller",
+//%endif
+//%if controller & config
 	controllerConfigFields: {
 		"__plugin_name__.myControllerField": {
 			title: "My Controller Field",
@@ -68,9 +83,13 @@ export const plugin: lib.PluginDeclaration = {
 		},
 	},
 //%endif
-//%if host
+//%if host & config // Blank line for formatting

+//%endif
+//%if host
 	hostEntrypoint: "./dist/node/host",
+//%endif
+//%if host & config
 	hostConfigFields: {
 		"__plugin_name__.myHostField": {
 			title: "My Host Field",
@@ -80,9 +99,13 @@ export const plugin: lib.PluginDeclaration = {
 		},
 	},
 //%endif
-//%if instance
+//%if instance & config | module & config // Blank line for formatting

+//%endif
+//%if instance | module // Modules load an empty instance plugin
 	instanceEntrypoint: "./dist/node/instance",
+//%endif
+//%if instance & config
 	instanceConfigFields: {
 		"__plugin_name__.myInstanceField": {
 			title: "My Instance Field",
@@ -92,9 +115,13 @@ export const plugin: lib.PluginDeclaration = {
 		},
 	},
 //%endif
-//%if ctl
+//%if ctl & config // Blank line for formatting

+//%endif
+//%if ctl
 	ctlEntrypoint: "./dist/node/ctl",
+//%endif
+//%if ctl & config
 	controlConfigFields: {
 		"__plugin_name__.myControlField": {
 			title: "My Control Field",
@@ -104,14 +131,18 @@ export const plugin: lib.PluginDeclaration = {
 		},
 	},
 //%endif
+//%if multi_context // Subscribing requires multi context

 	messages: [
 		Messages.PluginExampleEvent,
 		Messages.PluginExampleRequest,
+//%endif
 //%if controller & web // Subscribing requires web content and the controller
 		Messages.ExampleSubscribableUpdate,
 //%endif
+//%if multi_context // Subscribing requires multi context
 	],
+//%endif
 //%if web // Web content template has an example route which is the plugin name

 	webEntrypoint: "./web",
@@ -119,9 +150,4 @@ export const plugin: lib.PluginDeclaration = {
 		"/__plugin_name__",
 	],
 //%endif
-//%if controller & !web // The controller always includes web entry even if there is no content
-
-	webEntrypoint: "./web",
-	routes: [],
-//%endif
 };
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 import * as lib from "@clusterio/lib";
 import { BaseInstancePlugin } from "@clusterio/host";
+//%if multi_context
 import { PluginExampleEvent, PluginExampleRequest } from "./messages";
+//%endif
 //%if module

 type PuginExampleIPC = {
@@ -10,32 +12,48 @@ type PuginExampleIPC = {
 //%endif

 export class InstancePlugin extends BaseInstancePlugin {
+//%if multi_context | module
 	async init() {
+//%endif
+//%if multi_context
 		this.instance.handle(PluginExampleEvent, this.handlePluginExampleEvent.bind(this));
 		this.instance.handle(PluginExampleRequest, this.handlePluginExampleRequest.bind(this));
+//%endif
 //%if module
 		this.instance.server.handle("__plugin_name__-plugin_example_ipc", this.handlePluginExampleIPC.bind(this));
 //%endif
+//%if multi_context | module
 	}
+//%endif

 	async onInstanceConfigFieldChanged(field: string, curr: unknown, prev: unknown) {
 		this.logger.info(`instance::onInstanceConfigFieldChanged ${field}`);
 	}

 	async onStart() {
+		// Called once rcon becomes available
 		this.logger.info("instance::onStart");
 	}

 	async onStop() {
+		// Called during normal exits before rcon becomes unavailable
 		this.logger.info("instance::onStop");
 	}

+	onExit() {
+		// Called during all exits, including crashes and init failures, rcon is not available
+		this.logger.info("instance::onExit");
+	}
+
 	async onPlayerEvent(event: lib.PlayerEvent) {
 		this.logger.info(`onPlayerEvent::onPlayerEvent ${JSON.stringify(event)}`);
 //%if module
-		this.sendRcon("/sc __plugin_name__.foo()");
+		if (this.instance.status === "running") {
+			await this.sendRcon("/sc __plugin_name__.foo()");
+		}
 //%endif
 	}
+//%if multi_context

 	async handlePluginExampleEvent(event: PluginExampleEvent) {
 		this.logger.info(JSON.stringify(event));
@@ -48,6 +66,7 @@ export class InstancePlugin extends BaseInstancePlugin {
 			myResponseNumbers: request.myNumberArray,
 		};
 	}
+//%endif
 //%if module

 	async handlePluginExampleIPC(event: PuginExampleIPC) {
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+import * as lib from "@clusterio/lib";
+import { BaseInstancePlugin } from "@clusterio/host";
+
+export class InstancePlugin extends BaseInstancePlugin {
+	// This class is empty because an instance plugin must be defined for a module to be injected
+	// This requirement may change in the future to allow for standalone modules
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+{
+	"compilerOptions": {
+		"composite": true,
+		"declaration": true,
+		"declarationMap": true,
+		"incremental": true,
+		"sourceMap": true,
+		"strict": true,
+		"esModuleInterop": true,
+		"resolveJsonModule": true,
+		"skipLibCheck": true,
+	},
+}
@@ -1,11 +1,13 @@
 {
-	"extends": "../../tsconfig.browser.json",
-	"references": [
-		{ "path": "../../packages/lib/tsconfig.browser.json" },
-		{ "path": "../../packages/web_ui/tsconfig.browser.json" },
-	],
-	"include": [ "web/**/*.tsx", "web/**/*.ts", "messages.ts", "package.json" ],
+	"extends": "./tsconfig.base.json",
 	"compilerOptions": {
-		"outDir": "dist/browser",
-	}
+		"lib": ["dom", "es2023"],
+		"module": "es2022",
+		"moduleResolution": "bundler",
+		"target": "es2022",
+		"jsx": "react-jsx",
+		"noEmitOnError": true,
+		"outDir": "${configDir}/dist/browser",
+	},
+	"include": [ "web/**/*.tsx", "web/**/*.ts", "messages.ts", "package.json" ],
 }
@@ -1,11 +1,13 @@
 {
-	"extends": "../../tsconfig.node.json",
-	"references": [
-		{ "path": "../../packages/lib/tsconfig.node.json" },
-	],
+	"extends": "./tsconfig.base.json",
+	"compilerOptions": {
+		"lib": ["es2023"],
+		"module": "node16",
+		"moduleResolution": "node16",
+		"target": "es2022",
+		"forceConsistentCasingInFileNames": true,
+		"outDir": "${configDir}/dist/node"
+	},
 	"include": ["./**/*.ts"],
 	"exclude": ["test/*", "./dist/*"],
-	"compilerOptions": {
-		"outDir": "dist/node",
-	},
 }
@@ -10,35 +10,39 @@ import React, {
 // } from "antd";

 import {
-	BaseWebPlugin, PageLayout, Control, ControlContext, notifyErrorHandler,
+	BaseWebPlugin, PageLayout, PageHeader, Control, ControlContext, notifyErrorHandler,
 } from "@clusterio/web_ui";
+//%if multi_context // Messages requires multi context

 import {
 	PluginExampleEvent, PluginExampleRequest,
-//%if controller & web // Subscribing requires web content and the controller
-	ExampleSubscribableUpdate,
 //%endif
+//%if controller & web // Subscribing requires web content and the controller
+	ExampleSubscribableUpdate, ExampleSubscribableValue,
+//%endif
+//%if multi_context // Messages requires multi context
 } from "../messages";
+//%endif

 import * as lib from "@clusterio/lib";

 function MyTemplatePage() {
 	const control = useContext(ControlContext);
-//%if controller & web // Subscribing requires web content and the controller
+//%if controller // Subscribing requires web content and the controller
 	const plugin = control.plugins.get("__plugin_name__") as WebPlugin;
 	const [subscribableData, synced] = plugin.useSubscribableData();
 //%endif

 	return <PageLayout nav={[{ name: "__plugin_name__" }]}>
-		<h2>__plugin_name__</h2>
-//%if controller & web // Subscribing requires web content and the controller
+		<PageHeader title="__plugin_name__" />
+//%if controller // Subscribing requires web content and the controller
 		Synced: {String(synced)} Data: {JSON.stringify([...subscribableData.values()])}
 //%endif
 	</PageLayout>;
 }

 export class WebPlugin extends BaseWebPlugin {
-//%if controller & web // Subscribing requires web content and the controller
+//%if controller // Subscribing requires web content and the controller
 	subscribableData = new lib.EventSubscriber(ExampleSubscribableUpdate, this.control);

 //%endif
@@ -49,20 +53,22 @@ export class WebPlugin extends BaseWebPlugin {
 				sidebarName: "__plugin_name__",
 				// This permission is client side only, so it must match the permission string of a resource request to be secure
 				// An undefined value means that the page will always be visible
-//%if controller & web // Subscribing requires web content and the controller
+//%if controller // Subscribing requires web content and the controller
 				permission: "__plugin_name__.example.permission.subscribe",
 //%endif
-//%if !controller | !web
-				permission: undefined, // "__plugin_name__.example.permission.request",
+//%if !controller
+				permission: "__plugin_name__.example.permission.view",
 //%endif
 				content: <MyTemplatePage/>,
 			},
 		];
+//%if multi_context

 		this.control.handle(PluginExampleEvent, this.handlePluginExampleEvent.bind(this));
 		this.control.handle(PluginExampleRequest, this.handlePluginExampleRequest.bind(this));
+//%endif
 	}
-//%if controller & web // Subscribing requires web content and the controller
+//%if controller // Subscribing requires web content and the controller

 	useSubscribableData() {
 		const control = useContext(ControlContext);
@@ -70,6 +76,7 @@ export class WebPlugin extends BaseWebPlugin {
 		return useSyncExternalStore(subscribe, () => this.subscribableData.getSnapshot());
 	}
 //%endif
+//%if multi_context

 	async handlePluginExampleEvent(event: PluginExampleEvent) {
 		this.logger.info(JSON.stringify(event));
@@ -82,4 +89,5 @@ export class WebPlugin extends BaseWebPlugin {
 			myResponseNumbers: request.myNumberArray,
 		};
 	}
+//%endif
 }
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 * @module ctl/ctl
 */
 import fs from "fs-extra";
-import yargs from "yargs";
+import yargs, { type Argv } from "yargs";
 import path from "path";
 import { version } from "./package.json";
 import setBlocking from "set-blocking";
@@ -143,8 +143,30 @@ interface CtlArguments {
 	pluginList: string,
 }

-async function startControl() {
-	yargs
+interface InitializeParameters {
+	args: CtlArguments;
+	shouldRun: boolean;
+	ctlPlugins?: Map<string, BaseCtlPlugin>;
+	rootCommands?: lib.CommandTree;
+	controlConfig?: lib.ControlConfig;
+}
+
+export async function initialize(
+	argv: string | string[],
+	ctlPlugins?: Map<string, BaseCtlPlugin>,
+	noLoggerTransport?: boolean,
+): Promise<InitializeParameters> {
+	// Build a fresh, isolated yargs parser each time this function is called.
+	// If the currently loaded yargs object supports .reset() we use that (older versions),
+	// otherwise we fall back to creating a brand-new parser instance by invoking the
+	// yargs factory function directly with an empty argv array.  This avoids Mocha’s
+	// own CLI flags (or anything else that touched yargs earlier in the same process)
+	// from leaking into subsequent parses inside the test runner.
+	const parser: Argv = typeof (yargs as any).reset === "function"
+		? (yargs as any).reset()
+		: (yargs as any)([]);
+
+	parser
 		.scriptName("clusterioctl")
 		.usage("$0 <command> [options]")
 		.option("log-level", {
@@ -167,91 +189,110 @@ async function startControl() {
 			default: "plugin-list.json",
 			type: "string",
 		})
+		.option("bypass-lock-file", { hidden: true, type: "boolean", nargs: 0, default: false })
 		.command("plugin", "Manage available plugins", lib.pluginCommand)
 		.command("control-config", "Manage Control config", lib.configCommand)
-		.wrap(yargs.terminalWidth())
+		.wrap(parser.terminalWidth())
 		.help(false) // Disable help to avoid triggering it on the first parse.
 	;

 	// Parse the args first to get the configured plugin list.
 	// eslint-disable-next-line node/no-sync
-	let args = yargs.parseSync() as CtlArguments;
+	let args = parser.parseSync(argv) as CtlArguments;

-	// Log stream for the ctl session.
-	logger.add(
-		new ConsoleTransport({
-			errorLevels: Object.keys(levels),
-			level: args.logLevel,
-			format: new lib.TerminalFormat(),
-		})
-	);
-	lib.handleUnhandledErrors();
+	// Log stream for the ctl session. Skipped in testing.
+	if (!noLoggerTransport) {
+		logger.add(
+			new ConsoleTransport({
+				errorLevels: Object.keys(levels),
+				level: args.logLevel,
+				format: new lib.TerminalFormat(),
+			})
+		);
+		lib.handleUnhandledErrors();
+	}

-	logger.verbose(`Loading available plugins from ${args.pluginList}`);
-	let pluginList = new Map();
-	try {
-		pluginList = new Map(JSON.parse(await fs.readFile(args.pluginList, "utf8")));
-	} catch (err: any) {
-		if (err.code !== "ENOENT") {
-			throw err;
+	// Discover and load plugins. This check exists to allow tests to inject plugins.
+	if (!ctlPlugins || args._[0] === "plugin") {
+		logger.verbose(`Loading available plugins from ${args.pluginList}`);
+		const pluginList = await lib.loadPluginList(args.pluginList);
+
+		// If the command is plugin management we don't try to load plugins
+		if (args._[0] === "plugin") {
+			await lib.handlePluginCommand(args, pluginList, args.pluginList);
+			return { args, shouldRun: false };
 		}
+
+		logger.verbose("Loading Plugins");
+		ctlPlugins = await loadPlugins(pluginList);
 	}

-	// If the command is plugin management we don't try to load plugins
-	if (args._[0] === "plugin") {
-		await lib.handlePluginCommand(args, pluginList, args.pluginList);
-		return;
-	}
-
-	logger.verbose("Loading Plugins");
-	let ctlPlugins = await loadPlugins(pluginList);
-
-	// Add all cluster management commands including ones from plugins
-	let rootCommands = await commands.registerCommands(ctlPlugins, yargs);
-
-	// Reparse after commands have been added with help and strict checking.
-	args = yargs
+	// Add all commands including from plugins and reparse with help and strict checking.
+	const rootCommands = await commands.registerCommands(ctlPlugins, parser);
+	args = parser
 		.help()
 		.strict()
-		.parse() as CtlArguments
+		.parse(argv) as CtlArguments
 	;

-	logger.verbose(`Loading config from ${args.config}`);
+	const controlConfigPath = args.config;
+	const controlConfigLockPath = `${controlConfigPath}.lock`;
+	if (args.bypassLockFile) {
+		await fs.unlink(controlConfigLockPath).catch(() => {}); // ignore error, file might not exist
+	}
+
 	let controlConfig;
+	const controlConfigLock = new lib.LockFile(controlConfigLockPath);
+	logger.verbose(`Loading config from ${controlConfigPath}`);
 	try {
-		const jsonConfig = JSON.parse(await fs.readFile(args.config, "utf8"));
-		controlConfig = lib.ControlConfig.fromJSON(jsonConfig, "control");
+		controlConfig = await lib.ControlConfig.fromFile("control", controlConfigPath);

 	} catch (err: any) {
 		if (err.code === "ENOENT") {
 			logger.verbose("Config not found, initializing new config");
-			controlConfig = new lib.ControlConfig("control");
+			controlConfig = new lib.ControlConfig("control", undefined, controlConfigPath);

 		} else {
-			throw new lib.StartupError(`Failed to load ${args.config}: ${err.message}`);
+			throw new lib.StartupError(`Failed to load ${args.config}: ${err.stack ?? err.message ?? err}`);
 		}
 	}

 	if (args._.length === 0) {
-		yargs.showHelp();
-		yargs.exit(1, undefined as unknown as Error); // Type definition file is wrong.
+		parser.showHelp();
+		parser.exit(1, undefined as unknown as Error); // Type definition file is wrong.
 	}

 	// Handle the control-config command before trying to connect.
 	if (args._[0] === "control-config") {
-		await lib.handleConfigCommand(args, controlConfig, args.config);
-		return;
+		await lib.handleConfigCommand(args, controlConfig, controlConfigLock);
+		return { args, controlConfig, ctlPlugins, rootCommands, shouldRun: false };
 	}

-	// Determine which command is being executed.
+	return { args, controlConfig, ctlPlugins, rootCommands, shouldRun: true };
+}
+
+export function selectTargetCommand(args: CtlArguments, rootCommands: lib.CommandTree): lib.Command {
 	let commandPath = [...args._] as string[];
 	let targetCommand: lib.CommandTree | lib.Command = rootCommands;
 	while (commandPath.length && targetCommand instanceof lib.CommandTree) {
 		targetCommand = targetCommand.get(commandPath.shift()!)!;
 	}
 	assert(targetCommand instanceof lib.Command);
+	return targetCommand;
+}
+
+async function startControl() {
+	const {
+		args,
+		shouldRun,
+		ctlPlugins,
+		rootCommands,
+		controlConfig,
+	} = await initialize(process.argv.slice(2));
+	if (!shouldRun || !ctlPlugins || !rootCommands || !controlConfig) {
+		return;
+	}

-	// The remaining commands require connecting to the controller.
 	if (!controlConfig.get("control.controller_url") || !controlConfig.get("control.controller_token")) {
 		logger.error("Missing URL and/or token to connect with.  See README.md for setting up access.");
 		process.exitCode = 1;
@@ -270,6 +311,7 @@ async function startControl() {
 		tlsCa,
 		controlConfig.get("control.controller_token")!,
 	);
+
 	let control = new Control(controlConnector, controlConfig, tlsCa, ctlPlugins);
 	try {
 		await controlConnector.connect();
@@ -285,12 +327,13 @@ async function startControl() {
 		control.shutdown().catch(err => {
 			setBlocking(true);
 			logger.error(err.stack);
-			// eslint-disable-next-line node/no-process-exit
+
 			process.exit(1);
 		});
 	});

 	try {
+		const targetCommand = selectTargetCommand(args, rootCommands);
 		await targetCommand.run(args, control);

 	} catch (err) {
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 	"description": "Clusterio command line management tool",
 	"author": "Hornwitser",
 	"license": "MIT",
-	"version": "2.0.0-alpha.18",
+	"version": "2.0.0-alpha.22",
 	"main": "dist/node/index.js",
 	"scripts": {
 		"prepare": "tsc --build",
@@ -13,28 +13,29 @@
 		"clusterioctl": "./dist/node/ctl.js"
 	},
 	"keywords": [
+		"clusterio",
 		"factorio"
 	],
 	"engines": {
-		"node": ">=18"
+		"node": ">=20"
 	},
 	"dependencies": {
-		"@clusterio/lib": "^2.0.0-alpha.18",
+		"@clusterio/lib": "workspace:*",
+		"set-blocking": "catalog:",
+		"fs-extra": "catalog:",
+		"winston": "catalog:",
+		"phin": "catalog:",
 		"as-table": "^1.0.55",
-		"fs-extra": "^11.1.1",
-		"phin": "^3.7.0",
-		"set-blocking": "^2.0.0",
-		"winston": "^3.10.0",
 		"yargs": "^17.7.2"
 	},
 	"publishConfig": {
 		"access": "public"
 	},
 	"devDependencies": {
-		"@types/fs-extra": "^11.0.1",
-		"@types/node": "^20.4.5",
-		"@types/set-blocking": "^2.0.0",
-		"@types/yargs": "^17.0.24",
-		"typescript": "^5.1.6"
+		"@types/fs-extra": "catalog:",
+		"@types/node": "catalog:",
+		"@types/set-blocking": "catalog:",
+		"@types/yargs": "^17.0.33",
+		"typescript": "catalog:"
 	}
 }
@@ -95,6 +95,19 @@ controllerCommands.add(new lib.Command({
 		await control.send(new lib.ControllerRestartRequest());
 	},
 }));
+controllerCommands.add(new lib.Command({
+	definition: ["update", "Update the controller", (yargs) => {
+		yargs.option("restart", { alias: "r", type: "boolean", description: "Restart after update" });
+	}],
+	handler: async function(args: { restart: boolean }, control: Control) {
+		await control.send(new lib.ControllerUpdateRequest());
+		if (args.restart) {
+			await control.send(new lib.ControllerRestartRequest());
+		} else {
+			print("Controller updated; a restart is required to apply the changes.");
+		}
+	},
+}));

 const controllerConfigCommands = new lib.CommandTree({
 	name: "config", alias: ["c"], description: "controller config management",
@@ -184,28 +197,24 @@ controllerConfigCommands.add(new lib.Command({
 		editorSpawn.on("data", (data) => {
 			process.stdout.pipe(data);
 		});
-		let doneEmitter = new events.EventEmitter();
-		editorSpawn.on("exit", async (exit) => {
-			const data = await fs.readFile(tmpFile, "utf8");
-			const final = await configToKeyVal(data);
-			for (let index in final) {
-				if (index in final) {
-					try {
-						await control.send(new lib.ControllerConfigSetFieldRequest(
-							index,
-							final[index],
-						));
-					} catch (err) {
-						// eslint-disable-next-line
-						print(`Attempt to set ${index} to ${final[index] || String(null)} failed; set back to previous value.`);
-						print(err);
-						// If the string is empty, it's better to just print "" instead of nothing
-					}
+		await events.once(editorSpawn, "exit");
+		const data = await fs.readFile(tmpFile, "utf8");
+		const final = await configToKeyVal(data);
+		for (let index in final) {
+			if (index in final) {
+				try {
+					await control.send(new lib.ControllerConfigSetFieldRequest(
+						index,
+						final[index],
+					));
+				} catch (err) {
+					// eslint-disable-next-line
+					print(`Attempt to set ${index} to ${final[index] || String(null)} failed; set back to previous value.`);
+					print(err);
+					// If the string is empty, it's better to just print "" instead of nothing
 				}
 			}
-			doneEmitter.emit("dot_on_done");
-		});
-		await events.once(doneEmitter, "dot_on_done");
+		}
 		try {
 			await fs.unlink(tmpFile);
 		} catch (err) {
@@ -234,6 +243,35 @@ controllerPluginCommands.add(new lib.Command({
 		print(asTable(response.body));
 	},
 }));
+controllerPluginCommands.add(new lib.Command({
+	definition: ["update <plugin>", "Update a plugin on the controller", (yargs) => {
+		yargs.positional("plugin", { describe: "Plugin to update", type: "string" });
+		yargs.option("restart", { alias: "r", type: "boolean", description: "Restart after update" });
+	}],
+	handler: async function(args: { plugin: string, restart: boolean }, control: Control) {
+		await control.sendTo("controller", new lib.PluginUpdateRequest(args.plugin));
+		if (args.restart) {
+			await control.send(new lib.ControllerRestartRequest());
+		} else {
+			print("Plugin updated; a restart is required to apply the changes.");
+		}
+	},
+}));
+controllerPluginCommands.add(new lib.Command({
+	definition: ["install <plugin>", "Install a plugin on the controller", (yargs) => {
+		yargs.positional("plugin", { describe: "Plugin to install", type: "string" });
+		yargs.option("restart", { alias: "r", type: "boolean", description: "Restart after update" });
+	}],
+	handler: async function(args: { plugin: string, restart: boolean }, control: Control) {
+		await control.sendTo("controller", new lib.PluginInstallRequest(args.plugin));
+		if (args.restart) {
+			await control.send(new lib.ControllerRestartRequest());
+		} else {
+			print("Plugin installed; a restart is required to apply the changes.");
+		}
+	},
+}));
+
 controllerCommands.add(controllerPluginCommands);


@@ -322,6 +360,22 @@ hostCommands.add(new lib.Command({
 		}
 	},
 }));
+hostCommands.add(new lib.Command({
+	definition: ["update <host>", "Update the host", (yargs) => {
+		yargs.positional("host", { describe: "Host to update", type: "string" });
+		yargs.option("restart", { alias: "r", type: "boolean", description: "Restart after update" });
+	}],
+	handler: async function(args: { host: string, restart: boolean }, control: Control) {
+		let hostId = await lib.resolveHost(control, args.host);
+		await control.sendTo({ hostId }, new lib.HostUpdateRequest());
+		if (args.restart) {
+			await control.sendTo({ hostId }, new lib.HostRestartRequest());
+		} else {
+			print("Host updated; a restart is required to apply the changes.");
+		}
+	},
+}));
+

 const hostConfigCommands = new lib.CommandTree({
 	name: "config", alias: ["c"], description: "Host config management",
@@ -429,33 +483,29 @@ hostConfigCommands.add(new lib.Command({
 		editorSpawn.on("data", (data) => {
 			process.stdout.pipe(data);
 		});
-		let doneEmitter = new events.EventEmitter();
-		editorSpawn.on("exit", async (exit) => {
-			const data = await fs.readFile(tmpFile, "utf8");
-			const final = await configToKeyVal(data);
-			for (let index in final) {
-				if (index in final) {
-					try {
-						await control.sendTo({ hostId }, new lib.HostConfigSetFieldRequest(
-							index,
-							final[index],
-						));
-					} catch (err) {
-						// eslint-disable-next-line
-						print(`\n\n\nAttempt to set ${index} to ${final[index] || String(null)} failed; set back to previous value.`);
-						// If the string is empty, it's better to just print "" instead of nothing
-						print("This message shouldn't normally appear; if the below message does not indicate it");
-						print("was a user mistake, please report it to the clustorio devs.");
-						// added this because it could be a missed entry in disallowedList
-						// i've added all the vanilla clustorio configs, but there may be
-						// some modded ones that need to be added.
-						print(err);
-					}
+		await events.once(editorSpawn, "exit");
+		const data = await fs.readFile(tmpFile, "utf8");
+		const final = await configToKeyVal(data);
+		for (let index in final) {
+			if (index in final) {
+				try {
+					await control.sendTo({ hostId }, new lib.HostConfigSetFieldRequest(
+						index,
+						final[index],
+					));
+				} catch (err) {
+					// eslint-disable-next-line
+					print(`\n\n\nAttempt to set ${index} to ${final[index] || String(null)} failed; set back to previous value.`);
+					// If the string is empty, it's better to just print "" instead of nothing
+					print("This message shouldn't normally appear; if the below message does not indicate it");
+					print("was a user mistake, please report it to the clustorio devs.");
+					// added this because it could be a missed entry in disallowedList
+					// i've added all the vanilla clustorio configs, but there may be
+					// some modded ones that need to be added.
+					print(err);
 				}
 			}
-			doneEmitter.emit("dot_on_done");
-		});
-		await events.once(doneEmitter, "dot_on_done");
+		}
 		try {
 			await fs.unlink(tmpFile);
 		} catch (err) {
@@ -464,9 +514,60 @@ hostConfigCommands.add(new lib.Command({
 		}
 	},
 }));
+
 hostCommands.add(hostConfigCommands);


+const hostPluginCommands = new lib.CommandTree({
+	name: "plugin", alias: ["p"], description: "host plugin inspection",
+});
+hostPluginCommands.add(new lib.Command({
+	definition: ["list <host>", "List plugins on a host", (yargs) => {
+		yargs.positional("host", { describe: "Host to list for", type: "string" });
+	}],
+	handler: async function(args: { host: string }, control: Control) {
+		let hostId = await lib.resolveHost(control, args.host);
+		const plugins = await control.sendTo({ hostId }, new lib.PluginListRequest());
+		print(asTable(plugins.map(p => ({
+			title: p.title, version: p.version, loaded: p.loaded, enabled: p.enabled, npmPackage: p.npmPackage,
+		}))));
+	},
+}));
+hostPluginCommands.add(new lib.Command({
+	definition: ["update <host> <plugin>", "Update a plugin on a host", (yargs) => {
+		yargs.positional("host", { describe: "Host to update on", type: "string" });
+		yargs.positional("plugin", { describe: "Plugin to update", type: "string" });
+		yargs.option("restart", { alias: "r", type: "boolean", description: "Restart after update" });
+	}],
+	handler: async function(args: { host: string, plugin: string, restart: boolean }, control: Control) {
+		let hostId = await lib.resolveHost(control, args.host);
+		await control.sendTo({ hostId }, new lib.PluginUpdateRequest(args.plugin));
+		if (args.restart) {
+			await control.sendTo({ hostId }, new lib.HostRestartRequest());
+		} else {
+			print("Plugin updated; a restart is required to apply the changes.");
+		}
+	},
+}));
+hostPluginCommands.add(new lib.Command({
+	definition: ["install <host> <plugin>", "Install a plugin on a host", (yargs) => {
+		yargs.positional("host", { describe: "Host to install on", type: "string" });
+		yargs.positional("plugin", { describe: "Plugin to install", type: "string" });
+		yargs.option("restart", { alias: "r", type: "boolean", description: "Restart after update" });
+	}],
+	handler: async function(args: { host: string, plugin: string, restart: boolean }, control: Control) {
+		let hostId = await lib.resolveHost(control, args.host);
+		await control.sendTo({ hostId }, new lib.PluginInstallRequest(args.plugin));
+		if (args.restart) {
+			await control.sendTo({ hostId }, new lib.HostRestartRequest());
+		} else {
+			print("Plugin installed; a restart is required to apply the changes.");
+		}
+	},
+}));
+hostCommands.add(hostPluginCommands);
+
+
 const instanceCommands = new lib.CommandTree({
 	name: "instance", alias: ["i"], description: "Instance management",
 });
@@ -484,16 +585,21 @@ instanceCommands.add(new lib.Command({
 		yargs.positional("name", { describe: "Instance name", type: "string" });
 		yargs.options({
 			"id": { type: "number", nargs: 1, describe: "Instance id" },
+			"from": { type: "number", nargs: 1, describe: "Clone config from instance id" },
 		});
 	}],
-	handler: async function(args: { name: string, id?: number }, control: Control) {
+	handler: async function(args: { name: string, id?: number, from?: number, }, control: Control) {
 		let instanceConfig = new lib.InstanceConfig("control");
 		if (args.id !== undefined) {
 			instanceConfig.set("instance.id", args.id);
 		}
 		instanceConfig.set("instance.name", args.name);
-		const serializedConfig = instanceConfig.toRemote("controller");
-		await control.send(new lib.InstanceCreateRequest(serializedConfig));
+		await control.send(new lib.InstanceCreateRequest(
+			instanceConfig.toRemote("controller", [
+				"instance.id", "instance.name",
+			]),
+			args.from
+		));
 	},
 }));

@@ -618,34 +724,30 @@ instanceConfigCommands.add(new lib.Command({
 		editorSpawn.on("data", (data) => {
 			process.stdout.pipe(data);
 		});
-		let doneEmitter = new events.EventEmitter();
-		editorSpawn.on("exit", async (exit) => {
-			const data = await fs.readFile(tmpFile, "utf8");
-			const final = await configToKeyVal(data);
-			for (let index in final) {
-				if (index in final) {
-					try {
-						await control.send(new lib.InstanceConfigSetFieldRequest(
-							instanceId,
-							index,
-							final[index],
-						));
-					} catch (err) {
-						// eslint-disable-next-line
-						print(`\n\n\nAttempt to set ${index} to ${final[index] || String(null)} failed; set back to previous value.`);
-						// If the string is empty, it's better to just print "" instead of nothing
-						print("This message shouldn't normally appear; if the below message does not indicate it");
-						print("was a user mistake, please report it to the clustorio devs.");
-						// added this because it could be a missed entry in disallowedList
-						// i've added all the vanilla clustorio configs, but there may be
-						// some modded ones that need to be added.
-						print(err);
-					}
+		await events.once(editorSpawn, "exit");
+		const data = await fs.readFile(tmpFile, "utf8");
+		const final = await configToKeyVal(data);
+		for (let index in final) {
+			if (index in final) {
+				try {
+					await control.send(new lib.InstanceConfigSetFieldRequest(
+						instanceId,
+						index,
+						final[index],
+					));
+				} catch (err) {
+					// eslint-disable-next-line
+					print(`\n\n\nAttempt to set ${index} to ${final[index] || String(null)} failed; set back to previous value.`);
+					// If the string is empty, it's better to just print "" instead of nothing
+					print("This message shouldn't normally appear; if the below message does not indicate it");
+					print("was a user mistake, please report it to the clustorio devs.");
+					// added this because it could be a missed entry in disallowedList
+					// i've added all the vanilla clustorio configs, but there may be
+					// some modded ones that need to be added.
+					print(err);
 				}
 			}
-			doneEmitter.emit("dot_on_done");
-		});
-		await events.once(doneEmitter, "dot_on_done");
+		}
 		try {
 			await fs.unlink(tmpFile);
 		} catch (err) {
@@ -936,17 +1038,87 @@ instanceCommands.add(new lib.Command({
 	definition: ["start <instance>", "Start instance", (yargs) => {
 		yargs.positional("instance", { describe: "Instance to start", type: "string" });
 		yargs.options({
-			"save": { describe: "Save load, defaults to latest", nargs: 1, type: "string" },
+			"save": { describe: "Save to load, defaults to latest", nargs: 1, type: "string" },
 			"keep-open": { describe: "Keep console open", nargs: 0, type: "boolean", default: false },
 		});
 	}],
 	handler: async function(args: { instance: string, save?: string, keepOpen: boolean }, control: Control) {
-		let instanceId = await lib.resolveInstance(control, args.instance);
+		const instanceId = await lib.resolveInstance(control, args.instance);
 		await control.setLogSubscriptions({ instanceIds: [instanceId] });
 		await control.sendTo({ instanceId }, new lib.InstanceStartRequest(args.save));
 		control.keepOpen = args.keepOpen;
 	},
 }));
+instanceCommands.add(new lib.Command({
+	definition: ["restart <instance>", "Restart instance", (yargs) => {
+		yargs.positional("instance", { describe: "Instance to restart", type: "string" });
+		yargs.options({
+			"save": { describe: "Save to load, defaults to latest", nargs: 1, type: "string" },
+			"keep-open": { describe: "Keep console open", nargs: 0, type: "boolean", default: false },
+		});
+	}],
+	handler: async function(args: { instance: string, save?: string, keepOpen: boolean }, control: Control) {
+		const instanceId = await lib.resolveInstance(control, args.instance);
+		await control.setLogSubscriptions({ instanceIds: [instanceId] });
+		await control.sendTo({ instanceId }, new lib.InstanceRestartRequest(args.save));
+		control.keepOpen = args.keepOpen;
+	},
+}));
+
+instanceCommands.add(new lib.Command({
+	definition: ["start-all", "Start all stopped instances (respects exclude_from_start_all setting)", (yargs) => {
+		yargs.options({
+			"force": {
+				describe: "Start instances even if they have exclude_from_start_all set",
+				nargs: 0,
+				type: "boolean",
+				default: false,
+			},
+		});
+	}],
+	handler: async function(args: { force: boolean }, control: Control) {
+		// Get all instances
+		const instances = await control.send(new lib.InstanceDetailsListRequest());
+
+		// Filter instances that should be started
+		const instancesToStart = instances.filter((instance: lib.InstanceDetails) => {
+			// Only start instances that are currently stopped
+			if (instance.status !== "stopped") {
+				return false;
+			}
+
+			// Respect exclude_from_start_all setting unless --force is used
+			if (!args.force && instance.excludeFromStartAll) {
+				return false;
+			}
+
+			return true;
+		});
+
+		if (instancesToStart.length === 0) {
+			print("No instances to start.");
+			return;
+		}
+
+		print(`Starting ${instancesToStart.length} instance(s):`);
+		for (const instance of instancesToStart) {
+			print(`  - ${instance.name} (ID: ${instance.id})`);
+		}
+
+		// Start all filtered instances
+		const startPromises = instancesToStart.map(async (instance: lib.InstanceDetails) => {
+			try {
+				await control.sendTo({ instanceId: instance.id }, new lib.InstanceStartRequest());
+				print(`✓ Started ${instance.name}`);
+			} catch (error) {
+				print(`✗ Failed to start ${instance.name}: ${error}`);
+			}
+		});
+
+		await Promise.all(startPromises);
+		print("Start all operation completed.");
+	},
+}));

 instanceCommands.add(new lib.Command({
 	definition: ["load-scenario <instance> <scenario>", "Start instance by loading a scenario", (yargs) => {
@@ -993,6 +1165,41 @@ instanceCommands.add(new lib.Command({
 	},
 }));

+instanceCommands.add(new lib.Command({
+	definition: ["stop-all", "Stop all running instances", () => {}],
+	handler: async function(_args, control: Control) {
+		// Get all instances
+		const instances = await control.send(new lib.InstanceDetailsListRequest());
+
+		// Filter instances that should be stopped
+		const instancesToStop = instances
+			.filter((instance: lib.InstanceDetails) => ["starting", "running"].includes(instance.status));
+
+		if (instancesToStop.length === 0) {
+			print("No instances to stop.");
+			return;
+		}
+
+		print(`Stopping ${instancesToStop.length} instance(s):`);
+		for (const instance of instancesToStop) {
+			print(`  - ${instance.name} (ID: ${instance.id})`);
+		}
+
+		// Stop all filtered instances
+		const stopPromises = instancesToStop.map(async (instance: lib.InstanceDetails) => {
+			try {
+				await control.sendTo({ instanceId: instance.id }, new lib.InstanceStopRequest());
+				print(`✓ Stopped ${instance.name}`);
+			} catch (error) {
+				print(`✗ Failed to stop ${instance.name}: ${error}`);
+			}
+		});
+
+		await Promise.all(stopPromises);
+		print("Stop all operation completed.");
+	},
+}));
+
 instanceCommands.add(new lib.Command({
 	definition: ["kill <instance>", "Kill instance", (yargs) => {
 		yargs.positional("instance", { describe: "Instance to kill", type: "string" });
@@ -1155,7 +1362,7 @@ function setModPackMods(modPack: lib.ModPack, mods: string[] | undefined) {
 		if (!version) {
 			throw new lib.CommandError("Added mod must be formatted as name:version or name:version:sha1");
 		}
-		if (!/^\d+\.\d+\.\d+$/.test(version)) {
+		if (!lib.isFullVersion(version)) {
 			throw new lib.CommandError("version must match the format digit.digit.digit");
 		}
 		if (sha1 && !/^[0-9a-f]{40}$/.test(sha1)) {
@@ -1208,8 +1415,8 @@ modPackCommands.add(new lib.Command({
 		modPack.name = args.name;
 		if (args.description) { modPack.description = args.description; }
 		if (args.factorioVersion) {
-			if (!/^\d+\.\d+\.\d+?$/.test(args.factorioVersion)) {
-				throw new lib.CommandError("factorio-version must match the format digit.digit.digit");
+			if (!lib.isPartialVersion(args.factorioVersion)) {
+				throw new lib.CommandError("factorio-version must match the format digit.digit[.digit]");
 			}
 			modPack.factorioVersion = args.factorioVersion;
 		}
@@ -1289,8 +1496,8 @@ modPackCommands.add(new lib.Command({
 		if (args.name) { modPack.name = args.name; }
 		if (args.description) { modPack.description = args.description; }
 		if (args.factorioVersion) {
-			if (!/^\d+\.\d+\.\d+?$/.test(args.factorioVersion)) {
-				throw new lib.CommandError("factorio-version must match the format digit.digit.digit");
+			if (!lib.isPartialVersion(args.factorioVersion)) {
+				throw new lib.CommandError("factorio-version must match the format digit.digit[.digit]");
 			}
 			modPack.factorioVersion = args.factorioVersion;
 		}
@@ -1344,6 +1551,9 @@ modCommands.add(new lib.Command({
 		yargs.positional("mod-version", { describe: "Version of the mod", type: "string" });
 	}],
 	handler: async function(args: { name: string, modVersion: string }, control: Control) {
+		if (!lib.isFullVersion(args.modVersion)) {
+			throw new lib.CommandError("mod-version must match format digit.digit.digit");
+		}
 		let modInfo = await control.send(new lib.ModGetRequest(args.name, args.modVersion));
 		for (let [field, value] of Object.entries(modInfo)) {
 			if (value instanceof Array) {
@@ -1431,7 +1641,7 @@ modCommands.add(new lib.Command({
 	) {
 		let response = await control.send(new lib.ModSearchRequest(
 			args.query,
-			args.factorioVersion,
+			lib.normaliseApiVersion(args.factorioVersion as any),
 			args.page,
 			args.pageSize,
 			args.sort,
@@ -1510,6 +1720,9 @@ modCommands.add(new lib.Command({
 		yargs.positional("mod-version", { describe: "Version of mod to download", type: "string" });
 	}],
 	handler: async function(args: { name: string, modVersion: string }, control: Control) {
+		if (!lib.isFullVersion(args.modVersion)) {
+			throw new lib.CommandError("mod-version must match format digit.digit.digit");
+		}
 		let streamId = await control.send(new lib.ModDownloadRequest(args.name, args.modVersion));

 		let url = new URL(control.config.get("control.controller_url")!);
@@ -1550,6 +1763,9 @@ modCommands.add(new lib.Command({
 		yargs.positional("mod-version", { describe: "Version of mod to delete", type: "string" });
 	}],
 	handler: async function(args: { name: string, modVersion: string }, control: Control) {
+		if (!lib.isFullVersion(args.modVersion)) {
+			throw new lib.CommandError("mod-version must match format digit.digit.digit");
+		}
 		await control.send(new lib.ModDeleteRequest(args.name, args.modVersion));
 	},
 }));
@@ -1836,6 +2052,122 @@ userCommands.add(new lib.Command({
 	},
 }));

+async function handleImportOrRestore(args: {
+	filepath: string,
+	users: boolean,
+	bans: boolean,
+	admins: boolean,
+	whitelist: boolean,
+	noBackup?: boolean,
+}, control: Control, restore: boolean) {
+	let importType: ConstructorParameters<typeof lib.UserBulkImportRequest>[0];
+	const data = JSON.parse((await fs.readFile(args.filepath)).toString());
+	const optionCount = [args.users, args.bans, args.admins, args.whitelist]
+		.reduce((acc, bool) => (bool ? acc + 1 : acc), 0);
+
+	if (optionCount > 1) {
+		throw new lib.CommandError("Can not specify multiple options");
+	}
+
+	// Assign based on options or attempt to guess based on filename
+	const filename = path.basename(args.filepath);
+	if (args.users || (optionCount === 0 && data.export_version)) {
+		importType = "users";
+	} else if (args.bans || (optionCount === 0 && filename.includes("ban"))) {
+		importType = "bans";
+	} else if (args.admins || (optionCount === 0 && filename.includes("admin"))) {
+		importType = "admins";
+	} else if (args.whitelist || (optionCount === 0 && filename.includes("whitelist"))) {
+		importType = "whitelist";
+	} else {
+		throw new lib.CommandError("Unknown json file, please specify an option");
+	}
+
+	const backup = await control.send(
+		new lib.UserBulkImportRequest(importType, importType === "users" ? data.users : data, restore)
+	);
+
+	print(`${restore ? "Restored" : "Imported"} ${importType} from ${args.filepath}`);
+	if (restore && backup && !args.noBackup) {
+		await fs.writeJSON(`${importType}-backup.json`, backup, { spaces: 2 });
+		print(`Wrote backup to ${importType}-backup.json`);
+	}
+}
+
+userCommands.add(new lib.Command({
+	definition: ["import <filepath>", "Import user data from a file", (yargs) => {
+		yargs.positional("filepath", { describe: "Path to the file to import", type: "string" });
+		yargs.options({
+			"users": { describe: "Import users json", nargs: 0, type: "boolean", default: false },
+			"bans": { describe: "Import banlist json", nargs: 0, type: "boolean", default: false },
+			"admins": { describe: "Import adminlist json", nargs: 0, type: "boolean", default: false },
+			"whitelist": { describe: "Import whitelist json", nargs: 0, type: "boolean", default: false },
+		});
+	}],
+	handler: async function(args: any, control: any) {
+		await handleImportOrRestore(args, control, false);
+	},
+}));
+
+userCommands.add(new lib.Command({
+	definition: ["restore <filepath>", "Restore user data from a file", (yargs) => {
+		yargs.positional("filepath", { describe: "Path to the file to import", type: "string" });
+		yargs.options({
+			"users": { describe: "Restore users json", nargs: 0, type: "boolean", default: false },
+			"bans": { describe: "Restore banlist json", nargs: 0, type: "boolean", default: false },
+			"admins": { describe: "Restore adminlist json", nargs: 0, type: "boolean", default: false },
+			"whitelist": { describe: "Restore whitelist json", nargs: 0, type: "boolean", default: false },
+			"no-backup": { describe: "Don't save a backup to the cwd", nargs: 0, type: "boolean", default: false },
+		});
+	}],
+	handler: async function(args: any, control: any) {
+		await handleImportOrRestore(args, control, true);
+	},
+}));
+
+userCommands.add(new lib.Command({
+	definition: ["export <filepath>", "Export user data to a file", (yargs) => {
+		yargs.positional("filepath", { describe: "Path to the file to save to", type: "string" });
+		yargs.options({
+			"users": { describe: "Export users json", nargs: 0, type: "boolean", default: false },
+			"bans": { describe: "Export banlist json", nargs: 0, type: "boolean", default: false },
+			"admins": { describe: "Export adminlist json", nargs: 0, type: "boolean", default: false },
+			"whitelist": { describe: "Export whitelist json", nargs: 0, type: "boolean", default: false },
+		});
+	}],
+	handler: async function(args: {
+		filepath: string,
+		users: boolean,
+		bans: boolean,
+		admins: boolean,
+		whitelist: boolean,
+	}, control: Control) {
+		let exportType = "users" as ConstructorParameters<typeof lib.UserBulkExportRequest>[0];
+		const optionCount = [args.bans, args.admins, args.whitelist]
+			.reduce((acc, bool) => (bool ? acc + 1 : acc), 0);
+
+		if (optionCount > 1) {
+			throw new lib.CommandError("Can not specify multiple options");
+		}
+
+		// Assign based on options or attempt to guess based on filename
+		if (args.users) {
+			exportType = "users";
+		} else if (args.bans) {
+			exportType = "bans";
+		} else if (args.admins) {
+			exportType = "admins";
+		} else if (args.whitelist) {
+			exportType = "whitelist";
+		}
+
+		await fs.writeJSON(args.filepath, await control.send(
+			new lib.UserBulkExportRequest(exportType)
+		), { spaces: 2 });
+		print(`Exported ${exportType} to ${args.filepath}`);
+	},
+}));
+
 const logCommands = new lib.CommandTree({ name: "log", description: "Log inspection" });
 logCommands.add(new lib.Command({
 	definition: ["follow", "follow cluster log", (yargs) => {
@@ -4,7 +4,4 @@
 		{ "path": "../lib/tsconfig.node.json" },
 	],
 	"include": ["index.ts", "package.json", "ctl.ts", "src/**/*.ts"],
-	"compilerOptions": {
-		"outDir": "dist/node",
-	},
 }
@@ -113,6 +113,7 @@ async function startHost() {
 			default: "plugin-list.json",
 			type: "string",
 		})
+		.option("bypass-lock-file", { hidden: true, type: "boolean", nargs: 0, default: false })
 		.command("plugin", "Manage available plugins", lib.pluginCommand)
 		.command("config", "Manage Host config", lib.configCommand)
 		.command("run", "Run host", yargs => {
@@ -120,6 +121,10 @@ async function startHost() {
 				type: "boolean", nargs: 0, default: false,
 				describe: "Indicate that a process monitor will restart this host on failure",
 			});
+			yargs.option("recovery", {
+				type: "boolean", nargs: 0, default: false,
+				describe: "Start the host in recovery mode with all plugins disabled and controller disconnected",
+			});
 		})
 		.demandCommand(1, "You need to specify a command to run")
 		.strict()
@@ -144,17 +149,13 @@ async function startHost() {
 	let command = args._[0];
 	if (command === "run") {
 		logger.info(`Starting Clusterio host ${version}`);
+		if (args.recovery) {
+			logger.warn("Host recovery mode enabled. Some features will be disabled.");
+		}
 	}

 	logger.info(`Loading available plugins from ${args.pluginList}`);
-	let pluginList = new Map();
-	try {
-		pluginList = new Map(JSON.parse(await fs.readFile(args.pluginList, "utf8")));
-	} catch (err: any) {
-		if (err.code !== "ENOENT") {
-			throw err;
-		}
-	}
+	let pluginList = await lib.loadPluginList(args.pluginList);

 	// If the command is plugin management we don't try to load plugins
 	if (command === "plugin") {
@@ -167,29 +168,39 @@ async function startHost() {
 	lib.registerPluginMessages(pluginInfos);
 	lib.addPluginConfigFields(pluginInfos);

-	logger.info(`Loading config from ${args.config}`);
+	const hostConfigPath = args.config;
+	const hostConfigLockPath = `${hostConfigPath}.lock`;
+	if (args.bypassLockFile) {
+		await fs.unlink(hostConfigLockPath).catch(() => {}); // ignore error, file might not exist
+	}
+
 	let hostConfig;
+	const hostConfigLock = new lib.LockFile(hostConfigLockPath);
+	logger.info(`Loading config from ${hostConfigPath}`);
 	try {
-		const jsonConfig = JSON.parse(await fs.readFile(args.config, "utf8"));
-		hostConfig = lib.HostConfig.fromJSON(jsonConfig, "host");
+		hostConfig = await lib.HostConfig.fromFile("host", hostConfigPath);

 	} catch (err: any) {
 		if (err.code === "ENOENT") {
 			logger.info("Config not found, initializing new config");
-			hostConfig = new lib.HostConfig("host");
+			hostConfig = new lib.HostConfig("host", undefined, hostConfigPath);

 		} else {
-			throw new lib.StartupError(`Failed to load ${args.config}: ${err.message}`);
+			throw new lib.StartupError(`Failed to load ${args.config}: ${err.stack ?? err.message ?? err}`);
 		}
 	}

+	hostConfig.set("host.version", version); // Allows tracking last loaded version
+
 	if (command === "config") {
-		await lib.handleConfigCommand(args, hostConfig, args.config);
+		await lib.handleConfigCommand(args, hostConfig, hostConfigLock);
 		return;
 	}

-	// If we get here the command was run
+	// From this point on the host should run
+	await hostConfigLock.acquire();

+	// If we get here the command was run
 	await fs.ensureDir(hostConfig.get("host.instances_directory"));
 	await fs.ensureDir(hostConfig.get("host.mods_directory"));
 	await fs.ensureDir("modules");
@@ -228,11 +239,11 @@ async function startHost() {
 	let hostConnector = new HostConnector(hostConfig, tlsCa, pluginInfos);
 	host = new Host(
 		hostConnector,
-		args.config,
 		hostConfig,
 		tlsCa,
 		pluginInfos,
 		Boolean(args.canRestart),
+		Boolean(args.recovery),
 		...await Host.bootstrap(hostConfig)
 	);

@@ -242,7 +253,7 @@ async function startHost() {
 		if (secondSigint) {
 			setBlocking(true);
 			logger.fatal("Caught second interrupt, terminating immediately");
-			// eslint-disable-next-line node/no-process-exit
+
 			process.exit(1);
 		}

@@ -255,7 +266,7 @@ async function startHost() {
 		if (secondSigterm) {
 			setBlocking(true);
 			logger.fatal("Caught second termination, terminating immediately");
-			// eslint-disable-next-line node/no-process-exit
+
 			process.exit(1);
 		}

@@ -293,8 +304,8 @@ I           version of clusterio.  Expect things to break. I
 `
 	);
 	startHost().catch(err => {
-		if (err instanceof lib.AuthenticationFailed) {
-			logger.fatal(err.message);
+		if (err instanceof lib.WebSocketError) {
+			// Already handled by connector.on("error") within Host

 		} else if (err instanceof lib.StartupError) {
 			logger.fatal(`
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 -- Important: Keep this API in sync with modules/clusterio/api.lua
+local compat = require("compat")
 local api = {}


@@ -48,7 +49,7 @@ function api.send_json(channel, data)
 		return "\\x" .. string.format("%02x", match:byte())
 	end)

-	data = game.table_to_json(data)
+	data = compat.table_to_json(data)

 	-- If there's more than about 4kB of data users running with the Windows
 	-- console open will start to experience stuttering, otherwise we could
@@ -58,7 +59,7 @@ function api.send_json(channel, data)
 	else
 		local file_no = remote.call("clusterio_api", "get_file_no")
 		local file_name = "clst_" .. file_no .. ".json"
-		game.write_file(file_name, data, false, 0)
+		compat.write_file(file_name, data, false, 0)
 		print("\f$ipc:" .. channel .. "?f" .. file_name)
 	end
 end
@@ -1,4 +1,10 @@
 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+Version: 2.0.20
+Date: 25. 02. 2025
+  Features:
+    - Added support for Factorio 2.0 and space-age
+    - Add compatibility library with support for factorio 0.17 - 2.0
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Version: 0.1.2
  Features:
    - Added support for Factorio 1.1.
@@ -2,16 +2,20 @@
 	"name": "clusterio_lib",
 	"variants": [
 		{
-			"version": "0.1.0",
+			"version": "2.0.17",
 			"factorio_version": "0.17"
 		},
 		{
-			"version": "0.1.1",
+			"version": "2.0.18",
 			"factorio_version": "0.18"
 		},
 		{
-			"version": "0.1.2",
+			"version": "2.0.11",
 			"factorio_version": "1.1"
+		},
+		{
+			"version": "2.0.20",
+			"factorio_version": "2.0"
 		}
 	],
 	"title": "Clusterio Library (Alpha)",
@@ -19,6 +23,8 @@
 	"homepage": "https://github.com/clusterio/clusterio",
 	"description": "Library for interfacing with Clusterio.  Warning: work in progress alpha.",
 	"additional_files": {
-		"serialize.lua": ["..", "..", "modules", "clusterio", "serialize.lua"]
+		"compat.lua": ["..", "..", "modules", "clusterio", "compat.lua"],
+		"serialize.lua": ["..", "..", "modules", "clusterio", "serialize.lua"],
+		"json.lua": ["..", "..", "modules", "clusterio", "json.lua"]
 	}
 }
@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
 local function send_json(channel, data)
-	data = game.table_to_json(data)
+	data = helpers and helpers.table_to_json(data) or game.table_to_json(data)
 	print("\f$ipc:" .. channel .. "?j" .. data)
 end

 script.on_init(function()
-	send_json("mod_list", game.active_mods)
-	for name, mod_setting in pairs(game.mod_setting_prototypes) do
+	send_json("mod_list", script.active_mods)
+	local mod_settings = prototypes and prototypes.mod_setting or game.mod_setting_prototypes
+	for name, mod_setting in pairs(mod_settings) do
 		send_json("mod_setting_mod", { name = name, mod = mod_setting.mod })
 	end
 end)
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 -- Important: Keep this API in sync with mod/api.lua
+local compat = require("modules/clusterio/compat")
 local api = {}

+clusterio_patch_number = clusterio_patch_number or 0 --- @type number

 api.events = {
 	on_instance_updated = script.generate_event_name(),
@@ -8,11 +10,11 @@ api.events = {
 }

 function api.get_instance_name()
-	return global.clusterio.instance_name
+	return compat.script_data.clusterio.instance_name
 end

 function api.get_instance_id()
-	return global.clusterio.instance_id
+	return compat.script_data.clusterio.instance_id
 end

 function api.send_json(channel, data)
@@ -23,7 +25,7 @@ function api.send_json(channel, data)
 		return "\\x" .. string.format("%02x", match:byte())
 	end)

-	data = game.table_to_json(data)
+	data = compat.table_to_json(data)

 	-- If there's more than about 4kB of data users running with the Windows
 	-- console open will start to experience stuttering, otherwise we could
@@ -31,9 +33,10 @@ function api.send_json(channel, data)
 	if #data < 4000 then
 		print("\f$ipc:" .. channel .. "?j" .. data)
 	else
-		global.clusterio_file_no = (global.clusterio_file_no or 0) + 1
-		local file_name = "clst_" .. global.clusterio_file_no .. ".json"
-		game.write_file(file_name, data, false, 0)
+		local script_data = compat.script_data
+		script_data.clusterio_file_no = (script_data.clusterio_file_no or 0) + 1
+		local file_name = "clst_" .. script_data.clusterio_file_no .. ".json"
+		compat.write_file(file_name, data, false, 0)
 		print("\f$ipc:" .. channel .. "?f" .. file_name)
 	end
 end
@@ -0,0 +1,221 @@
+--[[
+Adds various functions used to ensure compatibly between version including some polyfills.
+
+Implementation Guidelines
+- If a function is only available at runtime in one version, then all versions must be made to error.
+- Where possible, directly assign the function / table to the member of compat.
+- When not possible, then it should replace itself with a direct assignment asap.
+- Versions are handled in ascending order covering all supported versions and ending with an error.
+]]
+
+local lib_json = require("json")
+
+--- @diagnostic disable: deprecated
+
+--- @class LibCompat
+--- @field script_data table
+--- @field prototypes LuaPrototypes
+--- @field active_mods table<string, string>
+--- @field write_file fun(filename: string, data: LocalisedString, append: boolean?, for_player: uint?)
+--- @field table_to_json fun(data: table): string
+--- @field json_to_table fun(json: string): AnyBasic?
+local compat = {}
+
+--- @class LibCompatMt
+--- @package
+local compat_mt = {}
+
+--- @alias VersionTable { [1]: number, [2]: number, [3]: number }
+
+--- Concert a version string into a version table
+--- @param version string
+--- @return VersionTable
+local function version_to_table(version)
+	local index = 0
+	local rtn = { 0, 0, 0 }
+	for part in version:gmatch("%d+") do
+		index = index + 1
+		rtn[index] = tonumber(part)
+	end
+	return rtn
+end
+
+--- The current version of factorio, the earliest supported is 0.17.69
+local current_version_str = "0.17.69"
+local current_version = version_to_table(current_version_str)
+do
+	local success, base_version = pcall(function()
+		return script.active_mods.base
+	end)
+	if success then
+		current_version_str = base_version
+		current_version = version_to_table(current_version_str)
+	end
+end
+
+--- Returns true if the current version is equal to the provided version
+--- @param version string Version to compare against
+--- @return boolean # True if versions are equal
+function compat.version_eq(version)
+	local version_tbl = version_to_table(version)
+	for i = 1, 3 do
+		if version_tbl[i] ~= current_version[i] then
+			return false
+		end
+	end
+	return true
+end
+
+--- Returns true if the current version is greater than or equal to the the provided version
+--- @param version string Version to compare against
+--- @return boolean # True if the version is greater or equal to provided
+function compat.version_ge(version)
+	local version_tbl = version_to_table(version)
+	for i = 1, 3 do
+		if version_tbl[i] > current_version[i] then
+			return false
+		elseif version_tbl[i] < current_version[i] then
+			return true
+		end
+	end
+	return true
+end
+
+--- Returns true if the current version is less than or equal to the the provided version
+--- @param version string Version to compare against
+--- @return boolean # True if the version is less or equal to provided
+function compat.version_le(version)
+	local version_tbl = version_to_table(version)
+	for i = 1, 3 do
+		if version_tbl[i] < current_version[i] then
+			return false
+		elseif version_tbl[i] > current_version[i] then
+			return true
+		end
+	end
+	return true
+end
+
+--- The major versions of factorio we support
+local v2 = compat.version_ge("2.0")
+local v1 = compat.version_ge("1.0")  and not compat.version_ge("2.0")
+local v0 = compat.version_ge("0.17") and not compat.version_ge("1.0")
+
+--- The minor versions of factorio we support
+local v2_0  = compat.version_ge("2.0")
+local v1_1  = compat.version_ge("1.1")  and not compat.version_ge("2.0")
+local v1_0  = compat.version_ge("1.0")  and not compat.version_ge("1.1")
+local v0_18 = compat.version_ge("0.18") and not compat.version_ge("1.0")
+local v0_17 = compat.version_ge("0.17") and not compat.version_ge("0.18")
+
+--- Raise an error because the current version is unsupported
+local function unsupported_version()
+	error("Unsupported version: " .. current_version_str, 3)
+end
+
+--- Raise an error because the function is only available at runtime
+local function runtime_only()
+	error("To maintain compatibly, this value can only be used during runtime.", 3)
+end
+
+--- Keys of this table will raise an unsupported error when accessed
+local unsupported_properties = {}
+
+--- Keys of this table can only be accessed at runtime
+--- The value is a function which returns the real value
+local runtime_properties = {}
+
+--- Handles the indexing of the tables above
+function compat_mt:__index(key)
+	if unsupported_properties[key] then
+		return unsupported_version()
+	elseif runtime_properties[key] then
+		if game == nil then
+			return runtime_only()
+		end
+		local value = runtime_properties[key]()
+		if value == nil then
+			return unsupported_version()
+		end
+		rawset(self, key, value)
+		return value
+	end
+end
+
+--- Prototype data contains all the definitions for the game, it is only available during runtime
+function runtime_properties.prototypes()
+	if v0 or v1 then
+		--- Lazy loading of prototype data
+		--- Iteration is UB, we can fix this once someone actually needs it
+		return setmetatable({}, {
+			__index = function(self, key)
+				local value = game[key .. "_prototypes"]
+				rawset(self, key, value)
+				return value
+			end
+		})
+	elseif v2 then
+		return prototypes
+	end
+end
+
+--- List of all active mods
+function runtime_properties.active_mods()
+	if v0_17 then
+		return game.active_mods
+	elseif v0 or v1 or v2 then
+		return script.active_mods
+	end
+end
+
+--- Writes a string to file
+function runtime_properties.write_file()
+	if v0 or v1 then
+		return game.write_file
+	elseif v2 then
+		return helpers.write_file
+	end
+end
+
+--- Convert tables to and from json, we have backported this to work before runtime
+if v0 or v1 then
+	compat.table_to_json = function(tbl)
+		if game then
+			compat.table_to_json = game.table_to_json
+			return game.table_to_json(tbl)
+		end
+		return lib_json.encode(tbl)
+	end
+	compat.json_to_table = function(json)
+		if game then
+			compat.json_to_table = game.json_to_table
+			return game.json_to_table(json)
+		end
+		return lib_json.decode(json)
+	end
+elseif v2 then
+	compat.table_to_json = helpers.table_to_json
+	compat.json_to_table = helpers.json_to_table
+else
+	unsupported_properties.table_to_json = true
+	unsupported_properties.json_to_table = true
+end
+
+--- Script data refers to lua data which is persisted between loads
+--- This is called immediately, during init and during load
+local function set_script_data()
+	if v0 or v1 then
+		--- @diagnostic disable-next-line
+		compat.script_data = global
+	elseif v2 then
+		compat.script_data = storage
+	else
+		unsupported_properties.script_data = true
+	end
+end
+
+set_script_data()
+compat.on_init = set_script_data --- @package
+compat.on_load = set_script_data --- @package
+
+return setmetatable(compat, compat_mt)
@@ -1,10 +1,14 @@
 local api = require('modules/clusterio/api')
+local compat = require("modules/clusterio/compat")

+--- @class (exact) EventData.on_server_startup:EventData

 local function check_patch()
-	if global.clusterio_patch_number ~= clusterio_patch_number then
-		global.clusterio_patch_number = clusterio_patch_number
-		script.raise_event(api.events.on_server_startup, {})
+	if compat.script_data.clusterio_patch_number ~= clusterio_patch_number then
+		compat.script_data.clusterio_patch_number = clusterio_patch_number
+		script.raise_event(api.events.on_server_startup, {
+			name = api.events.on_server_startup, tick = game.tick
+		})
 	end
 end

@@ -14,8 +18,8 @@ impl.events = {}
 impl.events[defines.events.on_tick] = check_patch

 impl.events[api.events.on_server_startup] = function()
-	if not global.clusterio then
-		global.clusterio = {
+	if not compat.script_data.clusterio then
+		compat.script_data.clusterio = {
 			instance_id = nil,
 			instance_name = nil,
 		}
@@ -46,12 +50,35 @@ impl.events[defines.events.on_player_left_game] = function(event)
 	})
 end

+impl.events[defines.events.on_player_banned] = function(event)
+	api.send_json("player_event", {
+		type = "BAN",
+		name = event.player_name,
+		reason = event.reason,
+	})
+end
+
+impl.events[defines.events.on_player_unbanned] = function(event)
+	api.send_json("player_event", { type = "UNBANNED", name = event.player_name })
+end
+
+impl.events[defines.events.on_player_promoted] = function(event)
+	local player = game.players[event.player_index]
+	api.send_json("player_event", { type = "PROMOTE", name = player.name })
+end
+
+impl.events[defines.events.on_player_demoted] = function(event)
+	local player = game.players[event.player_index]
+	api.send_json("player_event", { type = "DEMOTE", name = player.name })
+end
+
 -- Internal API
 clusterio_private = {}
 function clusterio_private.update_instance(new_id, new_name)
 	check_patch()
-	global.clusterio.instance_id = new_id
-	global.clusterio.instance_name = new_name
+	local script_data = compat.script_data
+	script_data.clusterio.instance_id = new_id
+	script_data.clusterio.instance_name = new_name
 	script.raise_event(api.events.on_instance_updated, {
 		instance_id = new_id,
 		instance_name = new_name,
@@ -71,16 +98,17 @@ remote.add_interface('clusterio_api', {
 	end,

 	get_instance_id = function()
-		return global.clusterio.instance_id
+		return compat.script_data.clusterio.instance_id
 	end,

 	get_instance_name = function()
-		return global.clusterio.instance_name
+		return compat.script_data.clusterio.instance_name
 	end,

 	get_file_no = function()
-		global.clusterio_file_no = (global.clusterio_file_no or 0) + 1
-		return global.clusterio_file_no
+		local script_data = compat.script_data
+		script_data.clusterio_file_no = (script_data.clusterio_file_no or 0) + 1
+		return script_data.clusterio_file_no
 	end,
 })

@@ -0,0 +1,388 @@
+--
+-- json.lua / https://github.com/rxi/json.lua
+--
+-- Copyright (c) 2020 rxi
+--
+-- Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of
+-- this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in
+-- the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to
+-- use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies
+-- of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do
+-- so, subject to the following conditions:
+--
+-- The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+-- copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+--
+-- THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+-- IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+-- FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+-- AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+-- LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+-- OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+-- SOFTWARE.
+--
+
+local json = { _version = "0.1.2" }
+
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+-- Encode
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+local encode
+
+local escape_char_map = {
+	[ "\\" ] = "\\",
+	[ "\"" ] = "\"",
+	[ "\b" ] = "b",
+	[ "\f" ] = "f",
+	[ "\n" ] = "n",
+	[ "\r" ] = "r",
+	[ "\t" ] = "t",
+}
+
+local escape_char_map_inv = { [ "/" ] = "/" }
+for k, v in pairs(escape_char_map) do
+	escape_char_map_inv[v] = k
+end
+
+
+local function escape_char(c)
+	return "\\" .. (escape_char_map[c] or string.format("u%04x", c:byte()))
+end
+
+
+local function encode_nil(val)
+	return "null"
+end
+
+
+local function encode_table(val, stack)
+	local res = {}
+	stack = stack or {}
+
+	-- Circular reference?
+	if stack[val] then error("circular reference") end
+
+	stack[val] = true
+
+	if rawget(val, 1) ~= nil or next(val) == nil then
+		-- Treat as array -- check keys are valid and it is not sparse
+		local n = 0
+		for k in pairs(val) do
+			if type(k) ~= "number" then
+				error("invalid table: mixed or invalid key types")
+			end
+			n = n + 1
+		end
+		if n ~= #val then
+			error("invalid table: sparse array")
+		end
+		-- Encode
+		for i, v in ipairs(val) do
+			table.insert(res, encode(v, stack))
+		end
+		stack[val] = nil
+		return "[" .. table.concat(res, ",") .. "]"
+
+	else
+		-- Treat as an object
+		for k, v in pairs(val) do
+			if type(k) ~= "string" then
+				error("invalid table: mixed or invalid key types")
+			end
+			table.insert(res, encode(k, stack) .. ":" .. encode(v, stack))
+		end
+		stack[val] = nil
+		return "{" .. table.concat(res, ",") .. "}"
+	end
+end
+
+
+local function encode_string(val)
+	return '"' .. val:gsub('[%z\1-\31\\"]', escape_char) .. '"'
+end
+
+
+local function encode_number(val)
+	-- Check for NaN, -inf and inf
+	if val ~= val or val <= -math.huge or val >= math.huge then
+		error("unexpected number value '" .. tostring(val) .. "'")
+	end
+	return string.format("%.14g", val)
+end
+
+
+local type_func_map = {
+	[ "nil"		 ] = encode_nil,
+	[ "table"	 ] = encode_table,
+	[ "string"	] = encode_string,
+	[ "number"	] = encode_number,
+	[ "boolean" ] = tostring,
+}
+
+
+encode = function(val, stack)
+	local t = type(val)
+	local f = type_func_map[t]
+	if f then
+		return f(val, stack)
+	end
+	error("unexpected type '" .. t .. "'")
+end
+
+
+function json.encode(val)
+	return ( encode(val) )
+end
+
+
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+-- Decode
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+local parse
+
+local function create_set(...)
+	local res = {}
+	for i = 1, select("#", ...) do
+		res[ select(i, ...) ] = true
+	end
+	return res
+end
+
+local space_chars	 = create_set(" ", "\t", "\r", "\n")
+local delim_chars	 = create_set(" ", "\t", "\r", "\n", "]", "}", ",")
+local escape_chars	= create_set("\\", "/", '"', "b", "f", "n", "r", "t", "u")
+local literals			= create_set("true", "false", "null")
+
+local literal_map = {
+	[ "true"	] = true,
+	[ "false" ] = false,
+	[ "null"	] = nil,
+}
+
+
+local function next_char(str, idx, set, negate)
+	for i = idx, #str do
+		if set[str:sub(i, i)] ~= negate then
+			return i
+		end
+	end
+	return #str + 1
+end
+
+
+local function decode_error(str, idx, msg)
+	local line_count = 1
+	local col_count = 1
+	for i = 1, idx - 1 do
+		col_count = col_count + 1
+		if str:sub(i, i) == "\n" then
+			line_count = line_count + 1
+			col_count = 1
+		end
+	end
+	error( string.format("%s at line %d col %d", msg, line_count, col_count) )
+end
+
+
+local function codepoint_to_utf8(n)
+	-- http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&id=iws-appendixa
+	local f = math.floor
+	if n <= 0x7f then
+		return string.char(n)
+	elseif n <= 0x7ff then
+		return string.char(f(n / 64) + 192, n % 64 + 128)
+	elseif n <= 0xffff then
+		return string.char(f(n / 4096) + 224, f(n % 4096 / 64) + 128, n % 64 + 128)
+	elseif n <= 0x10ffff then
+		return string.char(f(n / 262144) + 240, f(n % 262144 / 4096) + 128,
+											 f(n % 4096 / 64) + 128, n % 64 + 128)
+	end
+	error( string.format("invalid unicode codepoint '%x'", n) )
+end
+
+
+local function parse_unicode_escape(s)
+	local n1 = tonumber( s:sub(1, 4),	16 )
+	local n2 = tonumber( s:sub(7, 10), 16 )
+	 -- Surrogate pair?
+	if n2 then
+		return codepoint_to_utf8((n1 - 0xd800) * 0x400 + (n2 - 0xdc00) + 0x10000)
+	else
+		return codepoint_to_utf8(n1)
+	end
+end
+
+
+local function parse_string(str, i)
+	local res = ""
+	local j = i + 1
+	local k = j
+
+	while j <= #str do
+		local x = str:byte(j)
+
+		if x < 32 then
+			decode_error(str, j, "control character in string")
+
+		elseif x == 92 then -- `\`: Escape
+			res = res .. str:sub(k, j - 1)
+			j = j + 1
+			local c = str:sub(j, j)
+			if c == "u" then
+				local hex = str:match("^[dD][89aAbB]%x%x\\u%x%x%x%x", j + 1)
+								 or str:match("^%x%x%x%x", j + 1)
+								 or decode_error(str, j - 1, "invalid unicode escape in string")
+				res = res .. parse_unicode_escape(hex)
+				j = j + #hex
+			else
+				if not escape_chars[c] then
+					decode_error(str, j - 1, "invalid escape char '" .. c .. "' in string")
+				end
+				res = res .. escape_char_map_inv[c]
+			end
+			k = j + 1
+
+		elseif x == 34 then -- `"`: End of string
+			res = res .. str:sub(k, j - 1)
+			return res, j + 1
+		end
+
+		j = j + 1
+	end
+
+	decode_error(str, i, "expected closing quote for string")
+end
+
+
+local function parse_number(str, i)
+	local x = next_char(str, i, delim_chars)
+	local s = str:sub(i, x - 1)
+	local n = tonumber(s)
+	if not n then
+		decode_error(str, i, "invalid number '" .. s .. "'")
+	end
+	return n, x
+end
+
+
+local function parse_literal(str, i)
+	local x = next_char(str, i, delim_chars)
+	local word = str:sub(i, x - 1)
+	if not literals[word] then
+		decode_error(str, i, "invalid literal '" .. word .. "'")
+	end
+	return literal_map[word], x
+end
+
+
+local function parse_array(str, i)
+	local res = {}
+	local n = 1
+	i = i + 1
+	while 1 do
+		local x
+		i = next_char(str, i, space_chars, true)
+		-- Empty / end of array?
+		if str:sub(i, i) == "]" then
+			i = i + 1
+			break
+		end
+		-- Read token
+		x, i = parse(str, i)
+		res[n] = x
+		n = n + 1
+		-- Next token
+		i = next_char(str, i, space_chars, true)
+		local chr = str:sub(i, i)
+		i = i + 1
+		if chr == "]" then break end
+		if chr ~= "," then decode_error(str, i, "expected ']' or ','") end
+	end
+	return res, i
+end
+
+
+local function parse_object(str, i)
+	local res = {}
+	i = i + 1
+	while 1 do
+		local key, val
+		i = next_char(str, i, space_chars, true)
+		-- Empty / end of object?
+		if str:sub(i, i) == "}" then
+			i = i + 1
+			break
+		end
+		-- Read key
+		if str:sub(i, i) ~= '"' then
+			decode_error(str, i, "expected string for key")
+		end
+		key, i = parse(str, i)
+		-- Read ':' delimiter
+		i = next_char(str, i, space_chars, true)
+		if str:sub(i, i) ~= ":" then
+			decode_error(str, i, "expected ':' after key")
+		end
+		i = next_char(str, i + 1, space_chars, true)
+		-- Read value
+		val, i = parse(str, i)
+		-- Set
+		res[key] = val
+		-- Next token
+		i = next_char(str, i, space_chars, true)
+		local chr = str:sub(i, i)
+		i = i + 1
+		if chr == "}" then break end
+		if chr ~= "," then decode_error(str, i, "expected '}' or ','") end
+	end
+	return res, i
+end
+
+
+local char_func_map = {
+	[ '"' ] = parse_string,
+	[ "0" ] = parse_number,
+	[ "1" ] = parse_number,
+	[ "2" ] = parse_number,
+	[ "3" ] = parse_number,
+	[ "4" ] = parse_number,
+	[ "5" ] = parse_number,
+	[ "6" ] = parse_number,
+	[ "7" ] = parse_number,
+	[ "8" ] = parse_number,
+	[ "9" ] = parse_number,
+	[ "-" ] = parse_number,
+	[ "t" ] = parse_literal,
+	[ "f" ] = parse_literal,
+	[ "n" ] = parse_literal,
+	[ "[" ] = parse_array,
+	[ "{" ] = parse_object,
+}
+
+
+parse = function(str, idx)
+	local chr = str:sub(idx, idx)
+	local f = char_func_map[chr]
+	if f then
+		return f(str, idx)
+	end
+	decode_error(str, idx, "unexpected character '" .. chr .. "'")
+end
+
+
+function json.decode(str)
+	if type(str) ~= "string" then
+		error("expected argument of type string, got " .. type(str))
+	end
+	local res, idx = parse(str, next_char(str, 1, space_chars, true))
+	idx = next_char(str, idx, space_chars, true)
+	if idx <= #str then
+		decode_error(str, idx, "trailing garbage")
+	end
+	return res
+end
+
+
+return json
@@ -2,5 +2,8 @@
 	"name": "clusterio",
 	"version": "0.0.0",
 	"dependencies": {},
-	"load": ["impl.lua"]
+	"load": [
+		"impl.lua",
+		"compat.lua"
+	]
 }
@@ -1,48 +1,28 @@
 -- Library for serializing items in Factorio
 -- Based on code from playerManager and trainTeleports
+local compat = require("modules/clusterio/compat")
 local serialize = {}

-local function version_to_table(version)
-	local t = {}
-	for p in string.gmatch(version, "%d+") do
-		t[#t + 1] = tonumber(p)
-	end
-	return t
-end
-
 -- 0.17 compatibility
-local supports_bar, get_bar, set_bar, version
-if (pcall(function() local mods = script.active_mods end)) then
+local supports_bar, get_bar, set_bar
+if compat.version_ge("1.0.0") then
 	supports_bar = "supports_bar"
 	get_bar = "get_bar"
 	set_bar = "set_bar"
-	version = version_to_table(script.active_mods.base)
 else
 	supports_bar = "hasbar"
 	get_bar = "getbar"
 	set_bar = "setbar"
-	version = version_to_table("0.17.69")
 end

-- returns true if the game version is greater than or equal to the given version
-local function version_ge(comp)
-	comp = version_to_table(comp)
-	for i=1, 3 do
-		if comp[i] > version[i] then
-			return false
-		elseif comp[i] < version[i] then
-			return true
-		end
-	end
-	return true
-end
-
-local has_create_grid = version_ge("1.1.7")
-
+local has_create_grid = compat.version_ge("1.1.7")
+local has_quality = compat.version_ge("2.0.0")

 -- Equipment Grids are serialized into an array of equipment entries
 -- where ench entry is a table with the following fields:
 --	 n: name
+--	 g: ghost name (optional)
+--	 t: to_be_removed (optional)
 --	 p: position (array of 2 numbers corresponding to x and y)
 --	 s: shield (optional)
 --	 e: energy (optional)
@@ -51,6 +31,8 @@ local has_create_grid = version_ge("1.1.7")
 --	 r: result inventory
 --	 b: currently burning (optional)
 --	 f: remaining_burning_fuel (optional)
+-- If the equipment has a quality the following is also present:
+--	 q: quality (optional)
 function serialize.serialize_equipment_grid(grid)
 	local serialized = {}
 	local processed = {}
@@ -66,6 +48,11 @@ function serialize.serialize_equipment_grid(grid)
 						n = equipment.name,
 						p = {pos.x, pos.y},
 					}
+					if equipment.type == "equipment-ghost" then
+						if equipment.ghost_name then
+							entry.g = equipment.ghost_name
+						end
+					end
 					if equipment.shield > 0 then entry.s = equipment.shield end
 					if equipment.energy > 0 then entry.e = equipment.energy end
 					if equipment.burner then
@@ -77,6 +64,12 @@ function serialize.serialize_equipment_grid(grid)
 							entry.f = burner.remaining_burning_fuel
 						end
 					end
+					if equipment.quality then
+						entry.q = equipment.quality.name
+					end
+					if equipment.to_be_removed then
+						entry.t = equipment.to_be_removed
+					end
 					table.insert(serialized, entry)
 				end
 			end
@@ -89,8 +82,10 @@ function serialize.deserialize_equipment_grid(grid, serialized)
 	grid.clear()
 	for _, entry in ipairs(serialized) do
 		local equipment = grid.put({
-			name = entry.n,
+			name = entry.g or entry.n,
+			quality = has_quality and entry.q or nil,
 			position = entry.p,
+			ghost = entry.g and true or nil,
 		})
 		if equipment then
 			if entry.s then equipment.shield = entry.s end
@@ -109,6 +104,7 @@ end
 -- Item stacks are serialized into a table with the following fields:
 --	 n: name
 --	 c: count
+--	 q: quality (optional)
 --	 h: health (optional)
 --	 d: durability (optional)
 --	 a: ammo count (optional)
@@ -141,8 +137,9 @@ function serialize.serialize_item_stack(slot, entry)

 	entry.n = slot.name
 	entry.c = slot.count
+	if has_quality and slot.quality.level ~= 0 then entry.q = slot.quality.name end
 	if slot.health < 1 then entry.h = slot.health end
-	if slot.durability then entry.d = slot.durability end
+	if slot.type == "tool" and slot.durability then entry.d = slot.durability end
 	if slot.type == "ammo" then entry.a = slot.ammo end
 	if slot.is_item_with_label then
 		local label = {}
@@ -178,6 +175,7 @@ function serialize.deserialize_item_stack(slot, entry)
 		name = entry.n,
 		count = entry.c,
 	}
+	if entry.q then item_stack.quality = entry.q end
 	if entry.h then item_stack.health = entry.h end
 	if entry.d then item_stack.durability = entry.d end
 	if entry.a then item_stack.ammo = entry.a end
@@ -244,7 +242,7 @@ function serialize.serialize_inventory(inventory)
 		end

 		if item.n or item.f or item.e then
-			local item_serialized = game.table_to_json(item)
+			local item_serialized = compat.table_to_json(item)
 			if item_serialized == previous_serialized then
 				local previous_item = serialized.i[#serialized.i]
 				previous_item.r = (previous_item.r or 0) + 1
@@ -305,5 +303,4 @@ function serialize.deserialize_inventory(inventory, serialized)
 	end
 end

-
 return serialize
@@ -3,46 +3,48 @@
 	"description": "Implementation of Clusterio host server",
 	"author": "Hornwitser",
 	"license": "MIT",
-	"version": "2.0.0-alpha.18",
+	"version": "2.0.0-alpha.22b",
 	"main": "dist/node/index.js",
 	"scripts": {
 		"prepare": "tsc --build",
+		"build-mod": "node ../lib/build_mod.js --source-dir ./lua/clusterio_lib",
 		"test": "echo \"Error: no test specified\" && exit 1"
 	},
 	"bin": {
 		"clusteriohost": "./dist/node/host.js"
 	},
 	"keywords": [
+		"clusterio",
 		"factorio"
 	],
 	"engines": {
-		"node": ">=18"
+		"node": ">=20"
 	},
 	"dependencies": {
-		"@clusterio/lib": "^2.0.0-alpha.18",
-		"@sinclair/typebox": "^0.30.4",
-		"fs-extra": "^11.1.1",
+		"@clusterio/lib": "workspace:*",
+		"@sinclair/typebox": "catalog:",
+		"set-blocking": "catalog:",
+		"fs-extra": "catalog:",
+		"jszip": "catalog:",
+		"phin": "catalog:",
+		"winston": "catalog:",
+		"winston-daily-rotate-file": "catalog:",
 		"jimp": "^0.22.8",
-		"jszip": "^3.10.1",
-		"phin": "^3.7.0",
 		"pidusage": "^3.0.2",
-		"rcon-client": "^4.2.3",
-		"semver": "^7.5.4",
-		"set-blocking": "^2.0.0",
-		"winston": "^3.10.0",
-		"winston-daily-rotate-file": "^4.7.1",
+		"rcon-client": "^4.2.5",
+		"semver": "^7.7.1",
 		"yargs": "^17.7.2"
 	},
 	"publishConfig": {
 		"access": "public"
 	},
 	"devDependencies": {
-		"@types/fs-extra": "^11.0.1",
-		"@types/node": "^20.4.5",
+		"@types/node": "catalog:",
+		"@types/fs-extra": "catalog:",
+		"@types/set-blocking": "catalog:",
 		"@types/pidusage": "^2.0.2",
 		"@types/semver": "^7.5.0",
-		"@types/set-blocking": "^2.0.0",
-		"@types/yargs": "^17.0.24",
-		"typescript": "^5.1.6"
+		"@types/yargs": "^17.0.33",
+		"typescript": "catalog:"
 	}
 }
@@ -43,19 +43,20 @@ async function discoverInstances(instancesDir: string) {
 	let instanceInfos = new Map<number, { path: string, config: lib.InstanceConfig }>();
 	for (let entry of await fs.readdir(instancesDir, { withFileTypes: true })) {
 		if (entry.isDirectory()) {
-			let instanceConfig = new lib.InstanceConfig("host");
-			let configPath = path.join(instancesDir, entry.name, "instance.json");
+			let instanceConfig = new lib.InstanceConfig("host", Host.instanceConfigWarning);
+			const instancePath = path.join(instancesDir, entry.name);
+			const configPath = path.join(instancePath, "instance.json");

 			try {
-				const jsonConfig = JSON.parse(await fs.readFile(configPath, "utf8"));
-				instanceConfig = lib.InstanceConfig.fromJSON(jsonConfig, "host");
+				instanceConfig = await lib.InstanceConfig.fromFile("host", configPath);
+				instanceConfig.update(Host.instanceConfigWarning, false); // File might be missing the warning

 			} catch (err: any) {
 				if (err.code === "ENOENT") {
 					continue; // Ignore folders without config.json
 				}

-				logger.error(`Error occured while parsing ${configPath}: ${err.message}`);
+				logger.error(`Error occurred while parsing ${configPath}: ${err.message}`);
 				continue;
 			}

@@ -64,7 +65,6 @@ async function discoverInstances(instancesDir: string) {
 				continue;
 			}

-			let instancePath = path.join(instancesDir, entry.name);
 			logger.verbose(`found instance ${instanceConfig.get("instance.name")} in ${instancePath}`);
 			instanceInfos.set(instanceConfig.get("instance.id"), {
 				path: instancePath,
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ export class HostRouter {
 						return false;
 					}
 					origin.connector.sendResponseError(
-						new lib.ResponseError("Instance is not running."), message.src
+						new lib.ResponseError(msg || "Instance is not running."), message.src
 					);
 				}
 				return true;
@@ -250,7 +250,7 @@ export class HostRouter {
 * Connects to the controller over the WebSocket and manages intsances.
 */
 export default class Host extends lib.Link {
-	declare ["connector"]: HostConnector;
+	declare "connector": HostConnector;

 	router = new HostRouter(this);
 	/**
@@ -258,7 +258,6 @@ export default class Host extends lib.Link {
 	 */
 	tlsCa?: string;
 	pluginInfos: lib.PluginNodeEnvInfo[];
-	configPath: string;
 	config: lib.HostConfig;

 	/** Mapping of plugin name to loaded plugin */
@@ -279,6 +278,10 @@ export default class Host extends lib.Link {
 	_disconnecting = false;
 	_shuttingDown = false;

+	static instanceConfigWarning = {
+		"_warning": "Changes to this file will be overwritten by the controller's copy.",
+	};
+
 	static async bootstrap(hostConfig: lib.HostConfig) {
 		const modsDirectory = hostConfig.get("host.mods_directory");
 		await fs.ensureDir(modsDirectory);
@@ -289,7 +292,6 @@ export default class Host extends lib.Link {

 	constructor(
 		connector: HostConnector,
-		hostConfigPath: string,
 		hostConfig: lib.HostConfig,
 		tlsCa: string | undefined,
 		pluginInfos: lib.PluginNodeEnvInfo[],
@@ -298,13 +300,17 @@ export default class Host extends lib.Link {
 		 * will restart this host on a non-zero exit codes.
 		 */
 		public canRestart = false,
+		/**
+		 * If true indicates the host is in recovery mode and should
+		 * disable certain actions such as loading plugins or instance autostart
+		 */
+		public recoveryMode = false,
 		public modStore = new lib.ModStore(hostConfig.get("host.mods_directory"), new Map()),
 	) {
 		super(connector);
 		this.tlsCa = tlsCa;

 		this.pluginInfos = pluginInfos;
-		this.configPath = hostConfigPath;
 		this.config = hostConfig;

 		this.config.on("fieldChanged", (name, curr, prev) => {
@@ -346,13 +352,17 @@ export default class Host extends lib.Link {
 					logger.fatal(`Unexpected error reconnecting to controller:\n${err.stack}`);
 					return this.shutdown();
 				});
-
 			} else {
 				logger.fatal("Controller connection was unexpectedly closed");
 				this.shutdown();
 			}
 		});

+		this.connector.on("error", err => {
+			logger.fatal(err.message);
+			this.shutdown();
+		});
+
 		for (let event of ["connect", "drop", "resume", "close"] as const) {
 			this.connector.on(event, () => {
 				let message = new lib.ControllerConnectionEvent(event);
@@ -367,17 +377,23 @@ export default class Host extends lib.Link {

 		this.handle(lib.HostStopRequest, this.handleHostStopRequest.bind(this));
 		this.handle(lib.HostRestartRequest, this.handleHostRestartRequest.bind(this));
+		this.handle(lib.HostUpdateRequest, this.handleHostUpdateRequest.bind(this));
 		this.handle(lib.HostConfigGetRequest, this.handleHostConfigGetRequest.bind(this));
 		this.handle(lib.HostConfigSetFieldRequest, this.handleHostConfigSetFieldRequest.bind(this));
 		this.handle(lib.HostConfigSetPropRequest, this.handleHostConfigSetPropRequest.bind(this));
+		this.handle(lib.HostMetricsRequest, this.handleHostMetricsRequest.bind(this));
 		this.handle(lib.SyncUserListsEvent, this.handleSyncUserListsEvent.bind(this));
+		this.handle(lib.SystemInfoRequest, this.handleSystemInfoRequest.bind(this));
+		this.handle(lib.PluginListRequest, this.handlePluginListRequest.bind(this));
+		this.handle(lib.PluginUpdateRequest, this.handlePluginUpdateRequest.bind(this));
+		this.handle(lib.PluginInstallRequest, this.handlePluginInstallRequest.bind(this));
+
 		this.snoopEvent(lib.InstanceAdminlistUpdateEvent, this.handleAdminlistUpdateEvent.bind(this));
 		this.snoopEvent(lib.InstanceBanlistUpdateEvent, this.handleBanlistUpdateEvent.bind(this));
 		this.snoopEvent(lib.InstanceWhitelistUpdateEvent, this.handleWhitelistUpdateEvent.bind(this));
+
 		this.handle(lib.InstanceAssignInternalRequest, this.handleInstanceAssignInternalRequest.bind(this));
 		this.handle(lib.InstanceUnassignInternalRequest, this.handleInstanceUnassignInternalRequest.bind(this));
-		this.handle(lib.SystemInfoRequest, this.handleSystemInfoRequest.bind(this));
-		this.handle(lib.HostMetricsRequest, this.handleHostMetricsRequest.bind(this));
 		this.fallbackRequest(
 			lib.InstanceSaveDetailsListRequest, this.fallbackInstanceSaveDetailsListRequest.bind(this),
 		);
@@ -394,11 +410,16 @@ export default class Host extends lib.Link {
 		for (let pluginInfo of this.pluginInfos) {
 			if (
 				!pluginInfo.hostEntrypoint && !pluginInfo.instanceEntrypoint
-				|| !this.config.get(`${pluginInfo.name}.load_plugin` as keyof lib.HostConfigFields)
+				|| !this.config.get(`${pluginInfo.name}.load_plugin`)
 			) {
 				continue;
 			}

+			if (this.recoveryMode) {
+				logger.warn(`Recovery | force disabled plugin ${pluginInfo.name}`);
+				continue;
+			}
+
 			let HostPluginClass = BaseHostPlugin;
 			try {
 				if (pluginInfo.hostEntrypoint) {
@@ -614,11 +635,12 @@ export default class Host extends lib.Link {
 	}

 	async fetchMods(mods: Iterable<lib.ModRecord>) {
+		// This is better than the previous hard coded names
+		// But it really shouldn't be a hard coded version either
+		const builtinModNames = lib.ModPack.getBuiltinModNames("2.0");
 		const modInfos: Promise<lib.ModInfo>[] = [];
 		for (const mod of mods) {
-			// XXX These mods ship with Factorio, but the list of mods may
-			// change and should not be hardcoded here.
-			if (["core", "base"].includes(mod.name)) {
+			if (builtinModNames.includes(mod.name)) {
 				continue;
 			}
 			modInfos.push(this.fetchMod(mod));
@@ -636,16 +658,18 @@ export default class Host extends lib.Link {
 		} else {
 			instanceInfo = this.discoveredInstanceInfos.get(instanceId);
 			if (instanceInfo) {
+				await Instance.populate_folders(instanceInfo.path);
 				instanceInfo.config.update(config, true, "controller");

 			} else {
-				let instanceConfig = new lib.InstanceConfig("host");
+				let instanceConfig = new lib.InstanceConfig("host", Host.instanceConfigWarning);
 				instanceConfig.update(config, false, "controller");

 				let instanceDir = await this._createNewInstanceDir(instanceConfig.get("instance.name"));
+				instanceConfig.filepath = path.join(instanceDir, "instance.json");

 				logger.info(`Creating ${instanceDir}`);
-				await Instance.create(instanceDir, this.config.get("host.factorio_directory"));
+				await Instance.populate_folders(instanceDir);
 				instanceInfo = {
 					path: instanceDir,
 					config: instanceConfig,
@@ -667,6 +691,10 @@ export default class Host extends lib.Link {
 				instanceId,
 				instanceConnection ? instanceConnection.instance.status : "stopped",
 				instanceConnection ? instanceConnection.instance.server.gamePort : this.gamePort(instanceId),
+				instanceConnection
+					? instanceConnection.instance.server.version
+					// TODO: factorio.version is not validated
+					: instanceInfo.config.get("factorio.version") as lib.TargetVersion,
 			)
 		);

@@ -674,18 +702,7 @@ export default class Host extends lib.Link {
 		await this.sendSaveListUpdate(instanceId, path.join(instanceInfo.path, "saves"));

 		// save a copy of the instance config
-		await this.saveInstanceConfig(instanceInfo);
-	}
-
-	async saveInstanceConfig(instanceInfo: { path: string, config: lib.InstanceConfig }) {
-		let warnedOutput = {
-			_warning: "Changes to this file will be overwritten by the controller's copy.",
-			...instanceInfo.config.toJSON(),
-		};
-		await lib.safeOutputFile(
-			path.join(instanceInfo.path, "instance.json"),
-			JSON.stringify(warnedOutput, null, "\t")
-		);
+		await instanceInfo.config.save();
 	}

 	async handleInstanceUnassignInternalRequest(request: lib.InstanceUnassignInternalRequest) {
@@ -736,7 +753,7 @@ export default class Host extends lib.Link {
 	}

 	assignGamePort(instanceId: number) {
-		const availablePorts = lib.parseRanges(this.config.get("host.factorio_port_range"), 1, 2**16 - 1);
+		const availablePorts = lib.parseRanges(this.config.get("host.factorio_port_range"), 1, 2 ** 16 - 1);
 		for (const [id, instance] of this.instanceInfos) {
 			if (id === instanceId) {
 				continue;
@@ -789,7 +806,48 @@ export default class Host extends lib.Link {
 	}

 	async handleSystemInfoRequest() {
-		return lib.gatherSystemInfo(this.config.get("host.id"), this.canRestart);
+		const restartRequired = await this.checkRestartRequired();
+		return lib.gatherSystemInfo(this.config.get("host.id"), this.canRestart, restartRequired);
+	}
+
+	async checkRestartRequired() {
+		if (this.config.restartRequired) {
+			return true;
+		}
+
+		let packageName = "@clusterio/host";
+		try {
+			// First check the clusterio version
+			const runningVersion = this.config.get("host.version");
+			const packageJsonPath = require.resolve("@clusterio/host/package.json");
+			const packageJson = await fs.readJSON(packageJsonPath);
+			if (runningVersion !== packageJson.version) {
+				this.config.restartRequired = true;
+				return true;
+			}
+
+			// Second check plugin versions
+			for (const pluginInfo of this.pluginInfos) {
+				if (
+					!pluginInfo.hostEntrypoint && !pluginInfo.instanceEntrypoint
+					|| !this.config.get(`${pluginInfo.name}.load_plugin`)
+				) {
+					continue;
+				}
+
+				packageName = pluginInfo.npmPackage ?? pluginInfo.name;
+				const pluginPackageJsonPath = require.resolve(path.posix.join(pluginInfo.requirePath, "package.json"));
+				const pluginPackageJson = await fs.readJSON(pluginPackageJsonPath);
+				if (pluginInfo.version !== pluginPackageJson.version) {
+					this.config.restartRequired = true;
+					return true;
+				}
+			}
+		} catch (err: any) {
+			logger.warn(`Failed to read package json for ${packageName}:\n${err.stack ?? err.message}`);
+		}
+
+		return false;
 	}

 	async handleHostMetricsRequest() {
@@ -1034,6 +1092,35 @@ export default class Host extends lib.Link {
 		await fs.remove(instanceInfo.path);
 	}

+	async handleHostUpdateRequest(request: lib.HostUpdateRequest) {
+		if (!this.config.get("host.allow_remote_updates")) {
+			throw new lib.RequestError("Remote updates are disabled on this machine");
+		}
+		return await lib.updatePackage("@clusterio/host");
+	}
+
+	async handlePluginUpdateRequest(request: lib.PluginUpdateRequest) {
+		if (!this.config.get("host.allow_plugin_updates")) {
+			throw new lib.RequestError("Plugin updates are disabled on this machine");
+		}
+		return await lib.handlePluginUpdate(request.pluginPackage, this.pluginInfos);
+	}
+
+	async handlePluginInstallRequest(request: lib.PluginInstallRequest) {
+		if (!this.config.get("host.allow_plugin_install")) {
+			throw new lib.RequestError("Plugin installs are disabled on this machine");
+		}
+		return await lib.handlePluginInstall(request.pluginPackage);
+	}
+
+	async handlePluginListRequest(request: lib.PluginListRequest) {
+		return this.pluginInfos.map(pluginInfo => lib.PluginDetails.fromNodeEnvInfo(
+			pluginInfo,
+			this.plugins.has(pluginInfo.name),
+			this.config.get(`${pluginInfo.name}.load_plugin`),
+		));
+	}
+
 	sendHostUpdate() {
 		this.send(
 			new lib.HostInfoUpdateEvent(
@@ -1060,6 +1147,7 @@ export default class Host extends lib.Link {
 				instanceInfo.config.toRemote("controller"),
 				instanceConnection ? instanceConnection.instance.status : "stopped",
 				instanceConnection ? instanceConnection.instance.server.gamePort : this.gamePort(instanceId),
+				instanceConnection ? instanceConnection.instance.server.version : undefined,
 			));
 		}
 		await this.send(new lib.InstancesUpdateRequest(list));
@@ -1070,6 +1158,10 @@ export default class Host extends lib.Link {

 			for (let [instanceId, instanceInfo] of this.instanceInfos) {
 				if (instanceInfo.config.get("instance.auto_start")) {
+					if (this.recoveryMode) {
+						logger.warn(`Recovery | skipping auto startup for ${instanceInfo.config.get("instance.name")}`);
+						continue;
+					}
 					try {
 						let instanceConnection = await this._connectInstance(instanceId);
 						await instanceConnection.instance.handleInstanceStartRequest(new lib.InstanceStartRequest());
@@ -1121,11 +1213,11 @@ export default class Host extends lib.Link {
 		}

 		logger.info("Saving config");
-		await lib.safeOutputFile(this.configPath, JSON.stringify(this.config, null, "\t"));
-		for (const instanceInfo of this.instanceInfos.values()) {
-			// Save in case host_assigned_game_port changed in the config.
-			await this.saveInstanceConfig(instanceInfo);
-		}
+		await this.config.save();
+		// Save host side in case host_assigned_game_port changed in the config.
+		await Promise.all(
+			[...this.instanceInfos.values()].map(instanceInfo => instanceInfo.config.save())
+		);

 		try {
 			// Clear silly interval in pidfile library.
@@ -1139,7 +1231,7 @@ export default class Host extends lib.Link {
 +------------------------------------------------------------+
 ${err.stack}`
 			);
-			// eslint-disable-next-line node/no-process-exit
+
 			process.exit(1);
 		}
 	}
@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@ import pidusage from "pidusage";
 import phin from "phin";
 import util from "util";
 import type { Static } from "@sinclair/typebox";
+import { exec } from "child_process";
+const execAsync = util.promisify(exec);

 // internal libraries
 import * as lib from "@clusterio/lib";
@@ -14,6 +16,12 @@ import { exportData } from "./export";
 import type Host from "./Host";
 import BaseInstancePlugin from "./BaseInstancePlugin";

+const scriptCommands = [
+	"/cheat", "/editor",
+	"/command", "/c",
+	"/measured-command", "/mc",
+	"/silent-command", "/sc",
+];

 const instanceRconCommandDuration = new lib.Histogram(
 	"clusterio_instance_rcon_command_duration_seconds",
@@ -91,6 +99,38 @@ const serverSettingsActions = {
 	},
 };

+/**
+ * Get process stats for a Windows process
+ * Due to wmic being removed in later versions of Windows, pidusage does not work
+ * until this PR is merged: https://github.com/soyuka/pidusage/pull/143
+ * @param pid - Process ID
+ * @param logger - Logger instance
+ * @returns Process stats
+ */
+async function getWindowsProcessStats(pid: number, logger: lib.Logger) {
+	try {
+		const { stdout } = await execAsync(
+			`powershell "Get-Process -Id ${pid} | Select-Object TotalProcessorTime,WorkingSet | ConvertTo-Json"`
+		);
+		const stats = JSON.parse(stdout);
+		// Convert ticks (100-nanosecond intervals) to milliseconds
+		const totalTimeMs = stats.TotalProcessorTime.Ticks / 10000;
+		return {
+			ctime: totalTimeMs,
+			memory: stats.WorkingSet,
+		};
+	} catch (err) {
+		logger.warn("Failed to get process stats:", err);
+		return { ctime: 0, memory: 0 };
+	}
+}
+
+async function getProcessStats(pid: number, logger: lib.Logger) {
+	if (process.platform === "win32") {
+		return getWindowsProcessStats(pid, logger);
+	}
+	return pidusage(pid);
+}

 /**
 * Keeps track of the runtime parameters of an instance
@@ -127,7 +167,7 @@ export default class Instance extends lib.Link {
 	_playerCheckInterval: ReturnType<typeof setInterval> | undefined;
 	_hadPlayersOnline = false;
 	_playerAutosaveSlot = 1;
-
+	_expectedUserUpdates: { action: string, name: string, reason: string }[] = [];

 	constructor(
 		host: Host,
@@ -153,7 +193,9 @@ export default class Instance extends lib.Link {
 		this._configFieldChanged = (field: string, curr: unknown, prev: unknown) => {
 			let hook = () => lib.invokeHook(this.plugins, "onInstanceConfigFieldChanged", field, curr, prev);

-			if (field === "factorio.settings") {
+			if (field === "factorio.shutdown_timeout") {
+				this.server.shutdownTimeoutMs = curr as number * 1000;
+			} else if (field === "factorio.settings") {
 				this.updateFactorioSettings(curr as any, prev as any).finally(hook);
 			} else if (field === "factorio.enable_whitelist") {
 				this.updateFactorioWhitelist(curr as any).finally(hook);
@@ -168,15 +210,19 @@ export default class Instance extends lib.Link {

 		let serverOptions = {
 			logger: this.logger,
-			version: this.config.get("factorio.version"),
+			// TODO: factorio.version is not validated
+			version: this.config.get("factorio.version") as lib.TargetVersion,
+			executablePath: this.config.get("factorio.executable_path") ?? undefined,
 			gamePort: this.config.get("factorio.game_port") ?? host.assignGamePort(this.id),
 			rconPort: this.config.get("factorio.rcon_port") ?? undefined,
 			rconPassword: this.config.get("factorio.rcon_password") ?? undefined,
 			enableWhitelist: this.config.get("factorio.enable_whitelist"),
 			enableAuthserverBans: this.config.get("factorio.enable_authserver_bans"),
 			verboseLogging: this.config.get("factorio.verbose_logging"),
+			consoleLogging: this.config.get("factorio.console_logging"),
 			stripPaths: this.config.get("factorio.strip_paths"),
 			maxConcurrentCommands: this.config.get("factorio.max_concurrent_commands"),
+			shutdownTimeoutMs: this.config.get("factorio.shutdown_timeout") * 1000,
 		};

 		this.server = new FactorioServer(
@@ -214,6 +260,19 @@ export default class Instance extends lib.Link {
 				this._recordPlayerJoin(event.name);
 			} else if (event.type === "leave") {
 				this._recordPlayerLeave(event.name, event.reason);
+			} else if (["BAN", "UNBANNED", "PROMOTE", "DEMOTE"].includes(event.type)) {
+				this._recordUserUpdate(event.type, event.name, event.reason);
+			} else {
+				this.logger.warn(`Unknown type from player event ipc: ${event.type}`);
+			}
+		});
+
+		this.server.on("whitelist-change", (added: string[], removed: string[]) => {
+			for (const player of added) {
+				this._recordUserUpdate("WHITELISTED", player);
+			}
+			for (const player of removed) {
+				this._recordUserUpdate("UNWHITELISTED", player);
 			}
 		});

@@ -231,18 +290,21 @@ export default class Instance extends lib.Link {
 		this.handle(lib.InstanceSaveDetailsListRequest, this.handleInstanceSaveDetailsListRequest.bind(this));
 		this.handle(lib.InstanceCreateSaveRequest, this.handleInstanceCreateSaveRequest.bind(this));
 		this.handle(lib.InstanceExportDataRequest, this.handleInstanceExportDataRequest.bind(this));
+		this.handle(lib.InstanceRestartRequest, this.handleInstanceRestartRequest.bind(this));
 		this.handle(lib.InstanceStopRequest, this.handleInstanceStopRequest.bind(this));
 		this.handle(lib.InstanceKillRequest, this.handleInstanceKillRequest.bind(this));
 		this.handle(lib.InstanceSendRconRequest, this.handleInstanceSendRconRequest.bind(this));
 	}

-	_watchPlayerJoinsByChat() {
+	_watchServerLogActions() {
 		this.server.on("output", (parsed: lib.ParsedFactorioOutput, line: string) => {
 			if (parsed.type !== "action") {
 				return;
 			}

 			let name = /^([^ ]+)/.exec(parsed.message)![1];
+
+			// Detect player leave and join
 			if (parsed.action === "JOIN") {
 				this._recordPlayerJoin(name);
 			} else if (["LEAVE", "KICK", "BAN"].includes(parsed.action)) {
@@ -253,6 +315,14 @@ export default class Instance extends lib.Link {
 				}[parsed.action]!;
 				this._recordPlayerLeave(name, reason);
 			}
+
+			// Detect banned and admin state change, whitelist changes are not logged
+			if (parsed.action === "BAN") {
+				const reason = /\. Reason: (.+)\.$/.exec(parsed.message)![1];
+				this._recordUserUpdate(parsed.action, name, reason !== "unspecified" ? reason : "");
+			} else if (["UNBANNED", "PROMOTE", "DEMOTE"].includes(parsed.action)) {
+				this._recordUserUpdate(parsed.action as "UNBANNED" | "PROMOTE" | "DEMOTE", name);
+			}
 		});

 		// Leave log entries are unreliable and sometimes don't show up.
@@ -263,6 +333,22 @@ export default class Instance extends lib.Link {
 		}, 60e3);
 	}

+	// Needed to cover promote/demote when player is not on map, not required when _watchServerLogActions is used
+	_watchPlayerPromote() {
+		this.server.on("output", (parsed: lib.ParsedFactorioOutput, line: string) => {
+			if (
+				parsed.type !== "action"
+				|| !["PROMOTE", "DEMOTE"].includes(parsed.action)
+				|| !parsed.message.includes("be promoted upon joining the game.")
+			) {
+				return;
+			}
+
+			const name = /^([^ ]+)/.exec(parsed.message)![1];
+			this._recordUserUpdate(parsed.action as "PROMOTE" | "DEMOTE", name);
+		});
+	}
+
 	async _checkOnlinePlayers() {
 		if (this.playersOnline.size) {
 			let actualPlayers = (await this.sendRcon("/players online"))
@@ -342,7 +428,11 @@ local players = {}
 for _, p in pairs(game.players) do
 	players[p.name] = p.online_time
 end
-rcon.print(game.table_to_json(players))`.replace(/\r?\n/g, " ");
+if helpers ~= nil then
+	rcon.print(helpers.table_to_json(players))
+else
+	rcon.print(game.table_to_json(players))
+end`.replace(/\r?\n/g, " ");
 		let playerTimes: Record<string, number> = JSON.parse(await this.sendRcon(exportPlayerTimes));
 		let count = 0;

@@ -367,6 +457,17 @@ rcon.print(game.table_to_json(players))`.replace(/\r?\n/g, " ");
 	}

 	async sendRcon(message: string, expectEmpty = false, plugin = "") {
+		const trimmedMessage = message.trim();
+		if (
+			!this.config.get("factorio.enable_script_commands")
+			&& scriptCommands.find(cmd => trimmedMessage.startsWith(cmd))
+		) {
+			throw new Error(
+				"Attempted to use script command while disabled. See config factorio.enable_script_commands.\n" +
+				`Command: ${message}`
+			);
+		}
+
 		let instanceId = String(this.id);
 		let observeDuration = instanceRconCommandDuration.labels(instanceId).startTimer();
 		try {
@@ -453,6 +554,8 @@ rcon.print(game.table_to_json(players))`.replace(/\r?\n/g, " ");
 				this.id,
 				status,
 				this.server.gamePort,
+				// TODO: factorio.version is not validated
+				status === "running" ? this.server.version : this.config.get("factorio.version") as lib.TargetVersion,
 			),
 		);
 	}
@@ -469,6 +572,7 @@ rcon.print(game.table_to_json(players))`.replace(/\r?\n/g, " ");
 	notifyExit() {
 		this._loadedSave = null;
 		this.notifyStatus("stopped");
+		this.connector.emit("close");

 		this.config.off("fieldChanged", this._configFieldChanged);
 		clearTimeout(this._playerCheckInterval);
@@ -549,11 +653,16 @@ rcon.print(game.table_to_json(players))`.replace(/\r?\n/g, " ");
 			if (
 				!pluginInfo.instanceEntrypoint
 				|| !this._host.serverPlugins.has(pluginInfo.name)
-				|| !this.config.get(`${pluginInfo.name}.load_plugin` as keyof lib.InstanceConfigFields)
+				|| !this.config.get(`${pluginInfo.name}.load_plugin`)
 			) {
 				continue;
 			}

+			if (this._host.recoveryMode) {
+				this.logger.warn(`Recovery | force disabled plugin ${pluginInfo.name}`);
+				continue;
+			}
+
 			try {
 				await this._loadPlugin(pluginInfo, this._host);
 			} catch (err) {
@@ -577,11 +686,32 @@ rcon.print(game.table_to_json(players))`.replace(/\r?\n/g, " ");
 	 * entries from the given settings object.
 	 *
 	 * @param overrides - Server settings to override.
+	 * @param includeCredentials - Include Factorio username and token from host/controller config.
 	 * @returns
 	 *     server example settings with the given settings applied over it.
 	 */
-	async resolveServerSettings(overrides: Record<string, unknown>) {
+	async resolveServerSettings(overrides: Record<string, unknown>, includeCredentials: boolean) {
 		let serverSettings = await this.server.exampleSettings();
+		if (includeCredentials && overrides.username === undefined && overrides.token === undefined) {
+			let credentials = {
+				username: this._host.config.get("host.factorio_username") ?? undefined,
+				token: this._host.config.get("host.factorio_token") ?? undefined,
+			};
+			if (!credentials.username && !credentials.token) {
+				Object.assign(credentials, await this.sendTo("controller", new lib.GetFactorioCredentialsRequest()));
+				if (credentials.username || credentials.token) {
+					this.logger.info("Using Factorio credentials from controller config");
+				} else {
+					this.logger.warn("No Factorio credentials found");
+				}
+			} else {
+				this.logger.info("Using Factorio credentials from host config");
+			}
+			if (credentials.username) { serverSettings.username = credentials.username; }
+			if (credentials.token) { serverSettings.token = credentials.token; }
+		} else if (includeCredentials) {
+			this.logger.info("Using Factorio credentials from instance config");
+		}

 		for (let [key, value] of Object.entries(overrides)) {
 			if (!Object.hasOwnProperty.call(serverSettings, key)) {
@@ -599,12 +729,14 @@ rcon.print(game.table_to_json(players))`.replace(/\r?\n/g, " ");
 	 * Generate the server-settings.json file from the example file in the
 	 * data directory and override any settings configured in the instance's
 	 * factorio_settings config entry.
+	 *
+	 * @param includeCredentials - Include Factorio username and token from host/controller config.
 	 */
-	async writeServerSettings() {
+	async writeServerSettings(includeCredentials: boolean) {
 		const warning = "Changes to this file will be overwitten by the factorio.settings config on the instance.";
 		const serverSettings = {
 			"_comment_warning": warning,
-			...await this.resolveServerSettings(this.config.get("factorio.settings")),
+			...await this.resolveServerSettings(this.config.get("factorio.settings"), includeCredentials),
 		};
 		await lib.safeOutputFile(
 			this.server.writePath("server-settings.json"),
@@ -615,14 +747,12 @@ rcon.print(game.table_to_json(players))`.replace(/\r?\n/g, " ");
 	/**
 	 * Creates a new empty instance directory
 	 *
-	 * Creates the neccessary files for starting up a new instance into the
-	 * provided instance directory.
+	 * Ensures the neccessary files for starting up a new instance into the
+	 * provided instance directory are present.
 	 *
 	 * @param instanceDir -
-	 *     Directory to create the new instance into.
-	 * @param factorioDir - Path to factorio installation.
 	 */
-	static async create(instanceDir: string, factorioDir: string) {
+	static async populate_folders(instanceDir: string) {
 		await fs.ensureDir(path.join(instanceDir, "script-output"));
 		await fs.ensureDir(path.join(instanceDir, "saves"));
 	}
@@ -708,9 +838,10 @@ rcon.print(game.table_to_json(players))`.replace(/\r?\n/g, " ");
 	 */
 	async prepare() {
 		this.logger.verbose("Writing server-settings.json");
-		await this.writeServerSettings();
+		await this.writeServerSettings(true);
+		this._expectedUserUpdates = [];

-		if (this.config.get("factorio.sync_adminlist")) {
+		if (this.config.get("factorio.sync_adminlist") !== "disabled") {
 			this.logger.verbose("Writing server-adminlist.json");
 			lib.safeOutputFile(
 				this.server.writePath("server-adminlist.json"),
@@ -718,7 +849,7 @@ rcon.print(game.table_to_json(players))`.replace(/\r?\n/g, " ");
 			);
 		}

-		if (this.config.get("factorio.sync_banlist")) {
+		if (this.config.get("factorio.sync_banlist") !== "disabled") {
 			this.logger.verbose("Writing server-banlist.json");
 			lib.safeOutputFile(
 				this.server.writePath("server-banlist.json"),
@@ -728,7 +859,7 @@ rcon.print(game.table_to_json(players))`.replace(/\r?\n/g, " ");
 			);
 		}

-		if (this.config.get("factorio.sync_whitelist")) {
+		if (this.config.get("factorio.sync_whitelist") !== "disabled") {
 			this.logger.verbose("Writing server-whitelist.json");
 			lib.safeOutputFile(
 				this.server.writePath("server-whitelist.json"),
@@ -831,11 +962,17 @@ rcon.print(game.table_to_json(players))`.replace(/\r?\n/g, " ");
 		this._loadedSave = saveName;
 		await this.server.start(saveName);

-		if (this.config.get("factorio.enable_save_patching")) {
+		if (this.config.get("factorio.enable_script_commands")) {
 			await this.server.disableAchievements();
-			await this.updateInstanceData();
+		}
+
+		if (this.config.get("factorio.enable_save_patching")) {
+			this._watchPlayerPromote();
+			if (this.config.get("factorio.enable_script_commands")) {
+				await this.updateInstanceData();
+			}
 		} else {
-			this._watchPlayerJoinsByChat();
+			this._watchServerLogActions();
 		}

 		await this.sendSaveListUpdate();
@@ -862,7 +999,7 @@ rcon.print(game.table_to_json(players))`.replace(/\r?\n/g, " ");

 		this.server.on("exit", () => this.notifyExit());
 		await this.server.startScenario(scenario, seed, mapGenSettings, mapSettings);
-		this._watchPlayerJoinsByChat();
+		this._watchServerLogActions();

 		await lib.invokeHook(this.plugins, "onStart");

@@ -878,8 +1015,8 @@ rcon.print(game.table_to_json(players))`.replace(/\r?\n/g, " ");
 	}

 	async updateFactorioSettings(current: Record<string, unknown>, previous: Record<string, unknown>) {
-		current = await this.resolveServerSettings(current);
-		previous = await this.resolveServerSettings(previous);
+		current = await this.resolveServerSettings(current, false);
+		previous = await this.resolveServerSettings(previous, false);

 		for (let [key, action] of Object.entries(serverSettingsActions)) {
 			if (current[key] !== undefined && !util.isDeepStrictEqual(current[key], previous[key])) {
@@ -899,7 +1036,7 @@ rcon.print(game.table_to_json(players))`.replace(/\r?\n/g, " ");
 			await this.sendRcon("/whitelist disable");
 		}

-		if (this.config.get("factorio.sync_whitelist")) {
+		if (this.config.get("factorio.sync_whitelist") !== "disabled") {
 			await this.sendRcon("/whitelist clear");
 			for (let player of this._host.whitelist) {
 				await this.sendRcon(`/whitelist ${player}`);
@@ -911,33 +1048,81 @@ rcon.print(game.table_to_json(players))`.replace(/\r?\n/g, " ");
 		}
 	}

+	_recordUserUpdate(
+		action: "BAN" | "UNBANNED" | "PROMOTE" | "DEMOTE" | "WHITELISTED" | "UNWHITELISTED",
+		name: string,
+		reason: string = ""
+	) {
+		const addr = lib.Address.fromShorthand("allInstances");
+		const expectedIndex = this._expectedUserUpdates.findIndex(
+			expected => expected.name === name && expected.action === action && expected.reason === reason
+		);
+		if (expectedIndex >= 0) {
+			this._expectedUserUpdates.splice(expectedIndex, 1);
+		} else if (action === "BAN") {
+			if (this.config.get("factorio.sync_banlist") !== "bidirectional") { return; }
+			this.sendTo(addr, new lib.InstanceBanlistUpdateEvent(name, true, reason ?? ""));
+		} else if (action === "UNBANNED") {
+			if (this.config.get("factorio.sync_banlist") !== "bidirectional") { return; }
+			this.sendTo(addr, new lib.InstanceBanlistUpdateEvent(name, false, ""));
+		} else if (action === "PROMOTE") {
+			if (this.config.get("factorio.sync_adminlist") !== "bidirectional") { return; }
+			this.sendTo(addr, new lib.InstanceAdminlistUpdateEvent(name, true));
+		} else if (action === "DEMOTE") {
+			if (this.config.get("factorio.sync_adminlist") !== "bidirectional") { return; }
+			this.sendTo(addr, new lib.InstanceAdminlistUpdateEvent(name, false));
+		} else if (action === "WHITELISTED") {
+			if (this.config.get("factorio.sync_whitelist") !== "bidirectional") { return; }
+			this.sendTo(addr, new lib.InstanceWhitelistUpdateEvent(name, true));
+		} else if (action === "UNWHITELISTED") {
+			if (this.config.get("factorio.sync_whitelist") !== "bidirectional") { return; }
+			this.sendTo(addr, new lib.InstanceWhitelistUpdateEvent(name, false));
+		} else {
+			throw new Error(`Unexpected Action: ${action} for ${name}`);
+		}
+	}
+
 	async handleInstanceAdminlistUpdateEvent(request: lib.InstanceAdminlistUpdateEvent) {
-		if (!this.config.get("factorio.sync_adminlist")) {
+		const { name, admin } = request;
+		const sync = this.config.get("factorio.sync_adminlist");
+		if (sync === "disabled") {
 			return;
+		} else if (sync === "bidirectional") {
+			this._expectedUserUpdates.push({action: admin ? "PROMOTE" : "DEMOTE", name: name, reason: "" });
 		}

-		let { name, admin } = request;
 		let command = admin ? `/promote ${name}` : `/demote ${name}`;
 		await this.sendRcon(command);
 	}

 	async handleInstanceBanlistUpdateEvent(request: lib.InstanceBanlistUpdateEvent) {
-		if (!this.config.get("factorio.sync_banlist")) {
+		const { name, banned, reason } = request;
+		const sync = this.config.get("factorio.sync_banlist");
+		if (sync === "disabled") {
 			return;
+		} else if (sync === "bidirectional") {
+			this._expectedUserUpdates.push({action: banned ? "BAN" : "UNBANNED", name: name, reason: reason});
 		}

-		let { name, banned, reason } = request;
 		let command = banned ? `/ban ${name} ${reason}` : `/unban ${name}`;
 		await this.sendRcon(command);
 	}

 	async handleInstanceWhitelistUpdateEvent(request: lib.InstanceWhitelistUpdateEvent) {
-		if (!this.config.get("factorio.sync_whitelist")) {
+		const { name, whitelisted } = request;
+		const sync = this.config.get("factorio.sync_whitelist");
+		if (this.config.get("factorio.sync_whitelist") === "disabled") {
 			return;
+		} else if (sync === "bidirectional") {
+			// Factorio does not contain log events for whitelist so these values currently have no special meaning
+			this._expectedUserUpdates.push({
+				action: whitelisted ? "WHITELISTED" : "UNWHITELISTED",
+				name: name,
+				reason: "",
+			});
 		}

-		let { name, whitelisted } = request;
-		let command = whitelisted ? `/whitelist add ${name}` : `/whiteliste remove ${name}`;
+		let command = whitelisted ? `/whitelist add ${name}` : `/whitelist remove ${name}`;
 		await this.sendRcon(command);
 	}

@@ -991,9 +1176,13 @@ rcon.print(game.table_to_json(players))`.replace(/\r?\n/g, " ");

 		let pid = this.server.pid;
 		if (pid) {
-			let stats = await pidusage(pid);
-			instanceFactorioCpuTime.labels(String(this.id)).set(stats.ctime / 1000);
-			instanceFactorioMemoryUsage.labels(String(this.id)).set(stats.memory);
+			try {
+				let stats = await getProcessStats(pid, this.logger);
+				instanceFactorioCpuTime.labels(String(this.id)).set(stats.ctime / 1000);
+				instanceFactorioMemoryUsage.labels(String(this.id)).set(stats.memory);
+			} catch (err) {
+				this.logger.warn("Failed to get process stats:", err);
+			}
 		}

 		return new lib.InstanceMetricsRequest.Response(results);
@@ -1002,21 +1191,26 @@ rcon.print(game.table_to_json(players))`.replace(/\r?\n/g, " ");
 	async handleInstanceStartRequest(request: lib.InstanceStartRequest) {
 		let saveName = request.save;
 		try {
-			await this.prepare();
-			saveName = await this.prepareSave(saveName);
-		} catch (err: any) {
-			this.logger.error(`Error preparing instance: ${err.message}`);
-			this.notifyExit();
-			await this.sendSaveListUpdate();
-			throw err;
-		}
+			try {
+				await this.prepare();
+				saveName = await this.prepareSave(saveName);
+			} catch (err: any) {
+				this.logger.error(`Error preparing instance: ${err.message}`);
+				this.notifyExit();
+				await this.sendSaveListUpdate();
+				throw err;
+			}

-		try {
-			await this.start(saveName);
-		} catch (err: any) {
-			this.logger.error(`Error starting ${saveName}: ${err.message}`);
-			await this.stop();
-			throw err;
+			try {
+				await this.start(saveName);
+			} catch (err: any) {
+				this.logger.error(`Error starting ${saveName}: ${err.message}`);
+				await this.stop();
+				throw err;
+			}
+		} finally {
+			this.logger.verbose("Wiping credentials from server-settings.json");
+			await this.writeServerSettings(false);
 		}
 	}

@@ -1027,21 +1221,26 @@ rcon.print(game.table_to_json(players))`.replace(/\r?\n/g, " ");
 		}

 		try {
-			await this.prepare();
-		} catch (err: any) {
-			this.logger.error(`Error preparing instance: ${err.message}`);
-			this.notifyExit();
-			await this.sendSaveListUpdate();
-			throw err;
-		}
+			try {
+				await this.prepare();
+			} catch (err: any) {
+				this.logger.error(`Error preparing instance: ${err.message}`);
+				this.notifyExit();
+				await this.sendSaveListUpdate();
+				throw err;
+			}

-		let { scenario, seed, mapGenSettings, mapSettings } = request;
-		try {
-			await this.startScenario(scenario, seed, mapGenSettings, mapSettings);
-		} catch (err: any) {
-			this.logger.error(`Error starting scenario ${scenario}: ${err.message}`);
-			await this.stop();
-			throw err;
+			let { scenario, seed, mapGenSettings, mapSettings } = request;
+			try {
+				await this.startScenario(scenario, seed, mapGenSettings, mapSettings);
+			} catch (err: any) {
+				this.logger.error(`Error starting scenario ${scenario}: ${err.message}`);
+				await this.stop();
+				throw err;
+			}
+		} finally {
+			this.logger.verbose("Wiping credentials from server-settings.json");
+			await this.writeServerSettings(false);
 		}
 	}

@@ -1053,7 +1252,7 @@ rcon.print(game.table_to_json(players))`.replace(/\r?\n/g, " ");
 		this.notifyStatus("creating_save");
 		try {
 			this.logger.verbose("Writing server-settings.json");
-			await this.writeServerSettings();
+			await this.writeServerSettings(false);
 			await this.syncMods();

 		} catch (err: any) {
@@ -1081,7 +1280,7 @@ rcon.print(game.table_to_json(players))`.replace(/\r?\n/g, " ");
 		this.notifyStatus("exporting_data");
 		try {
 			this.logger.verbose("Writing server-settings.json");
-			await this.writeServerSettings();
+			await this.writeServerSettings(false);

 			this.logger.info("Exporting data .....");
 			await this.syncMods();
@@ -1109,6 +1308,14 @@ rcon.print(game.table_to_json(players))`.replace(/\r?\n/g, " ");
 		}
 	}

+	async handleInstanceRestartRequest(request: lib.InstanceRestartRequest) {
+		await this.stop();
+		// Stopping invalidates this instance object, a new one must be created by the host
+		// To do this we simulate a waking an instance and sending a start request
+		const instanceConnection = await this._host._connectInstance(this.id);
+		await instanceConnection.instance.handleInstanceStartRequest(new lib.InstanceStartRequest(request.save));
+	}
+
 	async handleInstanceStopRequest() {
 		await this.stop();
 	}
@@ -15,12 +15,12 @@ interface Prototype {
 }
 interface SimpleIconSpecification {
 	icon: string;
-	icon_size: number;
+	icon_size?: number;
 	icon_mipmaps?: number;
 }
 interface IconLayer {
 	icon: string;
-	icon_size: number;
+	icon_size?: number;
 	tint?: lib.FactorioColor,
 	shift?: [number, number],
 	scale?: number,
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ interface IconLayer {
 }
 interface LayeredIconSpecification {
 	icons: IconLayer[];
-	icon_size: number;
+	icon_size?: number;
 	icon_mipmaps?: number;
 }
 type IconSpecification = LayeredIconSpecification | SimpleIconSpecification;
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ async function generateExportMod(server: FactorioServer) {
 		sourceDir: path.join(__dirname, "..", "..", "..", "lua", "export"),
 		outputDir: server.writePath("mods"),
 		bumpPatch: false,
-		factorioVersion: server.version.replace(/\.\d+$/, ""),
+		factorioVersion: server.version?.replace(/\.\d+$/, ""),
 		dependencies,
 	});
 }
@@ -103,7 +103,8 @@ async function loadFile(server: FactorioServer, modVersions: Map<string, string>

 	let [, mod, filePath] = match;

-	if (["core", "base"].includes(mod)) {
+	const builtinModNames = ["core", ...lib.ModPack.getBuiltinModNames(server.version!)];
+	if (builtinModNames.includes(mod)) {
 		try {
 			return await fs.readFile(server.dataPath(mod, filePath));
 		} catch (err: any) {
@@ -164,9 +165,9 @@ async function loadSimpleIcon(
 	size: number,
 	iconCache: IconCache,
 ) {
-	let icon = await loadIcon(server, modVersions, item.icon, item.icon_size, 0, iconCache);
+	let icon = await loadIcon(server, modVersions, item.icon, item.icon_size ?? 64, 0, iconCache);
 	if (icon) {
-		let iconScale = size / item.icon_size;
+		let iconScale = size / (item.icon_size ?? 64);
 		if (iconScale !== 1) {
 			icon = icon.clone();
 			icon.scale(iconScale);
@@ -182,7 +183,7 @@ async function loadLayeredIcon(
 	size: number,
 	iconCache: IconCache,
 ) {
-	let baseLayerSize = item.icons[0].icon_size || item.icon_size;
+	let baseLayerSize = (item.icons[0].icon_size || item.icon_size) ?? 64;
 	let icon = await Jimp.create(size, size);

 	// The scaling factor of the base layer
@@ -192,7 +193,7 @@ async function loadLayeredIcon(
 	let baseUnit = size / (baseLayerSize * baseLayerScale);

 	for (let layer of item.icons) {
-		let layerSize = layer.icon_size || item.icon_size;
+		let layerSize = (layer.icon_size || item.icon_size) ?? 64;
 		let iconLayer = await loadIcon(server, modVersions, layer.icon, layerSize, layer.icon_mipmaps || 0, iconCache);

 		if (!iconLayer) {
@@ -220,7 +221,7 @@ async function loadLayeredIcon(
 			iconLayer.scale(realScale);
 		}

-		// eslint-disable-next-line no-loop-func
+
 		iconLayer.scan(0, 0, iconLayer.bitmap.width, iconLayer.bitmap.height, (x, y, sidx) => {
 			x += xs;
 			y += ys;
@@ -396,11 +397,18 @@ async function exportLocale(
 		}
 	}

-	let baseLocaleFilePath = server.dataPath("base", "locale", languageCode, "base.cfg");
-	mergeLocale(lib.parse(await fs.readFile(baseLocaleFilePath, "utf8")));
+	const builtinModNames = [
+		// Filter if on builtin mods so "core" does not need to be specified in modOrder
+		"core", ...lib.ModPack.getBuiltinModNames(server.version!).filter(mod => modOrder.includes(mod)),
+	];
+	for (const builtinModName of builtinModNames) {
+		const localeFilePath = server.dataPath(builtinModName, "locale", languageCode, `${builtinModName}.cfg`);
+		mergeLocale(lib.parse(await fs.readFile(localeFilePath, "utf8")));
+	}

+	const builtinModNamesExport = ["export", ...builtinModNames];
 	for (let mod of modOrder) {
-		if (["core", "base", "export"].includes(mod)) {
+		if (builtinModNamesExport.includes(mod)) {
 			continue;
 		}

@@ -202,12 +202,6 @@ export class PatchInfo {
 	}
 }

-
-const knownScenarios: Record<string, lib.ModuleInfo> = {
-	// First seen in 0.17.63
-	"4e866186ebe297f1038fd325b09df1a1f5e2fdd1": new lib.ModuleInfo("freeplay", "0.17.63", ["freeplay", "silo-script"]),
-};
-
 /**
 * Generates control.lua code for loading the Clusterio modules
 *
@@ -349,6 +343,15 @@ function reorderDependencies(modules: SaveModule[]) {
 	}
 }

+const knownScenarios: Record<string, lib.ModuleInfo> = {
+	// First seen in 0.17.63
+	"4e866186ebe297f1038fd325b09df1a1f5e2fdd1": new lib.ModuleInfo("freeplay", "0.17.63", [], ["scenario"]),
+	// First seen in 2.0
+	"bcbdde18ce4ec16ebfd93bd694cd9b12ef969c9a": new lib.ModuleInfo("freeplay", "2.0.0", [], ["scenario"]),
+	// First seen in 2.0.29
+	"3af547d2f4db3728b75ac5d1b3a4f47830dc48e7": new lib.ModuleInfo("freeplay", "2.0.29", [], ["scenario"]),
+};
+
 /**
 * Patch a save with the given modules
 *
@@ -387,6 +390,7 @@ export async function patch(savePath: string, modules: SaveModule[]) {

 		if (controlHash in knownScenarios) {
 			patchInfo = new PatchInfo(0, knownScenarios[controlHash], []);
+			root.file("scenario.lua", controlFile.nodeStream("nodebuffer"));
 		} else {
 			throw new Error(`Unable to patch save, unknown scenario (${controlHash})`);
 		}
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ function versionOrder(a: string, b: string) {
 * @returns Array with path to data dir and version found.
 * @internal
 */
-async function findVersion(factorioDir: string, targetVersion: string) {
+async function findVersion(factorioDir: string, targetVersion: lib.TargetVersion): Promise<[string, lib.FullVersion]> {

 	// There are two supported setups: having the factorio dir be the actual
 	// install directory, and having the factorio dir be a folder containing
@@ -87,8 +87,10 @@ async function findVersion(factorioDir: string, targetVersion: string) {

 	let simpleVersion = await getVersion(path.join(factorioDir, "data", "changelog.txt"));
 	if (simpleVersion !== null) {
-		if (simpleVersion === targetVersion || targetVersion === "latest") {
-			return [path.join(factorioDir, "data"), simpleVersion];
+		if (simpleVersion === targetVersion || simpleVersion.startsWith(targetVersion) || targetVersion === "latest") {
+			if (lib.isFullVersion(simpleVersion)) {
+				return [path.join(factorioDir, "data"), simpleVersion];
+			}
 		}

 		throw new Error(
@@ -96,14 +98,14 @@ async function findVersion(factorioDir: string, targetVersion: string) {
 		);
 	}

-	let versions = new Map();
+	let versions = new Map<lib.FullVersion, string>();
 	for (let entry of await fs.readdir(factorioDir, { withFileTypes: true })) {
 		if (!entry.isDirectory()) {
 			continue;
 		}

 		let version = await getVersion(path.join(factorioDir, entry.name, "data", "changelog.txt"));
-		if (version === null) {
+		if (version === null || !lib.isFullVersion(version)) {
 			continue;
 		}

@@ -118,9 +120,17 @@ async function findVersion(factorioDir: string, targetVersion: string) {
 		throw new Error(`Unable to find any Factorio install in ${factorioDir}`);
 	}

+	if (lib.isPartialVersion(targetVersion)) {
+		const sorted = [...versions.keys()].sort(versionOrder);
+		const latest = sorted.find(version => version.startsWith(targetVersion));
+		if (latest) {
+			return [path.join(factorioDir, versions.get(latest)!, "data"), latest];
+		}
+	}
+
 	if (targetVersion === "latest") {
-		let latest = [...versions.keys()].sort(versionOrder)[0];
-		return [path.join(factorioDir, versions.get(latest), "data"), latest];
+		const latest = [...versions.keys()].sort(versionOrder)[0];
+		return [path.join(factorioDir, versions.get(latest)!, "data"), latest];
 	}

 	throw new Error(`Unable to find Factorio version ${targetVersion}`);
@@ -351,20 +361,37 @@ const outputHeuristics: Heuristic[] = [
 		},
 	},

-	// Message indicating the server is shutting down
+	// Last messages before the server hangs during shutdown waiting for console input on Windows.
 	{
 		filter: {
 			type: "generic",
-			message: /^Quitting: /,
+			message: "Quitting: multiplayer error.",
 		},
 		action: function(parsed) {
-			this.emit("_quitting");
-
 			// On windows the Factorio server will wait for input on the console input buffer
-			// when an error occurs.  Since we can't send input there we terminate the server
+			// before shutting down.  Since we can't send input there we terminate the server
 			// process when this happens.
-			if (process.platform === "win32" && parsed.message === "Quitting: multiplayer error.") {
+			if (process.platform === "win32") {
 				this._server!.kill();
+				// Notify that the server is being killed after the last message
+				// is logged so that it doesn't look like it was killed unnecessarily.
+				process.nextTick(() => {
+					this._logger.info("Killing Factorio process to avoid it hanging forever.");
+				});
+			}
+		},
+	},
+	{
+		filter: {
+			type: "log",
+			message: /^updateTick\(\d+\) changing state from\(Disconnected\) to\(Closed\)$/,
+		},
+		action: function() {
+			if (process.platform === "win32") {
+				this._server!.kill();
+				process.nextTick(() => {
+					this._logger.info("Killing Factorio process to avoid it hanging forever.");
+				});
 			}
 		},
 	},
@@ -406,7 +433,9 @@ export interface FactorioServerOptions {
 	 * Version of Factorio to use.  Can also be the string "latest" to use
 	 * the latest version found in `factorioDir`.
 	 */
-	version?: string,
+	version?: lib.TargetVersion,
+	/** Path to executable to invoke when starting the server */
+	executablePath?: string;
 	/** UDP port to host game on. */
 	gamePort?: number,
 	/** TCP port to use for RCON. */
@@ -419,6 +448,8 @@ export interface FactorioServerOptions {
 	enableAuthserverBans?: boolean,
 	/** Enable verbose logging. */
 	verboseLogging?: boolean,
+	/** Enable console logging. */
+	consoleLogging?: boolean,
 	/** Strip paths in the console. */
 	stripPaths?: boolean,
 	/**
@@ -426,10 +457,39 @@ export interface FactorioServerOptions {
 	 * connection.
 	 */
 	maxConcurrentCommands?: number
-	/** Timeout in ms to wait for a response to a shutdown command. */
-	hangTimeoutMs?: number,
+	/**
+	 * Timeout in ms to wait after a shutdown is requested before killing the
+	 * process. Defaults to 0 meaning no timeout
+	 */
+	shutdownTimeoutMs?: number,
 }

+type FactorioServerEvents = {
+	// Public Events
+	"stdout": [ rawLine: Buffer ],
+	"stderr": [ rawLine: Buffer ],
+	"output": [ parsed: lib.ParsedFactorioOutput, line: string ]
+
+	"error": [ err: any ],
+	"rcon-ready": [],
+	"game-ready": [],
+	"exit": [],
+
+	"autosave-start": [ name: string ],
+	"autosave-finished": [ name: string ],
+	"save-finished": [],
+
+	"whitelist-change": [ added: string[], removed: string[] ],
+
+	// Private Events
+	"_autosave": [ name: string ]
+	"_saving": [],
+	"_saved": [],
+
+	// IPS events
+	[ipcEvent: `ipc-${string}`]: [ event: any ],
+};
+
 /**
 * Factorio Server interface
 *
@@ -449,7 +509,9 @@ export interface FactorioServerOptions {
 * - exit - invoked when the sterver has exited
 * @extends events.EventEmitter
 */
-export class FactorioServer extends events.EventEmitter {
+export class FactorioServer extends events.EventEmitter<FactorioServerEvents> {
+	/** Path to executable to invoke when starting the server */
+	executablePath?: string;
 	/** UDP port used for hosting the Factorio game server on */
 	gamePort: number;
 	/** TCP port used for RCON on the Factorio game server */
@@ -462,19 +524,25 @@ export class FactorioServer extends events.EventEmitter {
 	enableAuthserverBans: boolean;
 	/** Enable verbose logging */
 	verboseLogging: boolean;
-	/** Timeout in ms to wait for a response to a shutdown command */
-	hangTimeoutMs = 5000;
+	/** Enable console logging */
+	consoleLogging: boolean;
+	_shutdownTimeoutMs = 0;
+	_stopTimeoutId?: ReturnType<typeof setTimeout>;

 	_factorioDir: string;
 	_writeDir: string;

 	// Resolved in init
-	_version: string | null = null;
+	_version: lib.FullVersion | null = null;
 	_dataDir: string | null = null;

+	// Due to inconsistencies in the factorio api, we must manually watch the whitelist
+	// https://forums.factorio.com/viewtopic.php?t=123673
+	_whitelistWatcher: fs.FSWatcher | null = null;
+	_whitelist = new Set<string>();

 	_logger: lib.Logger;
-	_targetVersion: string;
+	_targetVersion: lib.TargetVersion;
 	_state: "new" | "init" | "create" | "running" | "stopping" = "new";
 	_server: child_process.ChildProcessWithoutNullStreams | null = null;
 	_rconClient: Rcon | null= null;
@@ -504,6 +572,7 @@ export class FactorioServer extends events.EventEmitter {

 		this._logger = options.logger || lib.logger;
 		this._targetVersion = options.version || "latest";
+		this.executablePath = options.executablePath;
 		/** UDP port used for hosting the Factorio game server on */
 		this.gamePort = options.gamePort || randomDynamicPort();
 		/** TCP port used for RCON on the Factorio game server */
@@ -516,10 +585,13 @@ export class FactorioServer extends events.EventEmitter {
 		this.enableAuthserverBans = options.enableAuthserverBans || false;
 		/** Enable verbose logging */
 		this.verboseLogging = options.verboseLogging || false;
+		/** Enable console logging */
+		this.consoleLogging = options.consoleLogging || false;
 		/** Maximum number of RCON commands transmitted in parallel on the RCON connection  */
 		this.maxConcurrentCommands = options.maxConcurrentCommands || 5;
-		/** Timeout in ms to wait for a response to a shutdown command */
-		this.hangTimeoutMs = options.hangTimeoutMs ?? 5000;
+		if (options.shutdownTimeoutMs !== undefined) {
+			this.shutdownTimeoutMs = options.shutdownTimeoutMs;
+		}

 		if (options.stripPaths) {
 			let charSet = new Set(path.resolve(this.writePath("temp")));
@@ -564,8 +636,8 @@ export class FactorioServer extends events.EventEmitter {

 	// TODO at the moment this is just a helper function, it has the potential for schema checking
 	handle<Event>(eventName: string, handler: (event: Event) => Promise<void>) {
-		this.on(`ipc-${eventName}`, (event) => handler(event).catch(err => {
-			this._logger.error(`Error handling ipc event:\n${err.stack}`);
+		this.on(`ipc-${eventName}`, (event) => handler(event).catch((err: Error) => {
+			this._logger.error(`Error handling ipc event:\n${err.stack ?? err.message}`);
 		}));
 	}

@@ -661,10 +733,6 @@ export class FactorioServer extends events.EventEmitter {
 	}

 	async _startRcon() {
-		if (this._state === "stopping") {
-			return;
-		}
-
 		if (this._rconClient !== null) {
 			throw Error("RCON client is already started");
 		}
@@ -678,16 +746,95 @@ export class FactorioServer extends events.EventEmitter {
 		};

 		this._rconClient = new Rcon(config);
-		this._rconClient.on("error", () => { /* Ignore */ });
-		this._rconClient.on("authenticated", () => { this._rconReady = true; this.emit("rcon-ready"); });
+		this._rconClient.on("error", () => {
+			// Errors before being authenticated might not emit end
+			this._rconClient = null;
+			if (!this._rconReady) {
+				this._rconReady = true;
+				this.emit("rcon-ready");
+			}
+		});
+		this._rconClient.on("authenticated", () => {
+			this._rconReady = true;
+			this.emit("rcon-ready");
+		});
 		this._rconClient.on("end", () => {
 			this._rconClient = null;
+			if (!this._rconReady) {
+				this._rconReady = true;
+				this.emit("rcon-ready");
+			}
 		});
 		// XXX: Workaround to suppress bogus event listener warning
 		if (this._rconClient.emitter instanceof events.EventEmitter) {
 			this._rconClient.emitter.setMaxListeners(this.maxConcurrentCommands + 5);
 		}
-		await this._rconClient.connect();
+		try {
+			await this._rconClient.connect();
+		} catch (err: any) {
+			this._logger.error(`Failed to start RCON connection:\n${err?.stack ?? err?.message ?? err}`);
+			this._rconClient = null;
+			if (!this._rconReady) {
+				this._rconReady = true;
+				this.emit("rcon-ready");
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	_watchWhitelist() {
+		if (this._whitelistWatcher !== null) {
+			throw new Error("Whitelist watcher already started");
+		}
+
+		if (!this.enableWhitelist) {
+			return; // The file is not updated if the whitelist is disabled
+		}
+
+		const filePath = this.writePath("server-whitelist.json");
+		try {
+			this._whitelistWatcher = fs.watch(filePath);
+		} catch (err: any) {
+			this._logger.error(`Unable to watch whitelist, bidirectional sync will not be available:\n${err}`);
+			return;
+		}
+
+		this._whitelistWatcher.unref();
+		this._whitelistWatcher.on("error", (err) => {
+			this._whitelistWatcher = null;
+			this._logger.error(`Whitelist Watcher has errored:\n${err?.stack ?? err?.message ?? err}`);
+		});
+		this._whitelistWatcher.on("close", () => {
+			this._whitelistWatcher = null;
+		});
+		this._whitelistWatcher.on("change", async (eventType) => {
+			if (eventType !== "change") {
+				this._logger.warn(`Unexpected file watcher event: ${eventType}`);
+				return;
+			}
+
+			let newWhitelistJson;
+			try {
+				newWhitelistJson = await fs.readJSON(filePath);
+			} catch (err: any) {
+				this._logger.error(`Unable to read whitelist, bidirectional sync will not be available:\n${err}`);
+				return;
+			}
+
+			if (!(newWhitelistJson instanceof Array) || !newWhitelistJson.every(e => typeof e === "string")) {
+				// The whitelist must be an array of strings
+				this._logger.error("Unable to read whitelist, bidirectional sync will not be available:" +
+					"Unexpected whitelist format");
+				return;
+			}
+
+			const newWhitelist = new Set(newWhitelistJson);
+			// Set.difference added in node v22 and so we can not use this due to v20 support
+			const added = newWhitelistJson.filter(e => !this._whitelist.has(e));
+			const removed = [...this._whitelist.values()].filter(e => !newWhitelist.has(e));
+			this._whitelist = newWhitelist;
+
+			this.emit("whitelist-change", added, removed);
+		});
 	}

 	/** Maximum number of RCON commands transmitted in parallel on the RCON connection  */
@@ -725,12 +872,12 @@ export class FactorioServer extends events.EventEmitter {
 	}

 	/**
-	 * The version of Factorio in use.  This will be the actual version if
-	 * "latest" (the default) was specified as `factorioVersion` to the
-	 * constructor.
+	 * The version of Factorio in use. This will be the actual version if
+	 * "latest" (the default) was specified as `factorioVersion` to the constructor.
+	 * This will be undefined before the server is initialized, or if init failed.
 	 */
-	get version() {
-		return this._version!;
+	get version(): lib.FullVersion | undefined {
+		return this._version ?? undefined;
 	}

 	/**
@@ -759,6 +906,7 @@ export class FactorioServer extends events.EventEmitter {
 		this._rconReady = false;
 		this._gameReady = false;
 		this._unexpected = [];
+		this._killed = false;
 		this._runningAutosave = null;
 	}

@@ -793,12 +941,19 @@ export class FactorioServer extends events.EventEmitter {
 						`\n- ${this._unexpected.join("\n- ")}`
 					));
 				}
+
+			} else { // if state === "stopping"
+				this._clearStopTimeout();
 			}

 			if (this._rconClient) {
 				this._rconClient.end().catch(() => {});
 			}

+			if (this._whitelistWatcher) {
+				this._whitelistWatcher.close();
+			}
+
 			this._resetState();
 			this.emit("exit");
 		});
@@ -813,6 +968,10 @@ export class FactorioServer extends events.EventEmitter {
 				this._rconClient.end().catch(() => {});
 			}

+			if (this._whitelistWatcher) {
+				this._whitelistWatcher.close();
+			}
+
 			this._resetState();
 			this.emit("exit");
 		});
@@ -847,28 +1006,36 @@ export class FactorioServer extends events.EventEmitter {
 		this._check(["init"]);
 		this._state = "create";

-		await this._writeConfigIni();
-		await this._writeMapSettings(mapGenSettings, mapSettings);
-		this._server = child_process.spawn(
-			this.binaryPath(),
-			[
-				"--config", this.writePath("config.ini"),
-				"--create", this.writePath("saves", name),
-				...(seed !== undefined ? ["--map-gen-seed", String(seed)] : []),
-				...(mapGenSettings !== undefined
-					? ["--map-gen-settings", this.writePath("map-gen-settings.json")] : []
-				),
-				...(mapSettings !== undefined ? ["--map-settings", this.writePath("map-settings.json")] : []),
-				...(this.verboseLogging ? ["--verbose"] : []),
-			],
-			{
-				detached: true,
-				stdio: "pipe",
-			}
-		);
-
-		this._attachStdio();
-		this._server.once("exit", () => this.emit("exit"));
+		try {
+			// Everything between _state and once exit must be sync and call _resetState on error
+			// If this this thread yields then the server will be left in an invalid transient state
+			/* eslint-disable node/no-sync */
+			this._writeConfigIniSync();
+			this._writeMapSettingsSync(mapGenSettings, mapSettings);
+			this._server = child_process.spawn(
+				this.binaryPath(),
+				[
+					"--config", this.writePath("config.ini"),
+					"--create", this.writePath("saves", name),
+					...(seed !== undefined ? ["--map-gen-seed", String(seed)] : []),
+					...(mapGenSettings !== undefined
+						? ["--map-gen-settings", this.writePath("map-gen-settings.json")] : []
+					),
+					...(mapSettings !== undefined ? ["--map-settings", this.writePath("map-settings.json")] : []),
+					...(this.verboseLogging ? ["--verbose"] : []),
+				],
+				{
+					detached: true,
+					stdio: "pipe",
+				}
+			);
+			this._attachStdio();
+			this._server.once("exit", () => this.emit("exit"));
+			/* eslint-enable node/no-sync */
+		} catch (err: any) {
+			this._resetState();
+			throw new lib.EnvironmentError(`Unexpected error:\n${err.stack}`);
+		}

 		try {
 			let [code, signal] = await events.once(this._server, "exit");
@@ -900,27 +1067,38 @@ export class FactorioServer extends events.EventEmitter {
 		this._check(["init"]);
 		this._state = "running";

-		await this._writeConfigIni();
-		this._server = child_process.spawn(
-			this.binaryPath(),
-			[
-				"--config", this.writePath("config.ini"),
-				"--start-server", this.writePath("saves", save),
-				"--port", String(this.gamePort),
-				"--rcon-port", String(this.rconPort),
-				"--rcon-password", this.rconPassword,
-				...(this.enableWhitelist ? ["--use-server-whitelist"] : []),
-				...(this.enableAuthserverBans ? ["--use-authserver-bans"] : []),
-				...(this.verboseLogging ? ["--verbose"] : []),
-			],
-			{
-				detached: true,
-				stdio: "pipe",
-			}
-		);
+		try {
+			// Everything between _state and _watchExist must be sync and call _resetState on error
+			// If this this thread yields then the server will be left in an invalid transient state
+			/* eslint-disable node/no-sync */
+			this._writeConfigIniSync();
+			this._server = child_process.spawn(
+				this.binaryPath(),
+				[
+					"--config", this.writePath("config.ini"),
+					"--start-server", this.writePath("saves", save),
+					"--port", String(this.gamePort),
+					"--rcon-port", String(this.rconPort),
+					"--rcon-password", this.rconPassword,
+					...(this.enableWhitelist ? ["--use-server-whitelist"] : []),
+					...(this.enableAuthserverBans ? ["--use-authserver-bans"] : []),
+					...(this.verboseLogging ? ["--verbose"] : []),
+					...(this.consoleLogging ? ["--console-log", this.writePath("console.log")] : []),
+				],
+				{
+					detached: true,
+					stdio: "pipe",
+				}
+			);
+			this._watchWhitelist();
+			this._attachStdio();
+			this._watchExit();
+			/* eslint-enable node/no-sync */
+		} catch (err: any) {
+			this.emit("error", new lib.EnvironmentError(`Unexpected error:\n${err.stack}`));
+			this._resetState();
+		}

-		this._attachStdio();
-		this._watchExit();
 		await this._waitForReady();
 	}

@@ -941,33 +1119,44 @@ export class FactorioServer extends events.EventEmitter {
 		this._check(["init"]);
 		this._state = "running";

-		await this._writeConfigIni();
-		await this._writeMapSettings(mapGenSettings, mapSettings);
-		this._server = child_process.spawn(
-			this.binaryPath(),
-			[
-				"--config", this.writePath("config.ini"),
-				"--start-server-load-scenario", scenario,
-				...(seed !== undefined ? ["--map-gen-seed", String(seed)] : []),
-				...(mapGenSettings !== undefined
-					? ["--map-gen-settings", this.writePath("map-gen-settings.json")] : []
-				),
-				...(mapSettings !== undefined ? ["--map-settings", this.writePath("map-settings.json")] : []),
-				"--port", String(this.gamePort),
-				"--rcon-port", String(this.rconPort),
-				"--rcon-password", this.rconPassword,
-				...(this.enableWhitelist ? ["--use-server-whitelist"] : []),
-				...(this.enableAuthserverBans ? ["--use-authserver-bans"] : []),
-				...(this.verboseLogging ? ["--verbose"] : []),
-			],
-			{
-				detached: true,
-				stdio: "pipe",
-			}
-		);
+		try {
+			// Everything between _state and _watchExist must be sync and call _resetState on error
+			// If this this thread yields then the server will be left in an invalid transient state
+			/* eslint-disable node/no-sync */
+			this._writeConfigIniSync();
+			this._writeMapSettingsSync(mapGenSettings, mapSettings);
+			this._server = child_process.spawn(
+				this.binaryPath(),
+				[
+					"--config", this.writePath("config.ini"),
+					"--start-server-load-scenario", scenario,
+					...(seed !== undefined ? ["--map-gen-seed", String(seed)] : []),
+					...(mapGenSettings !== undefined
+						? ["--map-gen-settings", this.writePath("map-gen-settings.json")] : []
+					),
+					...(mapSettings !== undefined ? ["--map-settings", this.writePath("map-settings.json")] : []),
+					"--port", String(this.gamePort),
+					"--rcon-port", String(this.rconPort),
+					"--rcon-password", this.rconPassword,
+					...(this.enableWhitelist ? ["--use-server-whitelist"] : []),
+					...(this.enableAuthserverBans ? ["--use-authserver-bans"] : []),
+					...(this.verboseLogging ? ["--verbose"] : []),
+					...(this.consoleLogging ? ["--console-log", this.writePath("console.log")] : []),
+				],
+				{
+					detached: true,
+					stdio: "pipe",
+				}
+			);
+			this._watchWhitelist();
+			this._attachStdio();
+			this._watchExit();
+			/* eslint-enable node/no-sync */
+		} catch (err: any) {
+			this.emit("error", new lib.EnvironmentError(`Unexpected error:\n${err.stack}`));
+			this._resetState();
+		}

-		this._attachStdio();
-		this._watchExit();
 		await this._waitForReady();
 	}

@@ -1000,6 +1189,47 @@ export class FactorioServer extends events.EventEmitter {
 		return response;
 	}

+	/**
+	 * Timeout in ms to wait after a shutdown is requested before killing the
+	 * process. Defaults to 0 meaning no timeout
+	 */
+	get shutdownTimeoutMs() {
+		return this._shutdownTimeoutMs;
+	}
+
+	set shutdownTimeoutMs(newTimeoutMs: number) {
+		this._shutdownTimeoutMs = newTimeoutMs;
+		if (this._state === "stopping") {
+			this._clearStopTimeout();
+			this._setStopTimeout();
+		}
+	}
+
+	_setStopTimeout() {
+		if (this._shutdownTimeoutMs !== 0) {
+			this._stopTimeoutId = setTimeout(
+				this.onStopTimeout.bind(this),
+				this.shutdownTimeoutMs
+			);
+		}
+	}
+
+	_clearStopTimeout() {
+		clearTimeout(this._stopTimeoutId);
+		this._stopTimeoutId = undefined;
+	}
+
+	onStopTimeout() {
+		this._logger.error("Factorio appears to have hanged, killing process");
+		if (this._rconClient) {
+			this._rconClient.end().catch(() => {});
+		}
+		if (this._whitelistWatcher) {
+			this._whitelistWatcher.close();
+		}
+		this._server!.kill("SIGKILL");
+	}
+
 	/**
 	 * Stop the server
 	 *
@@ -1008,88 +1238,54 @@ export class FactorioServer extends events.EventEmitter {
 	 */
 	async stop() {
 		this._check(["running"]);
-
-		let hanged = true;
-		let stopped = false;
-		function setAlive() { hanged = false; }
-
-		let timeoutId = setTimeout(() => {
-			if (hanged) {
-				this._logger.error("Factorio appears to have hanged, sending SIGKILL");
-				if (this._rconClient) {
-					this._rconClient.end().catch(() => {});
-				}
-				this._server!.kill("SIGKILL");
-			}
-		}, this.hangTimeoutMs);
-
-		// It's possible the server decides to exit on its own, in which
-		// case the stop operation has to be cancelled.
-		this._server!.once("exit", () => {
-			stopped = true;
-			clearTimeout(timeoutId);
-		});
-
 		this._state = "stopping";
-		// On Windows we need to save the map as there's no graceful shutdown.
-		if (this._rconClient && process.platform === "win32") {
-			// Not using events.once here as that will reject on error.
-			let saved = new Promise(resolve => this.once("_saved", resolve));
-			this.on("_saving", setAlive);

-			try {
-				await this.sendRcon("/server-save");
-				await saved;
+		// It's possible the server doesn't stop if it's stuck in an infinite
+		// loop or overloaded, kill it if the shutdown takes too long.
+		this._setStopTimeout();

-			} catch (err) {
-				// Ignore
-			}
-
-			clearTimeout(timeoutId);
-			this.off("_saving", setAlive);
-		}
-
-		if (this._rconClient) {
-
-			// If RCON is not yet fully connected that operation needs to
-			// complete before the RCON connection can be closed cleanly.
-			if (!this._rconReady) {
-				await events.once(this, "rcon-ready");
-			}
-
-			await this._rconClient.end();
+		// If RCON is not yet fully connected that operation needs to
+		// complete before the RCON connection can be used
+		if (!this._rconReady) {
+			// Not using events.once here to avoid throwing on error events.
+			await new Promise<void>(resolve => this.once("rcon-ready", resolve));
 		}

 		// The Factorio server may have decided to get ahead of us and
 		// stop by itself before we had the chance to signal it.
-		if (stopped) {
+		if (this._state !== "stopping") {
 			return;
 		}

-		// On linux this sends SIGTERM to the process.  On windows this
-		// will terminate the process with no cleanup.  You can send your
-		// complaint for the lack of graceful shutdown to the Factorio
-		// developers.  Rcon does not recognize /quit, stdin is not
-		// recognized, and there's no "send CTRL+C to process" on Windows.
-		this._server!.kill();
+		const waitForExit = events.once(this._server!, "exit");
+		waitForExit.catch(() => {}); // Prevent unhandled promise rejection

-		// There appears to be an race condition where sending SIGTERM
-		// immediatly before the RCON interface comes online causes the
-		// Factorio server to hang.  It's also possible the server doesn't
-		// stop if it's stuck with an infinite lua code loop.  In either
-		// case there's no recovering from it.
-		if (process.platform !== "win32") {
-			this.on("_quitting", setAlive);
-			await events.once(this._server!, "exit");
-
-			clearTimeout(timeoutId);
-			this.off("_quitting", setAlive);
-
-		// On windows the process is terminated immediately, but to keep
-		// ordering wait until after the exit event here.
+		// Stop the server
+		if (this._rconClient) {
+			// Use RCON by default to stop the the server as it's available on
+			// all platforms and simplifies the code.
+			try {
+				await this.sendRcon("/quit");
+			} catch (err: any) {
+				// Ignore RCON connection being closed while sending the quit command.
+				if (err.message !== "Connection closed") {
+					throw err;
+				}
+			}
 		} else {
-			await events.once(this._server!, "exit");
+			// No rcon connection is available, fallback to signal.  On linux
+			// this sends SIGTERM to the process.  On windows this
+			// will terminate the process without saving.  You can send your
+			// complaint for the lack of graceful shutdown options to the
+			// Factorio developers.  I haven't found any way to make stdin work
+			// and there's no "send CTRL+C to process" API on Windows.
+			if (process.platform === "win32") {
+				this._logger.warn("No RCON connection, falling back to killing the server.");
+			}
+			this._server!.kill();
 		}
+
+		await waitForExit;
 	}

 	/**
@@ -1155,11 +1351,15 @@ export class FactorioServer extends events.EventEmitter {
 	/**
 	 * Get Factorio binary path
 	 *
-	 * Get the path to the factorio binary depending on the platform (MacOS support)
+	 * Get the path to the factorio binary depending on the configuration
+	 * and or the platform (MacOS support)
 	 *
 	 * @returns Path to factorio binary
 	 */
 	binaryPath() {
+		if (this.executablePath) {
+			return this.dataPath("..", this.executablePath);
+		}
 		if (process.platform === "darwin") {
 			return this.dataPath("..", "MacOS", "factorio");
 		}
@@ -1190,24 +1390,29 @@ export class FactorioServer extends events.EventEmitter {
 		return JSON.parse(await fs.readFile(this.dataPath("server-settings.example.json"), "utf-8"));
 	}

-	async _writeConfigIni() {
+	_writeConfigIniSync() {
 		let content = lib.stringify({
 			path: {
 				"read-data": this.dataPath(),
 				"write-data": this.writePath(),
 			},
 		});
-		await lib.safeOutputFile(this.writePath("config.ini"), content);
+		// Must be sync to allow process spawn without awaiting
+		// eslint-disable-next-line node/no-sync
+		fs.writeFileSync(this.writePath("config.ini"), content);
 	}

-	async _writeMapSettings(mapGenSettings?: object, mapSettings?: object) {
+	_writeMapSettingsSync(mapGenSettings?: object, mapSettings?: object) {
+		// Must be sync to allow process spawn without awaiting
 		if (mapGenSettings) {
-			await lib.safeOutputFile(
+			// eslint-disable-next-line node/no-sync
+			fs.writeFileSync(
 				this.writePath("map-gen-settings.json"), JSON.stringify(mapGenSettings, null, "\t")
 			);
 		}
 		if (mapSettings) {
-			await lib.safeOutputFile(
+			// eslint-disable-next-line node/no-sync
+			fs.writeFileSync(
 				this.writePath("map-settings.json"), JSON.stringify(mapSettings, null, "\t")
 			);
 		}
@@ -4,7 +4,4 @@
 		{ "path": "../lib/tsconfig.node.json" },
 	],
 	"include": ["index.ts", "host.ts", "package.json", "src/**/*.ts", "src/**/*.js"],
-	"compilerOptions": {
-		"outDir": "dist/node",
-	},
 }
@@ -15,4 +15,4 @@ export * from "./src/subscriptions";

 export { default as ExponentialBackoff } from "./src/ExponentialBackoff";
 export { default as RateLimiter } from "./src/RateLimiter";
-export { default as TypedEventEmitter } from "./src/TypedEventEmitter";
+export { default as ValueCache } from "./src/ValueCache";
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 export interface BuildArgs {
-    factorioVersion?: string;
-    dependencies?: Record<string, string>;
-    clean?: boolean;
-    pack?: boolean;
-    build?: boolean;
-    outputDir: string;
-    sourceDir: string;
+	factorioVersion?: string;
+	dependencies?: Record<string, string>;
+	clean?: boolean;
+	pack?: boolean;
+	build?: boolean;
+	outputDir: string;
+	sourceDir: string;
 };
 export function build(args: BuildArgs): Promise<void>;
@@ -115,9 +115,21 @@ async function main() {
 			"clean": { describe: "Remove previous builds", type: "boolean", default: false },
 			"build": { describe: "Build mod(s)", type: "boolean", default: true },
 			"pack": { describe: "Pack into zip file", type: "boolean", default: true },
-			"source-dir": { describe: "Path to mod source files", nargs: 1, type: "string", demandOption: true },
-			"output-dir": { describe: "Path to output built mod(s)", nargs: 1, type: "string", default: "dist" },
 			"factorio-version": { describe: "Override factorio_version", type: "string" },
+			"source-dir": {
+				describe: "Path to mod source files",
+				type: "string",
+				nargs: 1,
+				normalize: true,
+				demandOption: true,
+			},
+			"output-dir": {
+				describe: "Path to output built mod(s)",
+				type: "string",
+				nargs: 1,
+				normalize: true,
+				default: "dist/factorio",
+			},
 		})
 		.strict()
 		.argv
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ export * from "./src/config";
 export * from "./src/data";
 export * from "./src/database";
 export * from "./src/errors";
+export * from "./src/external";
 export * from "./src/factorio";
 export * from "./src/file_ops";
 export * from "./src/hash";
@@ -28,8 +29,12 @@ export * from "./src/stream";
 export * from "./src/system_collectors";
 export * from "./src/zip_ops";
 export * from "./src/subscriptions";
+export * from "./src/datastore";
+export * from "./src/load_plugin_list";
+export * from "./src/rce_ops";
+export * from "./src/LockFile";

 export { default as ExponentialBackoff } from "./src/ExponentialBackoff";
 export { default as ModStore } from "./src/ModStore";
 export { default as RateLimiter } from "./src/RateLimiter";
-export { default as TypedEventEmitter } from "./src/TypedEventEmitter";
+export { default as ValueCache } from "./src/ValueCache";
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {
 	"name": "@clusterio/lib",
 	"description": "Shared library for Clusterio",
-	"version": "2.0.0-alpha.18",
+	"version": "2.0.0-alpha.22b",
 	"repository": "https://github.com/clusterio/clusterio",
 	"license": "MIT",
 	"scripts": {
@@ -11,36 +11,37 @@
 	"main": "dist/node/index.js",
 	"browser": "browser.ts",
 	"keywords": [
+		"clusterio",
 		"factorio"
 	],
 	"engines": {
 		"node": ">=12"
 	},
 	"dependencies": {
-		"@sinclair/typebox": "^0.30.4",
-		"ajv": "^8.12.0",
-		"chalk": "^4.1.2",
+		"@sinclair/typebox": "catalog:",
+		"set-blocking": "catalog:",
+		"fs-extra": "catalog:",
+		"jszip": "catalog:",
+		"chalk": "catalog:",
+		"ws": "catalog:",
+		"winston": "catalog:",
+		"winston-transport": "catalog:",
 		"fast-deep-equal": "^3.1.3",
-		"fs-extra": "^11.1.1",
-		"jszip": "^3.10.1",
-		"klaw": "^4.1.0",
-		"set-blocking": "^2.0.0",
 		"triple-beam": "^1.4.1",
-		"winston": "^3.10.0",
-		"winston-transport": "^4.5.0",
-		"ws": "^8.13.0",
+		"ajv": "^8.17.1",
+		"klaw": "^4.1.0",
 		"yargs": "^17.7.2"
 	},
 	"publishConfig": {
 		"access": "public"
 	},
 	"devDependencies": {
-		"@types/fs-extra": "^11.0.1",
-		"@types/node": "^20.4.5",
-		"@types/set-blocking": "^2.0.0",
+		"@types/fs-extra": "catalog:",
+		"@types/node": "catalog:",
+		"@types/ws": "catalog:",
+		"@types/set-blocking": "catalog:",
 		"@types/triple-beam": "^1.3.2",
-		"@types/ws": "^8.5.5",
-		"@types/yargs": "^17.0.24",
-		"typescript": "^5.1.6"
+		"@types/yargs": "^17.0.33",
+		"typescript": "catalog:"
 	}
 }
@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+import { FileHandle, open, unlink, readFile } from "fs/promises";
+import { unlinkSync } from "fs";
+import assert from "assert";
+
+/**
+ * Error thrown when the lock file already exists.
+ */
+export class LockFileExistsError extends Error {
+	constructor(
+		readonly filePath: string
+	) {
+		super(`Cannot acquire lock, a valid lock file exists at ${filePath}`);
+		this.name = "LockFileExistsError";
+	}
+}
+
+/**
+ * Error thrown when the acquire or release called during an invalid state.
+ */
+export class LockFileBusyError extends Error {
+	constructor(message: string) {
+		super(message);
+		this.name = "LockFileBusyError";
+	}
+}
+
+type LockState = "idle" | "acquiring" | "acquired" | "releasing";
+
+/**
+ * Cross-platform lock file utility for Node.js.
+ */
+export class LockFile {
+	private handle: FileHandle | null = null;
+	private state: LockState = "idle";
+
+	constructor(
+		private readonly filePath: string
+	) {}
+
+	/**
+	 * Acquire the lock file.
+	 * Throws LockFileExistsError if already locked.
+	 * Throws LockFileBusyError if not in idle state.
+	 */
+	async acquire(): Promise<void> {
+		if (this.state !== "idle") {
+			throw new LockFileBusyError(`Cannot acquire lock, current state is "${this.state}"`);
+		}
+
+		this.state = "acquiring";
+
+		if (await this.isStale()) {
+			await unlink(this.filePath).catch(() => {}); // ignore errors, may already be removed
+		}
+
+		try {
+			this.handle = await open(this.filePath, "wx");
+			await this.handle.write(`${process.pid}\n`);
+			this.attachExitHandlers();
+			this.state = "acquired";
+		} catch (err: any) {
+			this.state = "idle";
+			if (err?.code === "EEXIST") {
+				throw new LockFileExistsError(this.filePath);
+			}
+			throw err;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Release the lock file.
+	 * Throws LockFileBusyError if not in acquired state.
+	 */
+	async release(): Promise<void> {
+		if (this.state !== "acquired") {
+			throw new LockFileBusyError(`Cannot release lock, current state is "${this.state}"`);
+		}
+
+		this.state = "releasing";
+		this.detachExitHandlers();
+
+		// Ignored: file may have already been removed by another process
+		try { await this.handle?.close(); } catch {}
+		try { await unlink(this.filePath); } catch {}
+
+		this.handle = null;
+		this.state = "idle";
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Check whether the lock is currently held by this process.
+	 * True only if the lock is acquired and the PID in the file
+	 * matches the current process.
+	 */
+	async isHeld(): Promise<boolean> {
+		if (this.state !== "acquired") {
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		try {
+			const pidInLock = Number(await readFile(this.filePath, "utf8"));
+			return pidInLock === process.pid;
+		} catch {
+    		// Ignored: file may not exist or be unreadable, so lock is not held
+			return false;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Determine whether an existing lock is stale.
+	 */
+	async isStale(): Promise<boolean> {
+		try {
+			const pidInLock = Number(await readFile(this.filePath, "utf8"));
+			if (!Number.isFinite(pidInLock)) { return true; }
+			// signal 0 is a special case to test if a process exists
+			process.kill(pidInLock, 0);
+			return false;
+		} catch {
+			return true;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Attach process handlers, called when transitioning to "acquired"
+	 */
+	private attachExitHandlers(): void {
+		assert(this.state === "acquiring");
+		process.on("SIGINT", this.handleExit);
+		process.on("SIGTERM", this.handleExit);
+		process.on("SIGHUP", this.handleExit);
+		process.on("uncaughtException", this.handleExit);
+		// eslint-disable-next-line node/no-sync
+		process.on("exit", this.handleExitSync);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Detach process handlers, called when transitioning to "idle"
+	 */
+	private async detachExitHandlers(): Promise<void> {
+		assert(this.state === "releasing");
+		process.off("SIGINT", this.handleExit);
+		process.off("SIGTERM", this.handleExit);
+		process.off("SIGHUP", this.handleExit);
+		process.off("uncaughtException", this.handleExit);
+		// eslint-disable-next-line node/no-sync
+		process.off("exit", this.handleExitSync);
+	}
+
+  	// Event handler for async signals / exceptions
+	private handleExit = async (): Promise<void> => {
+		await this.release();
+	};
+
+  	// Event handler for synchronous process exit
+	private handleExitSync = (): void => {
+		try {
+			unlinkSync(this.filePath);
+		} catch (err) {
+      		// Ignored: file may have already been removed by another process
+		}
+	};
+}
@@ -1,17 +1,43 @@
 import fs from "fs-extra";
 import path from "path";
+import events from "events";
 import { Static } from "@sinclair/typebox";
 import { logger } from "./logging";
-import { ModInfo } from "./data";
-import TypedEventEmitter from "./TypedEventEmitter";
 import { safeOutputFile } from "./file_ops";
+import { Writable } from "stream";
+import { ModPortalReleaseSchema, ModPortalDetailsSchema, ModNameVersionPair } from "./data/messages_mod";
+import { ModInfo, ModPack, FullVersion, ApiVersion, ModVersionEquality } from "./data";

 export interface ModStoreEvents {
 	/** A stored mod was created, updated or deleted */
-	change: (mod: ModInfo) => void;
+	"change": [ mod: ModInfo ];
 }

-export default class ModStore extends TypedEventEmitter<keyof ModStoreEvents, ModStoreEvents> {
+interface ModsInfoResponse {
+	pagination: any,
+	results: Array<Static<typeof ModPortalDetailsSchema>>,
+}
+
+/**
+ * Interface describing the structure of the pagination info from the portal API
+ */
+interface ModPortalPagination {
+	count: number;
+	links: { next?: string; prev?: string; };
+	page: number;
+	page_count: number;
+	page_size: number;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Interface describing the structure of the portal API response for a single page
+ */
+interface ModPortalResponse {
+	pagination: ModPortalPagination;
+	results: Static<typeof ModPortalDetailsSchema>[];
+}
+
+export default class ModStore extends events.EventEmitter<ModStoreEvents> {
 	constructor(
 		public modsDirectory: string,
 		public files: Map<string, ModInfo>,
@@ -19,7 +45,7 @@ export default class ModStore extends TypedEventEmitter<keyof ModStoreEvents, Mo
 		super();
 	}

-	getMod(name: string, version: string, sha1?: string) {
+	getMod(name: string, version: FullVersion, sha1?: string) {
 		const mod = this.files.get(ModInfo.filename(name, version));
 		if (!mod || sha1 && sha1 !== mod.sha1) {
 			return undefined;
@@ -27,11 +53,6 @@ export default class ModStore extends TypedEventEmitter<keyof ModStoreEvents, Mo
 		return mod;
 	}

-	hasMod(name: string, version: string, sha1?: string): boolean {
-		const mod = this.files.get(ModInfo.filename(name, version));
-		return Boolean(mod && (!sha1 || sha1 !== mod.sha1));
-	}
-
 	mods() { return this.files.values(); }

 	static async loadFile(modsDirectory: string, file: string) {
@@ -44,8 +65,7 @@ export default class ModStore extends TypedEventEmitter<keyof ModStoreEvents, Mo

 	async loadFile(file: string) {
 		let modInfo = await ModStore.loadFile(this.modsDirectory, file);
-		this.files.set(modInfo.filename, modInfo);
-		this.emit("change", modInfo);
+		this.addMod(modInfo);
 		return modInfo;
 	}

@@ -67,11 +87,11 @@ export default class ModStore extends TypedEventEmitter<keyof ModStoreEvents, Mo
 		this.emit("change", modInfo);
 	}

-	async loadMod(name: string, version: string) {
+	async loadMod(name: string, version: FullVersion) {
 		return await this.loadFile(ModInfo.filename(name, version));
 	}

-	async deleteMod(name: string, version: string) {
+	async deleteMod(name: string, version: FullVersion) {
 		return await this.deleteFile(ModInfo.filename(name, version));
 	}

@@ -134,4 +154,220 @@ export default class ModStore extends TypedEventEmitter<keyof ModStoreEvents, Mo

 		return new this(modsDirectory, files);
 	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Stream a url's content into a file.
+	 *
+	 * @param url - Web path to stream from.
+	 * @param filePath - File path to stream to.
+	 */
+	private static async downloadFile(url: string | URL, filePath: string) {
+		try {
+			const response = await fetch(url);
+
+			if (!response.ok) {
+				throw new Error(`Failed to fetch ${url}: ${response.status} ${response.statusText}`);
+			}
+
+			if (!response.body) {
+				throw new Error("Response body is missing.");
+			}
+
+			const fileStream = fs.createWriteStream(filePath);
+			const writer = Writable.toWeb(fileStream);
+			await response.body.pipeTo(writer);
+		} catch (error) {
+			logger.error("Error downloading file:", error);
+			throw error;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Download a matching version from a selection of available versions.
+	 *
+	 * @param releases - Array of mod releases taken from the mod portal.
+	 * @param version - The required version to install.
+	 * @param username - Factorio username to download using.
+	 * @param token - Factorio token to download using.
+	 */
+	private async downloadModFromReleases(
+		releases: Array<Static<typeof ModPortalReleaseSchema>>, version: ModVersionEquality,
+		username: string, token: string
+	) {
+		const selectedRelease = releases.find(release => version.testVersion(release.version));
+
+		if (selectedRelease === undefined) {
+			logger.warn(`Mod release matching version ${version} not found.`);
+			return;
+		}
+
+		try {
+			const url = new URL(`https://mods.factorio.com/${selectedRelease.download_url}`);
+			url.searchParams.set("username", username);
+			url.searchParams.set("token", token);
+			const tempFileName = `${this.modsDirectory}/${selectedRelease.file_name}.tmp`;
+			const finalFileName = `${this.modsDirectory}/${selectedRelease.file_name}`;
+
+			await ModStore.downloadFile(url, tempFileName);
+			await fs.rename(tempFileName, finalFileName);
+			await this.loadFile(selectedRelease.file_name);
+
+		} catch (err: any) {
+			logger.error(`Failed to download or load mod ${selectedRelease.file_name} (${version}): ${err.message}`);
+			// Attempt to clean up temp file if it exists
+			try {
+				const tempFileName = `${this.modsDirectory}/${selectedRelease.file_name}.tmp`;
+				await fs.unlink(tempFileName);
+			} catch (unlinkErr: any) {
+				if (unlinkErr.code !== "ENOENT") { // Ignore if file doesn't exist
+					logger.warn(`Failed to clean up temp file ${selectedRelease.file_name}.tmp: ${unlinkErr.message}`);
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Downloads all provided mods, does not perform chunking or filtering of builtins
+	 *
+	 * @param mods - An array of mods to download
+	 * @param username - Factorio username used for auth to download mods
+	 * @param token - Factorio token used for auth to download mods
+	 * @param factorioVersion - Factorio version to filter for (mods are not guaranteed to work between Middle versions)
+	 */
+	private async downloadModsChunk(
+		mods: ModNameVersionPair[],
+		username: string, token: string,
+		factorioVersion: ApiVersion,
+	) {
+		const url = new URL("https://mods.factorio.com/api/mods");
+		url.searchParams.set("page_size", "max");
+		url.searchParams.set("version", factorioVersion);
+		const response = await fetch(url, {
+			method: "POST",
+			body: new URLSearchParams({ namelist: mods.map(m => m.name).join(",") }),
+		});
+
+		if (response.status !== 200) {
+			throw Error(`Fetch: ${url} returned ${response.status} ${response.statusText}`);
+		}
+
+		const modReleases = (await response.json() as ModsInfoResponse).results;
+		await Promise.all(modReleases.map((mod) => {
+			const modVersion = mods.find(m => m.name === mod.name)!.version;
+			if (mod.releases) {
+				return this.downloadModFromReleases(mod.releases, modVersion, username, token);
+			} else if (mod.latest_release) {
+				return this.downloadModFromReleases([mod.latest_release], modVersion, username, token);
+			}
+			throw new Error(`Mod ${mod.name} has no releases or latest_release`);
+		}));
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Downloads all provided mods to the mod dir.
+	 *
+	 * Handles chunking to prevent errors due to URL length.
+	 * Will re-download if mod is already present, if this is undesired use filterInstalled first.
+	 *
+	 * @param mods - An array of mods to download.
+	 * @param username - Factorio username used for auth to download mods.
+	 * @param token - Factorio token used for auth to download mods.
+	 * @param factorioVersion - Factorio version to filter for (mods are not guaranteed to work between Middle versions)
+	 */
+	async downloadMods(
+		mods: ModNameVersionPair[], username: string, token: string, factorioVersion: ApiVersion = "1.1"
+	) {
+		const chunkSize = 500;
+		const futures: Promise<void>[] = [];
+		const builtInMods = new Set(ModPack.getBuiltinModNames(factorioVersion));
+		mods = mods.filter(mod => !(builtInMods.has(mod.name) || mod.name === "core"));
+
+		for (let i = 0; i < mods.length; i += chunkSize) {
+			futures.push(
+				this.downloadModsChunk(mods.slice(i, i + chunkSize), username, token, factorioVersion)
+			);
+		}
+
+		await Promise.all(futures);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Filter an array of mods based on if they are installed.
+	 *
+	 * @param mods - Array of mods to filer.
+	 * @param installed - `true` to keep installed mods, `false` to keep uninstalled mods.
+	 * @returns Filtered array of mods based on install state.
+	 */
+	filterInstalled(mods: ModNameVersionPair[], installed: boolean) {
+		const installedMods = Array.from(this.mods());
+		return mods.filter(mod => (
+			installed === installedMods.some(m => mod.name === m.name && mod.version.testVersion(m.version))
+		));
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Fetch all mods from the Factorio Mod Portal for a specific Factorio version.
+	 *
+	 * Handles pagination automatically to retrieve the complete list.
+	 *
+	 * @param factorioVersion - The Factorio version to fetch mods for (e.g., "1.1").
+	 * @param pageSize - The page size for fetching mods.
+	 * @param hide_deprecated - Whether to exclude deprecated mods.
+	 * @returns An array of mod details.
+	 */
+	static async fetchAllModsFromPortal(
+		factorioVersion: string,
+		pageSize: number,
+		hide_deprecated: boolean = false
+	): Promise<Static<typeof ModPortalDetailsSchema>[]> {
+		logger.info(`Fetching all mods for Factorio version ${factorioVersion}...`);
+		let currentPage = 1;
+		let allMods: Static<typeof ModPortalDetailsSchema>[] = [];
+		let hasMorePages = true;
+
+		while (hasMorePages) {
+			const url = new URL("https://mods.factorio.com/api/mods");
+			url.searchParams.set("page_size", String(pageSize));
+			url.searchParams.set("version", factorioVersion);
+			url.searchParams.set("page", String(currentPage));
+			url.searchParams.set("hide_deprecated", String(hide_deprecated));
+
+			logger.verbose(`Fetching mod portal page ${currentPage}: ${url.toString()}`);
+			const response = await fetch(url.toString());
+
+			if (!response.ok) {
+				let errorMessage = `Mod portal fetch page ${currentPage} failed: `;
+				errorMessage += `${response.status} ${response.statusText}`;
+				try {
+					errorMessage += ` - ${await response.text()}`;
+				} catch (bodyError) {
+					logger.warn("Failed to read response body for failed portal request");
+				}
+				throw new Error(errorMessage);
+			}
+
+			const data = await response.json() as ModPortalResponse;
+			allMods = allMods.concat(data.results);
+
+			hasMorePages = currentPage < data.pagination.page_count;
+			currentPage += 1;
+		}
+		logger.info(`Successfully fetched ${allMods.length} mods for Factorio version ${factorioVersion}.`);
+		return allMods;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Fetch the full release list for a mod including dependencies.
+	 *
+	 * @param modName - Name of the mod to fetch the releases of
+	 * @returns Mod portal response
+	 */
+	static async fetchModReleases(modName: string) {
+		const url = `https://mods.factorio.com/api/mods/${modName}/full`;
+		const response = await fetch(url);
+		if (!response.ok) {
+			throw Error(`Fetch: ${url} returned ${response.status} ${response.statusText}`);
+		}
+		return await response.json() as ModsInfoResponse["results"][number];
+	}
 }
@@ -1,27 +0,0 @@
-import EventEmitter from "events";
-
-/**
- * Type checked version of EventEmitter
- *
- * @example
- * ```ts
- * interface Events {
- *     "foo": (a: number, b: number) => void,
- *     "bar": (spam: string) => void,
- * }
- *
- * class Emitter extends TypedEventEmitter<keyof Events, Events> {}
- *
- * const e = new Emitter();
- * e.emit("foo", 1, 2) // type checked arguments
- * ```
- */
-export default abstract class TypedEventEmitter<
-	Keys extends string,
-	Events extends Record<Keys, (...args: [...any]) => void>,
-> extends EventEmitter {
-	declare ["on"]: <E extends Keys>(event: E, listener: Events[E]) => this;
-	declare ["off"]: <E extends Keys>(event: E, listener: Events[E]) => this;
-	declare ["once"]: <E extends Keys>(event: E, listener: Events[E]) => this;
-	declare ["emit"]: <E extends Keys>(event: E, ...args: Parameters<Events[E]>) => boolean;
-}
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+
+/**
+ * Represents an async function which can fetch a value for a ValueCache
+ */
+export interface ValueCacheFetch<T> {
+	(): Promise<T>;
+}
+
+/**
+ * In-memory single value cache
+ *
+ * Stores the last time a value was fetched and measures staleness
+ * Concurrent calls will share the same in-flight fetch
+ */
+export default class ValueCache<T> {
+	private ongoingFetch: Promise<T> | null = null;
+	private timestamp: number | null = null;
+	private value: T | null = null; // Only valid when timestamp is not null
+
+	/**
+	 * Create a new in memory single value cache
+	 *
+	 * @param fetch A function that fetches and returns a fresh value
+	 */
+	constructor(
+		private readonly fetch: ValueCacheFetch<T>,
+	) {}
+
+	/**
+	 * Get the cached value, will fetch a fresh value if stale or missing
+	 *
+	 * @param maxAgeMs Maximum allowed cache age in milliseconds.
+	 *                 Defaults to 0, meaning it will always fetch a new value.
+	 * @throws TypeError if maxAgeMs is invalid
+	 * @throws Propagates errors from underlying fetch method
+	 */
+	get(maxAgeMs: number = 0): Promise<T> {
+		if (maxAgeMs < 0) {
+			throw new TypeError("maxAgeMs must be a non-negative number");
+		}
+
+		const now = Date.now();
+
+		if (this.timestamp && now - this.timestamp < maxAgeMs) {
+			return Promise.resolve(this.value as T);
+		}
+
+		if (this.ongoingFetch) {
+			return this.ongoingFetch;
+		}
+
+		this.ongoingFetch = this.fetch()
+			.then(value => {
+				this.timestamp = Date.now();
+				this.value = value;
+				return value;
+			})
+			.finally(() => {
+				this.ongoingFetch = null;
+			});
+
+		return this.ongoingFetch;
+	}
+}