docs: update education/statistics/random-variable

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phidias committed 2025-12-28 19:48:23 +00:00
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title: 隨機變數 (Random Variable)
description:
published: true
date: 2025-12-28T19:47:43.526Z
date: 2025-12-28T19:48:23.319Z
tags:
editor: ckeditor
dateCreated: 2025-12-28T16:41:51.938Z
@@ -25,18 +25,33 @@ dateCreated: 2025-12-28T16:41:51.938Z
<figure class="image"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></figure>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h3><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Covariance</span></h3>
<p>Independent random variables have a covariance of zero.</p>
<p><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Independent random variables have a covariance of zero.</span></p>
<figure class="image"><img 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truncated
<figure class="image"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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 truncated
<figure class="image"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></figure>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h3><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Correlation</span></h3>
<p><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Values between -1 and 1, and independent random variables have a correlation of zero.</span></p>
<figure class="image"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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 truncated
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">What if random variable X and Y have linear relationship, that is</span></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<figure class="image"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></figure>
<figure class="image"><img src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAARMAAAAXCAYAAAAoT6saAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAAlwSFlzAAASdAAAEnQB3mYfeAAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAAxHSURBVHhe7Vwxc+JIFn6iNvfkDk8i8JB6qgybs8iJI7aKhEuMs7Om6pz55DH2RVyV4aJDG9yRsLVccA7GsM4HrmqcMq4aIHV+/gEj3XvdaiEhCSQsbDwFoWi1Wl+//vq9773WD+fn57D5bRDYILBB4KkI/PDUDjb3bxDYILBBgBDYkMnGDjYIbBBIBIENmSQC46aTDQIbBNaaTPTSrtWoXUIHitBqHkO7WpVecspKW7dWuZOB09YJ3LXbLzqWpHB4boy/Jwyfit33hMVahzn67oOVU24h021B/q4tIZEktX6W7qf9mJf6rV3rqKzAMNO18tt3r5pQXgLj7wXDJLB7biz00juzUbuQxOYsA6Sq1aoVdUGU3tya5d8yEm2mBVn23RvomZTQI6iVL8EYDJznZLNZyJy2YBsXdtSHL9uOJkpSDah0LXye1xvRS1tIMho4I6t04RwXta7jIpdUMMRD7evzxuC7J1uHcZ97QLpesho5BTTxIPs/BF9q9rvsWbf1sZV/XD0esd4hsHEFulYT7lyeXVIYY7fgwf0VYeib/2fGjuy22r6LZE+6/s48ShUkY+7Sx3k2m6BKkDqfIQn93YOZUy4k2pwHqpySm79/w/5Mpz+ctxHavoIEAzD51vgxLWl9+2H036djkCU91Vd7347Kaeky89EcGHrq/HxKRj4y2X24tRTlDLL1Li6sAltYpa0HS9EMyABy2Yp/fILp+WMfkdCjq+1Hqd+tMLKBCi7+Jo3xDqpVnBS8btB1Mmj7+rzhsnvGdWvIyAknwiYS9pxqW9JbdatD/2Xxv9Y0zBLPktQyFMd967H9cuGXeAfAcRquhUzv4BAi7JCRwJ0NRpIYM3J9pRi+NHZkt9zWuO3Os6dq9XOqOWqYkD6WjL3pwifPAufZbORw8eM8y7jVEwW4/XgiklTBkA67JhiqxAgAHX3W3xD7G1ho30gWaSQSm4RS+r/q5r/xv/5eBW7Q9hUkKNuLSTX7N0hs+xLUv5pn2pRQPGRCMZxyNmALmXZc8bLy8QFUtCHsoEU+CotcEalMGugRQRbq+zI8tkMeUjiBetYADV/fraP0rm0icZHCwmHK+1DMImFMnbDpLeN7m2S8uzprwMaAnkuth57RwqesvMGQnpDx4kGEWCpmrQ7se3BKHONXjuGLYicsI6I9ibGmJSKFc+Y64DynSj/vmR1rX0qTV+LyFoRHs1cfOUTiGKOsQnEvzPa/MNu/+cQ9HXc4hOSXat4cmqn9P0r10SdTU5BQkNQcMuHhA64oDA9mXXdizu3zPC7u1eoWfCc9Y54FcgmEcYlYJJp2DbtW0yL3nRHhrde7iLKCnb4GBlz3miB4ge/et1Af9z3hgehzOoZL2Hph7wQY6eHUHRTQ/fCyPcXleReSq8D4VWP4wtjFsqfJF/gv0kfl4CcwWHwyXY/t/+VTNM/5mRrUyd8v4BcrC1eqAoNjr8siSOj9wJCuf/8HEGsA3o+2j57HrXT19ROg/+ELmcRmepVNg/a3HiBLsfscMunVyNVHj+CkgKQRzf0QarZmOMICcpFXV2FtUH/RaOt36Ril3S2rdomu+SCLl/t2SDOGe7YqvDtsECnI+0XIahpcNk6gzzSWjE8XiEIm1Ib3NYDhaMLIRIQHQwq15oQwcjqDrQ24H4NDQlGfmWS7yYj2q2xEz3E1GL9WDNcBO2ELi+zJGWtQLBNgUDz8+SBZ2StALoEZLmF3yOrPsGfbPmAwzO5BvWR49RWMNA+JgmyVEVFxz3x//FfpalRg3gkjE74Lkz0W53oE7k65mn0GAySIsSW0FfQOcNQonFoknBKRHJVHcNJvAZCYORxBqalb8qQBuVoaWv0x7OD1jr2IYTICtiyixFO2a611ypBDAgrzICItWqevGxyTbvUQDC2Dwu4icVXZwSUMDgktehbznhxFd1FrctB4uDmvpeNpoEuaRm+OtgGO+yXstPrkTXrvXxXGz4ThYtSit1gb7MSQ59iTQwxwyOaZrVvMzhyVLySaZ00O8iAmcE+uzGEa3GGRByE71NE6XRhZx2bvKA3v334ES1NCicQhPwU3U4lvpiTKcc+kd82yINmiN7YOmxYh4A0coZMb7OzuREr1dh6vc03I+ZGIimlVvK6w6xmxCqLbARNISQ/QcHFilta/aJbqqwM3jXvoDCmrw4XdJH8UcpxjuBj5FyoauXuwPQ2cQRUnFn/WGUaK6N5B1yaXyM+baRgH42nb1WK47LsE37ce2EV7J5sYaJ5TbJ5NvkvgPP8hpAdn45Ax6piVZfk9Tqhz3JG6zPavMHOjgoxZuoXVGMpbvpmOJ0gqCicT7j5FX9RcwMPXOI1aSBbiWk9usCCtDi0M9SNGVg5qPLVJzj0GGtdPF0GFi6lpFC5Ffa9oZrDSVsJgXF4Mw+b6IFDriTOWuBivGsPEPbs1wm7hvDhjHcHA9hpYluY/B5KamoqxC/sJaOCetxuTUsDx6k9El4xMxkyoiBpzi/YV8Ol9Qsya9TRCXOterYO1K/3Yla1cLObiaLomgWpMhdhlwGT32C4mikZPXoRLj2GJGyc3HS6+ujCv3m1LWMOwRG/TW5bCeMUYJu3ZrRV2C2Zr0v2Nia+HOM9Coax+3k59oHl+6sl/+S3skZtz9WfYT3mzQXGMKHY5/TQb4K1doIey1GwQKQWQDNNcHk6xutUV08tprGVBTwODsHxIulUUGonQpnBQsVDa9mRi4gAg2nLDWpCSnu04jDxDBpD4zupsBAHEHgbCCjF+DgyXmduwe/gmuh7YsTHOsafJFwpUcKw/STCTyHkyJJyogjM+cTpnZKLsULAw8GUlRFbj/tRfiTr7EL6T0dyc+vSLWcWctS1vodg5q0sowIZiC7WzZ3EYkeRUoCyLQ0IFrIHBoMu4bKDOoVvLnN8JEuKigBgvE4ChXMKayVQ49xM7n497OJ2pfCWlbBUYPxeGUeYlSpt1ws7Z0EKycrxWBCTMTPiK0vTSGzOX/iKdfguofHU2DtQ0qCSN8rczv1lhN1hZCUF0TLUo6C0p6C3hjYxMhHDqXpAspcvKyXG3dhWrkdC2m0GSNFBom1CySWQPVF4pipWnd3OEyxJ5JDUiEr8u4RHx7L7FawhiMwZUSyLjM/g/VANzUAHLcI1n9tV3H84s1fCXlDvtSLthkZ5/UYYZprN4MJv1YhWwInycEc5ZNkfB+cCxuUvoOV5CuJ7OXxIYw2vDcJ2wozUkaqyC7MkZq4pZmWkYwrI56YI0OOyiKBukm8iwQ/ELbs4jyzKpVN53FmfShQ7FTzZRRSFih/zGqLWiR0PJV/oxMmEl6mM8b1JWsWxWo0ssI0DncbLoacwWkBWaY+hCGXPXTE/GttQOU8SshN1fWu4IPOUc3OP5nvx2+ME9+fgUq21VT2Up7SLTczJDDGmmdR1ETmWWvRiAVj7CsncsYotR3s5ERkxxs99AAyWH3mYUD6dX40SL6nHUupw4E7WoLU//ImFQQw0LklwZM57NCS5io+tJY/zaMFwn7Jx5DrEnnv5FwiCXQSPvAkwxv9N59hexsXVtV8a+p0zN+JjMxOObMAFXOZNYShVtP422j2dwTF3XFx4A5PUoWMNS+YjD4vUojmbC07jn4M9c3vlSpLS7AeZ8vWlOfzsBFBMEhUh0F1bXyltPz9io8GDXq9A1Ku1zxibcEmzfxr7z2LdIuCKRBK/DEK/DMzZ25yMR4ty17JxteUGvJHy+XEN34eR+oaQxfm0YrhN2NC/z7Kna/pwKXpfueb4I1WDlP/0FDrWCq1J1GuowAdcj3j7CrxcRq9yR/N4P9qD+T+wb08hUjBtbgJ27yhL6k4zTwoNPORWpstvCArjlT+aK2LjSTSbdy3Y10m3o2MEr/gRBkhjHnfbXjmGS2K0aC3ZAsFsxfymodNDPPLMP+sWdM3d7Xm7/Qdo7nHol9P9akgnzUJBQ+uMTq1crwyUUrWU/jkQ1MdANPoEcF1A6PZ0rP+DHkajMfnmCi/vcVbVPCuM44/teMEwCu+fCgjwQs1cxc4UfJTzugoTi/XRAnPlD8jOPcvvSEIlkYKjzP0EQp+NVt63SgsVwCo8YLgw9wsZCGRT0bBIZavsRQyqMp/Ara4n0tw6dJIFxnPf4njB8KnbPiQURCm7OJm7O0rBSNEu6TpXpC7UR99yW3uA3UcoP+HGkETTp40jb3nM7/wdbcBos8CgkJAAAAABJRU5ErkJggg=="></figure>
<figure class="image"><img 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truncated
<figure class="image"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></figure>
<figure class="image"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></figure>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<figure class="image"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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 truncated
<p><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">That is,&nbsp;</span></p>
<figure class="image"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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 truncated
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<figure class="table">
<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center;width:300px;"><strong>Distribution Function</strong></td>
<td style="text-align:center;width:300px;"><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>Distribution Function</strong></span></td>
<td style="text-align:center;width:500px;"><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>Discrete</strong></span></td>
<td style="text-align:center;width:500px;"><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>Continuous</strong></span></td>
</tr>
@@ -103,7 +118,7 @@ dateCreated: 2025-12-28T16:41:51.938Z
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center;">
<p><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>Marginal Probability</strong></span></p>
<p>Obtained by summing or integrating the joint probability distribution over the values of the other random variable.</p>
<p><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Obtained by summing or integrating the joint probability distribution over the values of the other random variable.</span></p>
</td>
<td>
<figure class="image"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></figure>
@@ -114,8 +129,8 @@ dateCreated: 2025-12-28T16:41:51.938Z
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center;">
<p><strong>Conditional Probability</strong></p>
<p>The probabilistic properties of the random variable X under the knowledge provided by the value of Y.</p>
<p><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>Conditional Probability</strong></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The probabilistic properties of the random variable X under the knowledge provided by the value of Y.</span></p>
</td>
<td>
<figure class="image"><img src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAYkAAAA0CAYAAAB//sSiAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAAlwSFlzAAASdAAAEnQB3mYfeAAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAABq9SURBVHhe7V1NTBvX2n5nyPJKdF2W9bhKYEslG+7uayj2IlzpQiW6gEUwWdXm+5pNmxrjkM0liYEVdj6psCjRJb1KKsV2WAe7UukiUklQbLLM/hLdLD1zn3NmxvhnwGeMf/g5I7UK9syZ875nfJ55/573ysLCAslDakBqQGpAakBqwEkDV6RapAakBqQGpAakBo7TgAQJ+WxIDUgNSA1IDRyrAQkS8uGQGjgjGohODhorS4u0RRO0kQyTh0iNx+PGGZnepZ7GZO+2Pr01oHy//h0FNO1SrYsEiUv96EvhW6mBaHTQmFUClHIa1O+n0J0N6tvdVJy+jg6+N4a0bRrIbNAIztmMx/lp0clP9CFvWMnbUBHKEKUCqmFkS7PqqJKq+Rwxxo6DCuauq8GUMvNcx9QUdeEEYIOO9FtqUEka1jT9y1TYCZOmkEp0UFoZ9ipzOYP4t/4Evovw77oBlpVyaYGoagSzpVvTnyv3+p/r+VRUXVi4HAAuQaKVu4Qc61JrIB7fVZLFZYO0CKWw+RVzYcJmr3ALYSpAkYBGoYxh9O3Gq4CCAYQSSLHvACLV38U3/63mMiFdHU0pRggbanKUtKRB2DTVJD5/xD5nG+3R5x1fg4PiHpHhp2ta41tDR+paYVnfA/DljBCld76tBAE1up7Qn3jnlJxvhtLrJnh0AyCYJAcFyEV+ugq5GGjFNzH3nTQHOUq81ecjAIpLYOlJkGj8XMszpAZcaYBvLRNBDhDsQmwuSvROyIgACPYKB9RXMZppfcyTf7lYBxDl0766TQn/I4qQl7wK3tQta+HF0xT2ZgAEwAj7WNc2081/j6gxJEkePr5LQrmSngCN+yOUyzmotfiG8gSA2FmjAGTtFkCwmW0eQq4Y0QfIZdp1WEsGcukZWE7TSiK4o0ei0a7O0dWD2eTJEiSaVJy8TGrAUQN8kyMKeRFR2G2so4OVRbin/LQc9NDhpvP58fimOvm1T58LP1PSuqEH8HZdXB0qebdDSgYA4QVAnKc3Wi7PBOTJpZRfs2sUDBAHF9MVta0k3u50HSBOXLnR27Ts91LkfpbmUgHqVhVBNDqpZ1fvK/ciKcoZPkoUdiisvaMXt6YpmMqRAetuJr1DX35Uevb343rjp9H5DAkSzWpOXic14KAB00URorFRYEQFSGSfsUiFnyYqwAA/cmNlaB4fLxM+pmMwgt/FE/iafJEwLa5+R4b3vq6GByitJwn7a9cAwvbZs/CCf7lA+Ygm7Kdn8vgjedorHhApGkWNSZ3FI/5MvKWkpqiHXXTjVMmVsOSqmA8HuXGfHpm7pyQKo3pE6441cbAyRb961+ll4Sr91TtH+9Dl6oMH5P2/l6SvvaPVYQBZcJbGSsnSVTXasx9vDigkSMitTmqgRRoob/qhO7RruZqikwCCpSmCpwkb6QashcqYQ5HemGZH2TV17FTgopnwRSiyNU1DuCZRyOFtWxwgJj/Z1r3hvCIa1RbZ9OO7fWph2c/HHdA8xIPrtl+mkU4tl1NkK0MFPaxnb3lprv85GQxoDsUCwizjyDsHmQSF8jts+E7T5HIlIBfGHoBFyJao9vB4B/BRChszxzgxN1sjnbj8nrnDPt19jPv3MitB2bu3RDd2kvQfRekBkOmD/UaJ8q/VwjuivlcuB684XYJE87qTV0oN1GjA2vTzAYJ9wLeu+XnEG/whWkbW0mFtZtNBgXj8gkV8D0/2TR25nLBxZXSKeAEQLrJrzLjBiPiKHT6mEaEAAxsyRDdGFUq6wIiyyym8pWRW39DWnwl6uxNAUJ75/cWmacYMXMj0ATIJjm3OgMlFznJp12AXKjzGhJxYsQm36ayD9BaAzKCbPyTp4y+ncy05TVGCRJsWTg57CTWQfcbTX52ylAAQp1JI9AukmY6S4mPvr89e4P9wNHXl/fVIDOYTXxmOIbtqggXOXR8eDW/jSooiEeY6q8pycj1WKy9gcq1CLvKNNyVXK+ciMlbxNWwdX4JuA9BesVQJAGE0+k0JMqhk9JP3M6KPWKBo9n2pJ7inPkDMp+9VNZh807td0p6Mq29fhjEGvqtwTUmQEFkFeY7UgIAG7JRJAcNAYLSKzZjXSiCgCxeT974K19UzylgB7O4GrE3LyZ8IkFd1Z9lw6bR+vI3D5Fr+joIqy9oSczO5Ul5TJ5tyGTPIJjtT86oXpgxoA1bmmx07efectrgMYxT81y89C/v7epz6euZjfTxb60PNUD8fjvTErn+gx3fv1t1EgkRTD5G8SGqgWgNugtBudBeNfqGzormBtOliMrIzJSWVUp69WIMxgddGQZdQO2ISBMvpEdwcM27jEZYCDjL/RBzDT4kA/P5h8w3YzdGumASTC8nFFIKvKeXGh+Zm8q069yDNwcD3d60qdpL9RwR/Q7cwL2A10F/eK6XgI1J9DxGI73vFQYNNARllpVs9QTWlw12VLiETSq3LhJIg0arFkuNccg24CELbmvJ4iYc/3xRppLJ4wvqeA8TQqLLHAq6skpm9aX/1N5qBiya1uEoFI6wjL0goT78dMQk3RXS1D0fZVYWaCGCMWazm8glqV0yirojOaV481RkAeUxg26UozZ9efM3BwcAzVDA0XYtOUnYVKbAxopvPX5bdStFkhkL/H0Rm3GcUge9p39I26j561gqJ0p72RL2GykV6VT8VCRLNL4+8UmqgrAGz3sHtodE15m/ZK9BkMmrYxXfmGx5Lj/VSKh+izI5GAetNOx7/Xf3bDOmpFAK+xTBFupRZw+bIfeEI7moehYors/pS721KRTxqJoS31lRIea6fUBB3kKEnLB3Kfw1+f0emErfKbMn5R/GIhzwt+bhDCEhaMqOTB8k+fQQzYoYSyj36vAcgwNDWj7/fHgEEH+EdkiSMGfr+K4U+ggClCpELb+g3/zj9BHlfseBSDVpLkOjAQspbXGwNmLQaVqIkiqvmEble6NttuPMhw0eZnPAbkcgWpQ8YCpgHq8JeGdIIZQQMQagyTj2JAPYUAtiE98fI9CxlNpJ6AFW/3YhNjI6FyP8ohXjCHoWQ3ssAgls7709eb16H4J03U1fzqCMfJsbfpEfPRPVy43hEGUhmntOcV1E/dCmWchSPGKO5ZEpd6DuK6dTFHTgQAJAdjIV3qO0x+m+Q9xczdlG7ehIkGuxftcyclW97F3vrO9vSwR9tTG0N0J2N27S76Uya1ykJkFevVDfvEii1tibnCd+hUAS8TktZWrBcTowDiuWfljNWd+Plqt7N3/vUEZT42omfu5v4rlOC1tyH1RNcBx/HdfY5ysWrKo9PsBDYdTHG41E+DhEwdetsapPQVjzCD8KmY+s+sksAcB89/GmUIi5Sdls/YxPQauMRTvdhxZxGf7oOCOwsKD9iGjknXxMGkyBxwsodx8zZ+sXu3Ihsc9W2Jsrkc527c2vvBH+0ktsA79GURnsDGWNE4M29tTNozWicFDATMlKBAL13IP9rzV06N4pJraGAEfZb8EyJF/t1boYn34lXxiOYPg5fE6OWqoUuU76Y4uuyFcGlyD7lLs6biIs4zdWWtBIIfvpLppQZ/JE+/Y+dAlugN78R9X//GYUrYhWVWrrwINEsffNJzJzRyV7QOrPsAesAfTNzL9Tdy/q8Gz+Ak+ZfOZ+6OVeyl3K/uO32wFUV350FmRhxXjKX4fTc28tFY+SwuxZFszphlogBoBgKDBH8R2CJPZ9yMPkPVhfJSL+l1OjJlOHN6qqd100O9urTMUXxJdZpDtQgH2qoQeBV0G8NB5U/ARB50LV3O2X3oPAa6jDo0b1ZMPAmj3XXxeM/9wz2+0r5//Wq0zfTlP+ywq3EMtTA+/TgmKA10/eFB4lm6JsbMXPGNw8V0Ddzemc4Y6kImubN+C5jiLTeCjkHQ/nzdj7Yx40tmrNv62ePgx6CpBa9NRuX+cyjG8vGFvsOVcOZDZP6uhvy8A3Iom6urEOwda4EpmiimDOqaS+6NVP392VAkSveNrKg8FikCeO8Nh1iWVR9oIpYEPe4uVdWi6+wU2nnYUGEwB2VYtQgNQAx2fteH556j6ZDb2mNNR2q8P+3eDrCw1Vmd1Uy1ToNsNuHOghenf4HjewfncHjEQhasyC9U9D6UoCErQ439M0izJzEmSBRLQoOzsqNk5urXX7jZjIzdwzzEWPTbPzQeYI0AermvBNJDU/1Y+CRLPMRNR6wPWccKxNfC1g8FX799sygvaPGWWylbwTxhkP2TLX3ZnL0sgaqUmlB3bHgoPrNQ8RfsMf+8fgxttmLcUS/QY2EFkPtxPqxQevLAxIu6JtFi6KOMlOe0aCRNBihG/f3b1e/jZ+Hx6ksSz5Fz7LJcr8D06LapuVirusAcZIej9ZikXrPsTVxHp4VOcfzrwEzRqGp6ryB7Nk0rYc1UHGgduKYF5MrbFPMrizRIjjJWYUe2xDCngPKzjLmSvZqCRMskzu+Ico50Jkb+mZkfwszc3qCE6A7jtDiym3K8TTIAcoY3X3jtmMRbFlYIxtRP70pC6ibraY4JlgiKMya4VQxl3Z+wUVkslk5UVNU1dSn87OVd5QaONsaYDEKuh6jGE9L+wOZZSfbRlcYJ/kz7wbliteIBWPfgJN8ZWmJvLfRtCKJf7PAZQD52NbbcjvF52/iZnK40CGyCbqmb3bBzEmWmyayNcXpm5t54261zMy3XVz2cz0ymmORxjdc2WVZ0rSRixrZWYUiAwjIuwgGt1oW+yEQkomzcrK6tOrOb04PUrvmKfTQypMunQbaRh/SIU1eYX5eZFOAbKuXUxvvLS7RmOV/ZrGnwQGLine truncated
@@ -126,16 +141,16 @@ dateCreated: 2025-12-28T16:41:51.938Z
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center;">
<p><strong>Independence</strong></p>
<p>Two random variables X and Y are said to be independent if:</p>
<p><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>Independence</strong></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Two random variables X and Y are said to be independent if:</span></p>
</td>
<td>
<figure class="image"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></figure>
<p>for all values <strong>i</strong> of X and <strong>j</strong> of Y.</p>
<p><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">for all values <strong>i</strong> of X and <strong>j</strong> of Y.</span></p>
</td>
<td>
<figure class="image"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></figure>
<p>for all X and Y.</p>
<p><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">for all X and Y.</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>