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Author SHA1 Message Date
phidias
d6b52b3032 docs: update education/chemistry/1 2026-02-11 16:02:18 +00:00
phidias
2ef742f234 docs: update education/chemistry/1 2026-02-11 15:58:00 +00:00
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@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
title: 1 title: 1
description: description:
published: true published: true
date: 2026-02-11T15:51:27.344Z date: 2026-02-11T16:02:17.712Z
tags: tags:
editor: ckeditor editor: ckeditor
dateCreated: 2026-02-11T14:58:54.870Z dateCreated: 2026-02-11T14:58:54.870Z
@@ -20,13 +20,13 @@ dateCreated: 2026-02-11T14:58:54.870Z
</tr> </tr>
<tr> <tr>
<td style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Electron</span></td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Electron</span></td>
<td style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">e-</span></td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">e<sup>-</sup></span></td>
<td style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">-1</span></td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">-1</span></td>
<td style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">5.4858 x 10<sup>-4</sup></span></td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">5.4858 x 10<sup>-4</sup></span></td>
</tr> </tr>
<tr> <tr>
<td style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Proton</span></td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Proton</span></td>
<td style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">p+</span></td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">p<sup>+</sup></span></td>
<td style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">+1</span></td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">+1</span></td>
<td style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">1.0073</span></td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">1.0073</span></td>
</tr> </tr>
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ dateCreated: 2026-02-11T14:58:54.870Z
<tbody> <tbody>
<tr> <tr>
<td style="text-align:center;width:100px;"><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>N</strong></span></td> <td style="text-align:center;width:100px;"><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>N</strong></span></td>
<td style="text-align:center;width:100px;"><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>Max e-</strong></span></td> <td style="text-align:center;width:100px;"><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>Max e<sup>-</sup></strong></span></td>
</tr> </tr>
<tr> <tr>
<td style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">1</span></td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">1</span></td>
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ dateCreated: 2026-02-11T14:58:54.870Z
<tr> <tr>
<td style="text-align:center;width:100px;"><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>Subshell</strong></span></td> <td style="text-align:center;width:100px;"><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>Subshell</strong></span></td>
<td style="text-align:center;width:100px;"><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>Orbitals</strong></span></td> <td style="text-align:center;width:100px;"><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>Orbitals</strong></span></td>
<td style="text-align:center;width:100px;"><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>Max e-</strong></span></td> <td style="text-align:center;width:100px;"><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>Max e<sup>-</sup></strong></span></td>
<td style="text-align:center;width:200px;"><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>Name of orbital</strong></span></td> <td style="text-align:center;width:200px;"><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>Name of orbital</strong></span></td>
<td style="text-align:center;width:200px;"><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>Historical Name</strong></span></td> <td style="text-align:center;width:200px;"><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>Historical Name</strong></span></td>
</tr> </tr>
@@ -485,4 +485,124 @@ dateCreated: 2026-02-11T14:58:54.870Z
<p>&nbsp;</p> <p>&nbsp;</p>
<h3><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Anion</span></h3> <h3><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Anion</span></h3>
<p><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Atom that gains e-, -ve ions</span></p> <p><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Atom that gains e-, -ve ions</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Usually group 5 to 7. Like N<sup>3-</sup>, S<sup>2-</sup>, Cl<sup>-</sup></span></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<figure class="table">
<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center;width:150px;"><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">&nbsp;</span></td>
<td style="text-align:center;width:200px;"><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>Name</strong></span></td>
<td style="text-align:center;width:200px;"><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>Composition</strong></span></td>
<td style="text-align:center;width:200px;"><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>Color (Water)</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">O<sup>2-</sup></span></td>
<td style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Oxide ion</span></td>
<td style="text-align:center;" rowspan="7"><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Monoatomic</span></td>
<td style="text-align:center;" rowspan="3"><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">React</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">S<sup>2-</sup></span></td>
<td style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Sulphide ion</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">N<sup>3-</sup></span></td>
<td style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Nitride ion</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">F<sup>-</sup></span></td>
<td style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Fluoride ion</span></td>
<td style="text-align:center;" rowspan="12"><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Colorless</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Cl<sup>-</sup></span></td>
<td style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Chloride ion</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Br<sup>-</sup></span></td>
<td style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Bromide ion</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">I<sup>-</sup></span></td>
<td style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Iodide ion</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">OH<sup>-</sup></span></td>
<td style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Hydroxide ion</span></td>
<td style="text-align:center;" rowspan="10"><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Polyatomic</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">NO<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup></span></td>
<td style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Nitrite ion</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup></span></td>
<td style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Nitrate ion&nbsp;</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">SO<sub>3</sub><sup>2-</sup></span></td>
<td style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Sulphite ion</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup></span></td>
<td style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Sulphate ion</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">HSO<sub>4</sub><sup>-</sup></span></td>
<td style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Hydrogensulphate ion</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">CO<sub>3</sub><sup>2-</sup></span></td>
<td style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Carbonate ion&nbsp;</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup></span></td>
<td style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Hydrogencarbonate ion</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">MnO<sub>4</sub><sup>-</sup></span></td>
<td style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Permanganate ion</span></td>
<td style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Purple</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub><sup>2-</sup></span></td>
<td style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Dichromate ion</span></td>
<td style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Orange</span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</figure>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h3><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Isoelectronic</span></h3>
<p><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">If they have the same number of electrons</span></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<figure class="table">
<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center;width:150px;"><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">&nbsp;</span></td>
<td style="text-align:center;width:200px;"><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>Name</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Na<sup>+</sup></span></td>
<td style="text-align:center;" rowspan="3"><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">10e<sup>-</sup></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Mg<sup>2+</sup></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">N<sup>3-</sup></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">S<sup>2-</sup></span></td>
<td style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">18e<sup>-</sup></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Cl<sup>-</sup></span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</figure>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p> <p>&nbsp;</p>