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phidias
7eafbc98c9 docs: update education/chemistry/1 2026-02-11 15:36:14 +00:00
phidias
8480474764 docs: update education/chemistry/1 2026-02-11 15:34:58 +00:00
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title: 1
description:
published: true
date: 2026-02-11T15:31:01.086Z
date: 2026-02-11T15:36:13.726Z
tags:
editor: ckeditor
dateCreated: 2026-02-11T14:58:54.870Z
@@ -371,3 +371,21 @@ dateCreated: 2026-02-11T14:58:54.870Z
</table>
</figure>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h3><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Pauli's Exclusion principle</span></h3>
<p><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Each orbital can be occupied by no more than 2 electrons.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">If 2 electrons occupy the same orbital, they must have opposite spins.</span></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h3><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Hund's rule</span></h3>
<p><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Electron must occupy each orbital singly before pairing.</span></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h3><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Exception: Half and full filled orbital</span></h3>
<p><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The electronic configuration of Cr (Chromium) and Cu (Copper) do not follow the order. The outer subshell become half or fully filled to gain extra stability.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">It is also because that 4s and 3d energy difference is small.</span></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h3><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Periodic table groups</span></h3>
<p><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Group 1 - Alkali metal</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Group 2 - Alkaline earth metal</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Group 17 (7) - Halogen</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Group 18 (8) - Noble gas</span></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>