Migrate to ECMAScript Modules

Migrate the usage of CommonJS specific code and imports to ESM.  Roughly
summarised this:
- Changes all require() calls to import statement or expressions.
- Changes usage of module.exports to export statements.
- Replaces require.resolve with import.meta.resolve.
- Replaces conditional imports with conditional subpath imports.
- Replaces module === require.main with import.meta.main.
- Adds the full filename with extention to all relative imports.
- Changes all usage of __dirname and __filename to their import.meta
  equivalents.
- Sets "type": "module" in package.json files.
- Removes usage of "use strict".
- Adds .ts an an alias of .js for the webpack build.

Due to differences in how require and import resolves files the plugin
entrypoints will have to include the filename and extension after this
migration in order to work.

packages/controller/src/Controller.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import type winston from "winston";
 import { BlockList, type AddressInfo, isIPv4, isIPv6 } from "net";
-import type { ControllerArgs } from "../controller";
+import type { ControllerArgs } from "../controller.js";
 import express, { type Request, type Response, type NextFunction, type Application } from "express";
 import type { Static } from "@sinclair/typebox";
 import finalhandler from "finalhandler";
@@ -14,22 +14,23 @@ import jwt from "jsonwebtoken";
 import path from "path";
 import semver from "semver";
 import stream from "stream";
+import { fileURLToPath, pathToFileURL } from "node:url";
 
 import * as lib from "@clusterio/lib";
-const { logger, Summary, Gauge } = lib;
+import { logger, Summary, Gauge } from "@clusterio/lib";
 
-import HttpCloser from "./HttpCloser";
-import InstanceRecord from "./InstanceRecord";
-import * as metrics from "./metrics";
-import * as routes from "./routes";
-import User from "./User";
-import UserRecord from "./UserRecord";
-import UserManager from "./UserManager";
-import WsServer from "./WsServer";
-import HostRecord from "./HostRecord";
-import BaseControllerPlugin from "./BaseControllerPlugin";
-import ControllerRouter from "./ControllerRouter";
-import InstanceManager from "./InstanceManager";
+import HttpCloser from "./HttpCloser.js";
+import InstanceRecord from "./InstanceRecord.js";
+import * as metrics from "./metrics.js";
+import * as routes from "./routes.js";
+import User from "./User.js";
+import UserRecord from "./UserRecord.js";
+import UserManager from "./UserManager.js";
+import WsServer from "./WsServer.js";
+import HostRecord from "./HostRecord.js";
+import BaseControllerPlugin from "./BaseControllerPlugin.js";
+import ControllerRouter from "./ControllerRouter.js";
+import InstanceManager from "./InstanceManager.js";
 
 const endpointDurationSummary = new Summary(
 	"clusterio_controller_http_endpoint_duration_seconds",
@@ -345,7 +346,7 @@ export default class Controller {
 
 		// Start webpack development server if enabled
 		if (args.dev || args.devPlugin) {
-			this._startDevServer(args);
+			await this._startDevServer(args);
 		}
 
 		this.config.on("fieldChanged", (field, curr, prev) => {
@@ -383,7 +384,7 @@ export default class Controller {
 		Controller.addAppRoutes(this.app, this.pluginInfos);
 
 		if (!args.dev) {
-			let manifestPath = path.join(__dirname, "..", "..", "web", "manifest.json");
+			let manifestPath = path.join(import.meta.dirname, "..", "..", "web", "manifest.json");
 
 			let manifest = await Controller.loadJsonObject(manifestPath);
 			if (!manifest["main.js"]) {
@@ -458,12 +459,13 @@ export default class Controller {
 	async _startDevServer(args: ControllerArgs) {
 		logger.warn("Webpack development mode enabled");
 
-		const webpack = require("webpack");
-		const webpackDevMiddleware = require("webpack-dev-middleware");
+		const webpack = (await import("webpack")).default;
+		const webpackDevMiddleware = (await import("webpack-dev-middleware")).default;
 		const webpackConfigs = [];
 
 		if (args.dev) {
-			webpackConfigs.push(require("../../../webpack.config")({})); // Path outside of build
+			// @ts-expect-error this file is run from a different folder
+			webpackConfigs.push((await import("../../../webpack.config.cjs")).default({})); // Path outside of build
 		}
 		if (args.devPlugin) {
 			let devPlugins = new Map();
@@ -472,7 +474,10 @@ export default class Controller {
 				if (!info) {
 					throw new lib.StartupError(`No plugin named ${name}`);
 				}
-				let config = require(path.posix.join(info.requirePath, "webpack.config"))({});
+				const webpackConfig = path.posix.join(info.requirePath, "webpack.config.cjs");
+				let config = (await import(
+					path.isAbsolute(webpackConfig) ? pathToFileURL(webpackConfig).href : webpackConfig
+				)).default({});
 				devPlugins.set(name, webpackConfigs.length);
 				webpackConfigs.push(config);
 			}
@@ -627,7 +632,9 @@ export default class Controller {
 		try {
 			// First check the clusterio version
 			const runningVersion = this.config.get("controller.version");
-			const packageJsonPath = require.resolve("@clusterio/controller/package.json");
+			const packageJsonPath = fileURLToPath(
+				import.meta.resolve("@clusterio/controller/package.json"),
+			);
 			const packageJson = JSON.parse(await fs.readFile(packageJsonPath, "utf8"));
 			if (runningVersion !== packageJson.version) {
 				this.config.restartRequired = true;
@@ -651,7 +658,7 @@ export default class Controller {
 				}
 			}
 		} catch (err: any) {
-			logger.warn(`Failed to read package json for ${packageName}:\n${err.stack ?? err.message}`);
+			logger.warn(`Failed to read package.json for ${packageName}:\n${err.stack ?? err.message}`);
 		}
 
 		return false;
@@ -660,7 +667,7 @@ export default class Controller {
 	async checkRestartDowngrade() {
 		try {
 			const runningVersion = this.config.get("controller.version");
-			const packageJsonPath = require.resolve("@clusterio/controller/package.json");
+			const packageJsonPath = fileURLToPath(import.meta.resolve("@clusterio/controller/package.json"));
 			const packageJson = JSON.parse(await fs.readFile(packageJsonPath, "utf8"));
 			const installedVersion = packageJson.version;
 
@@ -901,7 +908,7 @@ export default class Controller {
 		// Set folder to serve static content from (the website)
 		const staticOptions = { immutable: true, maxAge: 1000 * 86400 * 365 };
 		app.use("/static",
-			express.static(path.join(__dirname, "..", "..", "web", "static"), staticOptions)
+			express.static(path.join(import.meta.dirname, "..", "..", "web", "static"), staticOptions)
 		);
 		app.use("/static", express.static("static", staticOptions)); // Used for data export files
 
@@ -1124,7 +1131,7 @@ export default class Controller {
 		for (let pluginInfo of this.pluginInfos) {
 			try {
 				let manifestPath = path.posix.join(pluginInfo.requirePath, "dist", "web", "manifest.json");
-				pluginInfo.manifest = await Controller.loadJsonObject(require.resolve(manifestPath), true);
+				pluginInfo.manifest = await Controller.loadJsonObject(import.meta.resolve(manifestPath), true);
 			} catch (err) {
 				logger.warn(`Unable to load dist/web/manifest.json for plugin ${pluginInfo.name}`);
 			}
@@ -1241,7 +1248,10 @@ export default class Controller {
 			}
 			mainBundle = routes.stripStaticPrefix(mainBundle);
 
-			fs.readFile(path.join(__dirname, "..", "..", "..", "web", "index.html"), "utf8").then((content) => {
+			fs.readFile(
+				path.join(import.meta.dirname, "..", "..", "..", "web", "index.html"),
+				"utf8",
+			).then((content) => {
 				res.type("text/html");
 				res.send(content
 					.replace(/__CLUSTER_NAME__/g, res.app.locals.controller.config.get("controller.name"))